Crowds
Cheer
as
Castro
Asks"
Military
... .... . ...:..
v
Seal Hunter,,
Astronauts
Hypnotized
Tribunals,
Issues Bitter
Denunciation
OfU.S.Acts
Charges Government
Allows Plane Raids
HAVANA () - Prime Minister
Fidel Castro struck against ene-
mies at home and abroad last
night,
Before several hundred thou-
sand cheering Cubans rallied for
By JOHN BARBOUR
Associated Press Science Writer
NEW YORK. The Eskimo hunt-
er, searching for seal, faces a daz-
zling kind of hypnotism as he waits
for hours in his kayak canoe.
Oddly this primitive hunter may
provide an earth-pound example
of the dangers that await man in
space, a Philadelphia psychologist
writes.
Hypnotism of the same sort may
plague the astronauts too, says
James D. Page of Temple Univer-
sity in the current issue of "The
American Psychologist."
What happens to the Eskimo is
1this:
He must sit for hours, semi-en-
cased in his kayak canoe, waiting
for the seal. He dares not move for
the slightest dip of his paddle may
frighten away seal which may be
lurking near his kayak..
Few Breaks
The only break comes if he sees
a seal at a distance. Then he must
paddle to where he believes the
* seal will next appear. The waiting
begins again. With the hope the
seal will come within harpoon
range.
Waiting, almost motionless day
in and day out, brings great fa-
tigue, mental aswell as physicaL
The bright sun shining on a
calm sea reflects into the eyes and
makes the hunter sleepy at first,
then dizzy-a sort of hypnotism in
which he forgets everything about
him.
He is unable to move his arms or
row. He may have the feeling his
kayak is sinking. He cannot bring
himself out of it, until a wind
comes up to ruffle the sea or a
fellow hunter gives his kayak a
shove to create movement.
Suffers Torture
Page quotes Peter Freuchen and
Finn Salomenson in their book
"The Arctic Year" as saying that
the Eskimo suffers extreme men-
tal torture during the spells.
After a few spells, the Eskimo
may fear his next hunting trip--
and strangely only the most. ener-,
getic of the hunters, the best men,
seem to be stricken.
Studying the problems. of the
seal-hunting Eskimo may help sci-
entists anticipate and correct pos-
sible dangers like the hypnotic
effect of space flight, he said.
r
i
FIDEL CASTRO-Last night he called for reinstatement of
military tribunals and firing- squads to deal with his enemies. The
Cuban leader did this on top of the bitterest attack he has yet
made on the United States in which he whipped the mob into a
frenzy.
CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS:
Czech,Two Americans
Receive Nobel Prizes
STOCKHOLM (A)-Communisty
Czechoslovakia got its first Nobel
Prize yesterday.
The United States, which has'
won or shared in more than 50
prizes, got anothe.r
The 1959 physics prize, as fore-
cast byunofficial sources over the
weekend, went to two American
atomic scientists - Italian-born
Dr. Emlio Segre and Dr. Owen
Chamberlain, who are attached to
the University of California at
Berkeley.
They will share $42,606 for the
discovery, through research with
the giant atom-smashing beva-
tron at Berkeley, of antiprotons.
These are negatively charged
protons that can annihilate ordi-
nary matter found on earth.
The antiproton is the negative
version of the regular proton,
which has a positive electrical
charge.
Some of the wildest dreams of
sober-minded scientists have been
generated by the discovery of the
antiproton.
One is that it possibly opens the
way toward making unlimited
power available to the world by
the controlled annihilation of
matter. This would make atomic
power old-fashioned.
The 1959 chemistry prize, worth
$42,606, was awarded a Prague
professor who gave the world's in-
dustries a lift by inventing a new
method of analyzing complicated
substances.
He is Prof. Jaroslav Heyrovsky.
The Swedish Academy of Sciences
honored him for developing since
the 1920s the polarographic meth-
od of analysis, which has proved
particularly valuable in metallur-
gical fields. A big virtue is that the
method is fast.
a show of loyalty to him, the
bearded revolutionary chief:
1) Called for reinstatement of
military trials and firing -squads
to deal with enemies rising in
Cuba against his regime.
2). Accused the United States of
weakly permitting bombings of
Cuba by planes from Florida bases
manned by dissident Cubans.
Castro then dramatically re-
ported a bomb was hurled during
the evening at the pro-government
newspaper 'Revolucion' and some
persons were wounded.
During the bitterest attack he
yet made on the United States, the
bearded rebel leader-at his angri-
est-put the question of restoring
military tribunals before a huge
crowd at a rally called to demon-
strate support for his regime.
Crowd Approves
The response was a throbbing
roar of approval from the throng.
Castro said he will put the mat-
ter to his cabinet for approval and
decree.
Castro himself had halted mili-
tary executions after nearly 600
persons were shot as enemies of
his revolution that overthrew dic-
tator Fulgencio Batista, last New
Year's Day.
Create Protest
The executions created a storm
of protest from abroad.
Castro claimed an unidentified
light plane yesterday afternoon
dropped an incendiary bomb on a
sugar mill in Western Cuba and
burned a house down.
He has shown extreme irritation
over anti-Castro leaflet raids car-
ried out from Florida since last
midweek and attributed to a for-
mer Cuban air force chief.
This time he specifically charged
a fire-bombing occurred.
Know Nothing
In Miami, American customs of-
ficials said they knew nothing of
any unauthorized flights to Cuba
by Florida-based aircraft.
Pedro Diaz Lanz, former chief
of Castro's air force, fled Cuba last
summer and is living in exile in
Miami. He is reported to have led
a leaflet raid over Havana last
Wed. when, theCuban government
said, two Cubans were killed and
about 50 injured.
Unofficial sources said the
deaths and injuries resulted from
firing by Castro forces at the leaf-
let-dropping planes and shooting
and bombings from hit-and-run
gangs from motor cars racing
around the capital's streets.
Underscores Gravity
Castro's call for the restoration
of military tribunals underscored
the gravity of the latest crisis fac-
ing his 10-month-old regime.
It was rocked last week by the
resignation of Maj. Hubert Ma-
tos, military commander of Cama-
guey Province. Castro jailed Ma-
tos after accusing him of being a
traitor.
Castro, specifically asked his
rallied supporters if they would]
approve execution for Matos.
The crowd thundered, "Firing
squads, firing squads," and Castro
replied:
U.S. Source
Notes End
Of Satellite
WASHINGTON (P)-Two United
States-made earth s a t e 111 t e s
plunged out of orbit two days
apart last week, scientific sources
said yesterday.
Presumably they burst into
flame upon rushing into the earth's
atmosphere and were destroyed
many miles above the ground.
The Air Force said its 1,700-
pound Discoverer VI satellite,
launched from Vandenberg Air
Force Base, Calif., last Aug. 19,
ceased orbiting Oct. 20 on its
965th pass around the earth.
At Cambridge, Mass., the Smith-
sonian Astrophysical Observatory
reported Explorer IV, launched
July 26, 1958, apparently fell from
its orbit last Thurs., Oct. 22.
Explorer IV, an 80-inch-long
tube weighing 38.43 pounds, was
launched from Cape Canaveral,
Fla., by the Army using a Jupiter-
C rocket. Explorer IV confirmed
existence of the so-called Van Al-
len Radiation Bands discovered by
Explorer III, and sent back to
earth new data on their intensity
and extent.
There were no formal an-
nouncements of the disappearance
of the two satellites which had
long been forecast for approxi-
mately this time.
The tracking agencies merely
informed their respective head-
quarters over the weekend, and
the information was made avail-
able in response to reporters'
queries.
China Looses
Captive Police,
Denies Charge
TOKYO (A) - Red China said
yesterday it is ready to release 10
Indian' policemen captured in
armed clashes last week on the
disputed Indian-Chinese border.
The Communists at, the same
time rejected an Indian protest
that seven of the prisoners were
taken last Wednesday in an am-
bush by Chinese troops 40 to 50,
miles inside Indian territory.
China charged that last Wednes-
day's fight was started by the in-
trusion of the Indians on Chinese
territory. Chinese troops opened
fire on them only after the In-
dians had fired two volleys, Pei-
ping Radio said.
MOSCOW (P)-The hidden side
of the moon is largely drab plains
with far fewer landmarks than we
see on its face, Russian scientists
said yesterday.
They presented this analysis of
photographs ascribed to picture-
taking apparatus aboard Lunik III
-used Oct. 7 as the Soviet rocket
station passed beyond the moon.
miles in diameter with a central
elevation clearly discernible in the
southern hemisphere."
Two big craters were reported
situatedbnorth of the lunar equa-
tor "almost on the dividing line of
the visible and
the moon."
94C
invisible parts of
I- Ai "N
Russian names are being given
eight landmarks. It""" Y D n
As presented last night on Mos-
cow TV the pictures meant little
to ordinary observers. A helpful
announcer pointed to certain
areas and said, "That is a sea...
This is a crater."
But Prof. Alexander Mikhailov
in a broadcast reported these find-
ings:
"The unseen part of the moon
is considerably more monotonous
than the side turned toward the
earth. It contains fewer seas and
fewer contrasts."
He said the general monotony
of the landscape is "beyond doubt
associated with the question of
the origin of the configuration of
the moon."
About 30 per cent of Lunik's ex-
posures showed the already chart-
ed face of the moon.
"The dark patches of the so-
called seas are clearly visible,"
Mikhailov said. "Some of them ex-
tend to the other side of the
moon."
The Russians say the pictures
were transmitted to earth over
distances up to 290,000 miles -
just when was not announced.
Among the eight features named
is "The Sea of Moscow."
TASS said this sea is a 180-
mile-wide depression north of the
lunar equator.
It was described as situated "be-
tween the 20th and 30th parallels
and the 140th and 160th merid-
ians."
Name Bay
A bay in the southern part of
this this sea has been called "The
Bay of Astronauts."
The name "Tsiolkovsky" was
given to a crater "more than 60
Second Front Page
October 27, 1959
DATA FROM LUNIK:
Reds Discuss Moon Findings
Causes .Board
To .Dissolve
WASHINGTON (P) -- A foreign
aid advisory board quit in a body
yesterday, saying that a denial of
money to pay its expenses showed
clearly that Congress wouldn't
support it.
The 13 members of the board
sent their written resignations to
President Dwight D. Eisenhower,
who appointed them last Febru-
ary. He accepted their decision
with expressions of regret.
The board - called the Inter-
national Development Advisory
Board - was established to study
how the International Coopera-
tion Administration runs the for-
eign aid program, and to make
recommendations to ICA and the
President.
Congress refused to appropriate
the $100,000 sought for the board's
expenses, including $50 a day in
pay for members when working on
board business.
They were named "Lomonosov"
and "Joliot-Curie."
Range Stretches
A mountain range stretching
south from these craters toward
the equatorial area was named
"Soviet."
"A sea called the M e c h t a
(dream) sprawls out in the south-
ern hemisphere on the very edge
of the moon'srinvisible side," Tass
said.
The eighth feature is a contin-
uation of the southern sea from
the earth-viewed side of the
moon.
A team of Soviet scientists chose
the names.
This one-nation operation is a
departure in science. The so-
called seas, mountains and craters
on the moon's side facing the
earth have been named by scien-
tists of many lands down through
the ages.
An official announcement by
the Soviet news agency said pho-
tographic apparatus aboard the
Lunik was switched on at 6:30 a.m.
Moscow' time Oct. 7 and took pic-
tures for 40 minutes.
At another poipt the Tass an-
nouncement said that "for photo-
graphing the moon the automatic
interplanetary station (a Soviet
description of the space vehicle)
was supplied with a system of
orientation and photo television
apparatus with special equipment
for automatically processing the
film."
Page 3
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