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chile:
By GARY THOMAS
FROM THAT same intrepid band of
superspies who brought you the Bay
of Pigs, U-2, Vietnam, and other excit-
ing tales of derring-do, comes the new
saga, "If I'm Not There, Start the Coup
Without Me."
President Ford came out at his most
recent news conference with some shaky
rationalizations for the involvement of
the Central Intelligence Agency in the
the coup against Chilean President Sal-
vador Allende. It was the same self-
serving reason given for the creation of
the Agency - "they play dirty tricks,
so we must, too."
But there are several perplexing ques-
tions about why Ford took responsibility
for the actions of former President Nix-
on. Even the present director of the
CIA, William Colby, was not Director of
Central Intelligence at the time of the
coup -- at that time, the hat of DCI was
worn by Richard Helms, now Ambassa-
dor to Iran.
THE PROBABLE answer was that
Henry Kissinger brought some type of
pressure to bear on Ford to assume re-
sponsibility for the Agency's actions af-
ter DCI Colby let the cat out of the
bag of dirty tricks at a closed session
of -the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee.
Kissinger holds the most powerful post
in that amalgamation known as the U.S.
intelligence community. He heads the
super-secret "40 Committee," that group
which approves all major clandestine
operations of the community. Although
other people sit on the committee, such
as the DCI, the Chairman of the Joint
Super
Chiefs of Staff, an Assistant Secretary of
Defense, and others, Kissinger is clear-
ly the chief of this exclusive club of
spy sponsors.
This is because Kissinger has the ace
in the hole to play: he can always say
"The President told me . . ." and no
one will challenge him.
THE CIA was originally created to be
a clearing house for information collect-
ed by other members of the community.
It was to have a coordination rather than
collection function under the provisions
of the National Security Act. But a
catch-all phrase in the act allowed the
CIA to slip into collection and then clan-
destine operations: "It shall perform
such other duties from time to time as
the (National Security) Council may
direct."
So the "40 Committee" was born. It
has been known by various names during
its career: "the 303 Group" (named
after the room number where it met) and
the "54/12 Group" (named after the Na-
tional Security Memorandum which re-
vived it), but its function has always
been the same: to budget and approve
clandestine operations of the intelligence
community, particularly the CIA.
IT WAS within the committee t h a t
such operations as the Bay of Pigs, the
Guatamalan coup, the U-2 overflights,
and the secret Laotian war (utilizing the
mercenaries of General Vang Pao) were
approved. And it was here, too, that
approval for the covert action against
Chile was given, with a budget of $11
K
and
various groups, the most notorious being
"Patria y Liberdad," a ;ight wing Fas
cist group which has :pposed Allende
from the beginning and which took cre-
dit for the assassination of Allende's
military aide several months before the
coup.
In his fascinating book, "The CIA
and the Cult of Intelligence," Victor
Marchetti gives tantalizing hints as to
Kissinger's involvement in the Chilean
affair. Unfortunately the book was cen-
sored by the Agency and there are big
portions reading "DELETED" whenever
Kisinger and Chile are mentioned.
BUT IN AN interview with Marchetti,
he assured me that Kissinger's role was
indeed dominant in the intelligence com-
munity.
"He's fascinated by spies," said Mar-
chetti, "and he really had a thing about
Chile."
It seems the whole U.S. government
had a "thing about Chile." The govern-
ment viewed the democratically-elected
government of Marxist Salvador Allen-
de with the same paranoia previous ad-
ministrations viewed Castro's Cuba.
Marchetti pointed out that, since the
USSR and China are relatively impena-
trable, the U.S. intelligence community
has turned its attention to the third world
where security is lax and covert opera-
tions are more feasible.
So covert action was approved by the
head of the 40 committee -- who, inci-
dentally, is also the chief of the U.S. dip-
lomatic community: Henry Alfred Kiss-
inger.
KISSINGER probably put pressure on
Ford to shoulder the responsibility so
as not to tarnish his peacemaker image.
It is the same Kissinger who became
irate when someone suggested that he
might have initiated wiretaps. That
time, he threatened to resign if his
name was not cleared. But this is an
affair he cannot squirm out of so eas-
ily,
For years, the CIA and its band of
superspooks have been allowed to roam
the world at will, unchecked by any leg-
islative mechanism. Under the National
Security Act, the Agency resides in the
Executive Branch of the government.
The only check on it - and it is a sor-
ry one at that - is the 40 Committee,
which is under the National Security
Council, which in turn also resides in
the Executive Branch.
"I DON'T think we've been keeping
close enough tabs on the CIA," said
Sen. Mike Mansfield, the Democratic
majority leader, upon hearing of the
Chilean affair. "We have not asked
enough questions. We have been too
prone to take what they tell us on faith
and not probe too deeply." Another con-
gressman, Rep. Thomas Morgan (D-
Pa.), said, "This is our one chance to
get oversight of the CIA and we're
going to grab it."
One can only hope Morgan is right,
and that Kissinger will be made to an-
swer some very tough questions. At
any rate, Congress may yet awake
enough to send shudders of fear and
loathing into the spies at Langley:
spies
'And they used to call us racists!'
M41
~4e t ian DaUly
Eighty-three years of editorial freedom
Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan
million.
The money to oppose
Allende went to
Friday, September 20, 1974
News Phone: 764-0552
Letters: On C lericalIs,
unionization'
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Mi. 48104
Invitation to indiscretion
(N MONDAY OF this week, the
University Cellar Board of Direc-
tors adopted this amendment to their
bylaws:
"Any meeting of the Board of
Directors may go into closed ex-
ecutive session by two-thirds vote
of the Board. The motion to go
into executive session may spe-
cify any non-board members
who may be invited to stay, the
topic to be considered and the
length of the executive session.
The President may, without
objection, move the Board into
executive session."
Several legitimate motives seem to
underscore the Cellar action. On past
occasions, certain issues had come
before the Board which it felt
merited closed-door discussion. Clos-
ed sessions were infrequent and ap-
proved by means of informal con-
sensus. They were typically concern-
ed with marketing strategy or sensi-
tive personnel matters. The Board
claimed that public exposure of these
matters could have been financially
injurious to the Cellar or undeserved-
ly embarrassing to the subjects of
discussion.
THE PURPOSE of the Cellar Board's
most recent action was to forma-
lize the procedure for initiating
closed sessions.
The present Board members have
repeatedly demonstrated their com-
petence in administering the store's
affairs and their worthiness of stu-
dent trust. Nonetheless, a corporate
amendment is a long-term proposi-
tion, and the Cellar action was not
taken with future student interests
in mind.
The student members of the Cellar
Board of Directors are not elected di-
rectly by the students. Rather, they
are appointed by SGC. Although the
current crop of Cellar directors have
proven themselves equal to their
tasks, the same may not always be
true of their successors.
A policy provision for authoriz-
ing closed sessions, when placed in
the wrong hands, can be an open in-
vitation for misuse of delegated
power.
The University Cellar is a public,
non-profit corporation. It is managed
by students and was founded by stu-
dents and was founded by student
mandate. Each student subsidizes
Cellar operations with a five dollar
loan, assessed during his or her first
year at the University.
VOR THE CELLAR to remain a truly
public institution, it is crucial
that the policy of open meetings,
with no exceptions, be maintained.
The University Cellar should re-
consider Monday's action with new
emphasis on its long-term implica-
tions and keeping the student coop-
erative accountable to its student pa-
trons.
-PAUL HASKINS
To The Daily:
THE SPARTACUS Y 0U T H
League (SYL, formerly the Re-
volutionary Communist Youth)
wishes to express our support
for the efforts of University of
Michigan clerical workers to or-
ganize. The past year has seen
a number of organizing drives
among U. of M. workers. In
addition to the clericals, the
hospital nurses have begun at-
tempts to organize and the
Graduate Employees Organiza-
tion recently gained recognition
from the university administra-
tion.
U. of M. employees are re-
sponding to the same conditions
which are setting workers
across the country in motion.
The contradictions of capital-
ism in the present period are
causing rampant inflation,
mushrooming unemployment,
and a series of cutbacks and
tuition increases in the educa-
tional system - including, at
the U. of M., a 24 per cent tui-
tion hike over the last two
years!
Educational cutbacks will al-
ways hit hardest at working-
class youth, minorities, and wo-
men. Witness the recent curtail-
ment of even limited financial-
aid programs such as the Op-
portunity Program. Also, LS&A
scholarships are now given ac-
cording to "outstanding achieve-
ment" rather than by financial
need, which, in light of the in-
equalities imposed by the pub-
lic secondary - education sys-
tem, is discriminatory and class
biased.
STUDENTS, IN THE past,
have struggled against inequal-
ities in the universities. But
struggles such as the Black Ac-
tion, Movement's demand for
a quota of 10 per cent black
students (which has not even
been met) would mean only
minimal gains. Those who wish
to effect lasting and significant
changes must come to under-
stand campus problems in a
much broader perspective. The
Spartacus Youth League calls
for open admissions and FREE
higher education for all with a
stipend. To prevent the univer-
sity from acting asta tool-of
class discrimination and bour-
geois domination, the SYL calls
for the nationalization of all uni-
versities under worker/student/
teacher control.
As long as the bourgeoisie
rule we will not be able to es-
tablish an educational system
which really benefits working
class and oppressed minority
youth. Socially conscious stu-
dents must be won over to the
task of building a revolutionary
vanguard organization, a po-
litical party which, uniting
class-conscious workers and in-
tellectuals, can lead a socialist
revolution.
This week at the U. of M.,
clericals will begin voting on
whether to affiliate with the
United Auto Workers, the
American Federation of State,
County, and Municipal Em-
ployees, or neither.
THE U. OF M. ADMINISTRA-
mrn't t - .. _.-.1. ,- - - «« ..-
for the welfare of the clericals,
an appetite for an enlarged dues
base is a much more credible
explanation of why these bu-
reaucrats are sniffing around
the campus, far from their own
industrial arena.
This is certainly not to say
that any other labor bureau-
crats - the AFSCME leaders as
well - are capable of putting
forward solutions to the basic
problems facing all workers.
The AFSCME leadership pur-
sues the same basic policy of
class collaboration and "labor
peace" as their UAW cohorts.
In fact AFSCME goes further
than most by openly crossing
the class line to organize cops
into the union. Cops are not
workers; they are the repres-
sive apparatusbof the ruling
class. Their job is to smash
workers' struggles. They have
no place in the unions!
NEVERTHELESS,
THERE are a number of rea-
sons to choose AFSCME over
the UAW as an instrument of
struggle. AFSCME has already
organized 2,400 service and
maintenance employees at U. of
M., and is also organizing tech-
nicians. Industrial unionism,
combining the strength of all
workers in a single industry, is
a potentially powerful weapon.
Affiliation with AFSCME would
be an important step towards
what is ultimately needed: a
single union of all campus em-
ployees, from custodians to
professors.
The university administration
has also made use of the sex-
ual oppression suffered by wo-
men in order to keep wages
down and to keep the workforce
divided. Organization against
this discrimination is long over-
due. Yet it is clear that the
present union leaderships do not
provide any adequate solutions.
Many women have hoped that
the Coalition of Labor Union
Women (CLUW) would provide
the answers.
However, CLUW is dominated
by the same labor bureaucracy,
seeking to channel the legiti-
mate aspirations of woman
workers into dead-end reformist
struggles. Refusing to support
crucial issues such as the
United Farmworkers' right to
represent agricultural workers,
these female bureaucrats ex-
pose their real motivation for
creating CLUW: to serve as a
vote-getting machine against
their male counterparts in the
union bureaucracy.
MILITANT U N I 0 N MEM-
BERS, men and women togeth-
er, must wage a struggle within
the unions to replace these mis-
leaders with a leadership based
on a class-struggle program
that not only speaks to the
day-to-day needs of the work-
ers, but which also challenges
the political rule of capital by
calling for a break with the
capitalist Democratic and Re-
publican parties and creating
instead a workers party based
on the trade unions to fight for
a workers government. An ex-
ample of the kind of opposition
their weight felt politically by
drawing the links between these
struggles, the fight against cut-
backs and student funding, and
the political tasks of the work-
ing-class.
-Janet Russ
Spartacus Youth
League
September 13
To The Daily:
WE WOULD LIKE to remind
those secretaries and clericals
at The University of Michigan
eligible to vote in the upcoming
election on the question of un-
ionization that they have three
choices, viz., representation by
the UAW, by AFSCME, or
"neither." After reading the
pros and cons of each union we
have come to the conclusion
that neither union is the right
one at this time to represent us.
Besides the complaints voiced
in earlier letters to the editor
concerning the fact that AFSC-
ME is not run democratically,
that the wages negotiated were
in some cases less than the $600
across-the-board increase made
by the University, etc., we per-
sonally noticed numerous viola-
tions of the constraints of state
law in their organizing cam
paign. Not only have they post-
ed their notices in underdesig-
nated areas in University
buildings and used the Univer-
sity campus mail to distribute
some of their literature, but
they have visited and telephon-
ed employees on University
time on a number of accasions.
One wonders if the organizers
who failed to conform to state
law would, as bargaining
agents, act in good faith to the
wishes of those whom they rep-
resent concerning a strike vote,
wages, benefits, etc., in bargain-
ing with the University or
would they do what is expedi-
ent for them?
THEY HAVE LED us to be-
lieve that we would not have to
strike, but how many union
contracts are settled without a
strike? They repeatedly empha-
size the greatness in strength
they would supposedly provide
if they not only represented cus-
todians but also clerical work-
ers, technicians and profession-
al and administrative person-
nel. Could this mean that when
one local goes on strike AFS-
CME would expect the others
to go out in sympathy even
th~ouh such an act is illegal ac-
cording to the Michigan Public
Employment Relations Act?
AFSCME surely is not an ap-
prooriate choice when so many
questions come to mind.
It is also our opinion that the
United Auto Workers is not the
proper union to represent of-
fice personnel in an educational
institution. There is such a vast
difference between an office sit-
nation and an assembly line and
we do not feel that the UAW
can represent our best interests
with their limited experience.
The thought of being swallowed
un by such a large organiza-
tion is frightening. We are a
small group with unique prob-
troit really respect our wishes
concerning a strike vote, wages,
benefits, etc.? They have been
telling us about the $90 million
strike fund that would stand
behind us, but do you know
that 30 per cent of your dues
go into the fund and if the bal-
ance drops below an amount
determined by the union lead-
ers the members are assessed
an additional amount to build
it up? If we can expect to bene-
fit from the strike fund then
must we also assume that we
would be assessed the addition-
al amount when strikes at the
auto assembly plants in Detroit
lower the balance? Since the
biggest issue seems to be mon-
ey, how can we afford it? We
would also like to point out that
one big problem in the auto-
mobile assembly plants is "blue
collar blues" brought about by
the assembly line workersbe-
ing bored to death with their
jobs due to the very narrow job
descriptions drawn up by the
union. It is of great concern to
many people. Would we be
next?
IN SUMMARY, after careful
consideration we feel that in
this election a vote of "neither"
is the only choice. The Univer-
sity cannot raise the price of a
product to make up for higher
wages; our raises will be lim-
ited whether we have a union
or not. Neither union can guar-
antee job security. The legisla-
ture will not be forced to in-
crease the state's allocation to
the University. Also when con-
tracts and grants terminate,
the money ends and no union
contract can change that.Sec-
retaries and clericals do not
have any trouble now transfer-
ing within the University when
a lack of funds makes that
necessary. The basic union phi-
losonhv of nromoting those em-
nloyees with the greatest senior-
ity blatantly discriminates
seninst those emnlovees who
are distinctly more a'ialified.
Seniority r""at not be the only
criterin. What mot+ation is
there to excel if vu neAd only
"nut in yvoir tie" We can
nnly he convinced that upinninra-
tion is a oor choice for the U
of M clericals.
In conclusion, we ure von
first of all to vote. An mcast
hallot means nothine and no
election is decided until all the
ballots are counted. Let's have
a truly democratic election and
all get out and vote. We fur-
ther urge you to expresst our
individuality and vote "neither"
in this ele(.tion.
-Concerned Secretaries
September 13
To The Daily:
AS A SECRETARY or cleri-
cal emolovee at the University
of Michigan, how long has it
been since you have had a fair
merit increase? A costof-living
raise? Any raise at all? If the
answer to any of these ues~-
tion is "too long," a union
en"ld benefit all of vonu. By be-
comin a member of a union,
vour hargainine committee will
derrated by the University for
over two years. Now, I find I'm
being underrated and (if the re-
cord speaks for itself) would
definitely be underpaid by a
union who says they want to
represent me. I'm talking
about AFSCME. I believe ac-
tions speaker . louder than
words. So far, the campaign of
the union who says they want
to represent clericals has been
run by professional and student
organizers. How can they pos-
sibly know what my needs are?
They might sympathize when
I say l make so little I quali-
fy for food stamps, but how
can they possibly understand
when they're not in a clerical's
position?
AFSCME organizers say AF-
SCME will improve our situa-
tion and they know AFSME is
just what we need. From what
I see, AFSCME has been on
the campus for several yers
but this year clericals saw the
first $600.00 raise they've ever
seen. Why? I'd be inclined to
thank the UAW's presence on
campus for that. I really re-
sent being treated like an Imbe-
cile. I'm sick of having litera-
ture crammed down my throat
by AFSCME organizers.l'm
sick of being told . can never
make as much as people who
work in a factory even though
some of the work I do closely
resembles the boring work 40e
in a factory. Why can't I make
that much? I think I deserve it
even if AFSCME doesn't.
I HAVE TWO children to feed
and I'm doing it on my own.
It's hard to work a 4 hour
week and know I won't have
enough to nay my bills. Be-
tween the University and AF-
SCME. I could probably do bet-
ter on ADC. I don't want to go
on welfare. However, unless I
start makine a living wage, I
would be better off on welfare.
The University says they are
concerned with their employees.
If thev are so concerned, why
don't they nav me enough to
live on? Tf thev are so con-
cerned, why don't they use
their edicntional facilities to
train me so I can become more
highly skilled and so I can ad-
vance to a different pay grade?
With the kind of incentive the
University offers its clericals,
it's a wonder they all aren't
wall'wine in despair.
The University sent a letter
to us. I laehed when I read it.
Thev made it sound as though
they've alwavs done their best
for "s. That seems a little ri-
dicnlons to me. Thev managed
to dig un $600.00 apiece for us
when CCFA / UAW began to
make progress on campus. How
stupid do they think we are?
I'd like to see the best the Uni-
versity can do for us! I believe
we will see this if we vote in
the UAW.
-Jane Gould
September 12
Did we ever see the peace?
IT IS PARTICULARLY interesting tok
note that while the war resisters
are wary of Ford's promises, the
Vietnam peacekeepers are in danger
of collapse. It is a curious fact that
although the Indochina pacifiers
haven't kept the peace, they have
run up quite a bill in the course of
activities beyond their authorization.
The International Commission of
Control and Supervision (ICCS) is
now wallowing in the worst finan-
cial crisis since its inception in early
1973. The ICCS has accumulated
debts of an estimated five to six mil-
lion dollars.
According to usually unreliable
State Department sources, the prob-
lem arises from the North Vietna-
mese' and National Liberation Front's
refusal to pay their shares of the
cost.
It also appears the United States
may have failed to its alotted two-
fifths of ICCS funding, choosing ra-
ther to seek out and find a conven-
ient place to lay the blame, since it
pays more for war.
But with all the natural resources
in thts nra. ofn7 Viptnn7am_ ne c i
billion dollars to Nguyen Van Thieu
to consolidate his gains in land.
Realize the fact that the state de-
partment is now giving body counts
from Vietnam, and it won't be hard
to come to the conclusion that the
peace keeping force has been a joke
all along. Even when the ceasefire
started in January of last year, the
next day there were reports from the
French that the four battalions of
Korean, Thai, and Australian rang-
ers started attacks on the North Viet-
namese and the National Liberation
Front soldiers. Under the cover of
the cease fire, Thieu has used United
States money to continue his con-
quest of land in Vietnam and the
United States has used it's money to
hire a hatchet man. One wonders
which oil company will be the first to
plant a drilling rig when the United
States and Thieu have finally cap-
tured all of the land.
SHED NO TEARS FOR the collapse
of the peace keepers of Vietnam,
people, for it was only a sham, a
mere instrument to lend respectibil-
ity to the Paris ag'reements that