CHEATING AND
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Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom
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SNOW, COLD
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VOL. LXX, No. 100
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1960
FIVE CENTS
EIGHT PA
Discuss Language House Plan
By JOHN FISCHER
University officials on the whole
express considerable enthusiasm
for campus foreign language
houses, but have doubts concern-
ing implementation.'
"We welcome the idea most
heartily," Prof. Henry W. Nord-
meyer, chairman of the German
,department, said, when told of
the plan to have living units Where
only a foreign language is spoken
on the main floor.
"This is the psychological mo-
REVERSES DECISION:
SGC Backs
Of Present
ment" to have such houses, he
added. At the present time there
has been a nation-wide Increase
in the students enrolled in foreign
language programs.
Sees Housing Problem
Housing, however, will be a ma-
jor problem to the implementation,
Assistant Dean of Men Jack Hale
said. University . sponsored off-
campus housing is probably out of
the question, he said, as such
housing has been difficult to find.
He referred to the University's
ipring Use
iount Rules
Reversing action taken last week, Student Government Council
voted Wednesday to use last semester's count rules for its elections
March 15 and 16.
Members felt the old system made it certain that relatively large
minorities would receive representation, while the proposed new
system would allow the election of "slates" of candidates by small
majorities.
Both the present count rules and those approved last week are
based on the system of counting ballots for one candidate at a time
in the order in which the voter listed them. In the defeated system,
once a candidate had been elected, all his votes would be passed on
Panel Views
Honors Plan
By KATHLEEN MOORE
College honors students consti-
tute "the group of students that
comes closest to being the Renais-
sance Man," John W. Hollenbach,
vice-president of Hope College,
said here yesterday.
A panel member at the "En-
richment or Acceleration -
Which?" session of the Michigan
Association of Church-Related
Colleges, Hollenbach said univer-
sities and colleges "should accel-
crate the student to learn as much
as he can as quickly as he can,
but should avoid "rushing him
past broa bourses in college" into
his field of concentration.
Prof. Robert C. Angell, of the
sociology department and director
of the literary college Honors
Council, agreed. The Council,
which directs the honors program
for lower classmen here, is re-
luctant to see a student acceler-
ate his college career in order to
enter a graduate or professional
school early because "he becomes
a specialist too soon."
Supports Acceleration
But Prof. E. Lowell Kelly, chair-
man of the psychology depart-
ment, said colleges should "accept
the inevitability of acceleration"
among their superior students.
Prof. Kelly said honors quality
students should be allowed to
graduate early, if they wish, for
"They're the kind of people who
are likely to continue to learn aft-
er they've gotten their degree."
And, particularly in scientific
fields, youth is a major factor in
determining a person's creativ-
ity an dproductivity. "These fel-
lows are going to do their best
work" during the years imme-
diately after college.
Enrich Own Courses
Insisting that "Acceleration and
enrichment" are inseparable in a
program for honors students, Prof.
Kelly added that the students "do
quite a job of enriching their
courses without our pushing it
too much."
Panel members generally agreed
that it was much simpler to en-
rich courses without forging
ahead to advanced subject mat-
ter in humanities than in natural
sciences or mathematics.
Students can simply be assigned
increased reading and discussion
in Renaissance literature for an;
English course, but acceleration in
"those fields where there is a
nautral progression from the
simple to the very complex" is in-
evitable, Prof. Kelly said.
Prof. Robert W. Parry of the
chemistry department admitted
that the content of more ad-
vanced courses is often included in
an honors math course. But the
director of the Unified Science
program also insisted that such
courses provide a "penetration in
depth" that is missing from the
average class.
Correlates Subjects
The Unified Science program
ncludes a "highly mathematicalf
to the candidate ranked next,
while in the approved system only
the number of votes above the
quota needed for election would be
redistributed.
Jo Hardee, '60, representing The
Daily in the absence of Editor
Thomas Turner, '60, said an
analysis of the ballots in a pre-
vious election had shown the old
system did give more representa-
tion to minorities and prevent the
election of "slates" by bare ma-
jorities.
Supporters of the proposed new
rules said the evils of this system
would be balanced by the evil in
the old system of inequitable
weighting for second-ranked can-
didates on loser's ballots more
heavily than on winner's ballots,
resulting in greater representation
for minorities.
Consider Proposals
In the continuing consideration
of discriminatory practices on
campus, the Council welcomes
further proposals for action, Presi-
ident John Feldkamp, '61, said.
Following the procedure adopted
on Feb. 27, letters are being sent
to presidents of all recognized or-
ganizations and other interested
parties requesting written state-
ments of position, point of view
or information they would like the
Council to consider in the area of
restrictive practices, Feldkamp an-
nounced.
The next step in the procedure
for considering possible revision
of the 1949 ruling on discrimina-
tory practices is the publication
of a general statement inviting
interested parties to submit briefs,
and, if they wish, to discuss their
briefs with SGC.
Exam Schedule
In other action, the Council
passed a motion requesting that
SGC be allowed to review the
spring exam schedule before its
final approval and publication.
The Council also calendared and
approved the "Anti-Military Ball"
or "Peacemakers' Prance," to be
held on Mach 5, the same night as
the annual "Military Ball." The
event is sponsored by the Young
Friends, a Quaker student group.
problems in finding a replacement
for Fletcher Hall as an example
of this problem.
In the Residence Halls system,
Hale said, Housing would only be
possible with Board of Governor's
approval.
Hale saw hope for a language
house, if a plan for freshman and
upperclass housing is accepted by
the Board at their next meeting. It
may be possible for one of the
upperclass houses to become a
language house, he explained.
Future Implementation
In view of administrative red
tape and other plans, Hale said
that, at best, the earliest date for
implementation would be Septem-
ber, 1961.
Another problem facing these
houses concerns membership. Al-
though the three major foreign
languages have over a thousand
students enrolled, University offi-
cials see a number of factors cut-
ting down this number.
The most obvious is that half of
the language students are in the
men's residences and half in the
women's. In addition, a sizeable
percentage are affiliated.
After the uniniterested students
are eliminated the number be-
comes mch smaller. Some Uni-
versity officials predict the number
would range between 30 and 50,
per language. Consequently there
could be a language house for both'
the men's and women's residence
hall systems, Hale said.
Separate Quarters
With this plan, each foreign
language group could live on a
separate floor or corridor and
could reserve the house lounge for
practice sessions.
As far as staff members for
the houses are concerned, two
plans were proposed. Hale said the
foreign language departments,
could recommend unmarried grad-
uate students to the Residence
Hall administration for approval.
See OFFICIALS, Page 5
Give Report
On Cheating
The Student Committee on
Honesty has drafted a statement
"to illustrate what is generally
considered as cheating."
The 10-member group of liter-
ary college seniors currently in-
vestigating student behavior and
attitude toward cheating defined
cheating as "the student's pre-
senting someone else's work or
See Complete Text, Page 2
thinking as his own or his at-
tempt in any manner to deceive."
According to the committee,
cheating falls into two categories
- "conscious cheating" which is
"either spontaneous or premedi-
tated" and the kind indulged in
by "the group of students who
think they're being honest but ac-
tually are deceiving themselves."
ly are deceiving themselves."
Descriptions of what constitutes
cheating in the statement range
from outright cribbing and "dry
labbing" to "memorizing an old
quiz before the test" and unin-
tentional plagiarism.
The committee has also includ-
ed in its statement the conse-
quences of cheating.
Court Hits
Con-Con
Vote Use
The State Supreme Court yeste-
day halted a movement to author-
ize calling a constitutional con-
vention by virtue of a 1958 vote
favoring such action.
The court reaffirmed a decision
of its own in 1949 in ruling that
approval of the convention ques-
tion required an affirmative vote
by a majority of all those voting,
not just by those voting on the
question.
In its unanimous decision the
court stood firmly behind the
state's constitution. "This court
does not have the jurisdiction to
change the constitution," Justice
Talbot Smith of Ann Arbor wrote
in the opinion.
A dissenting opinion was earlier
submitted by Justice Eugene
Black, but was not included on the
record yesterday.
May Indicate Stand
Observers felt the decision may
indicate the stand the court will
take on a suit by AFL-CIO Presi-
dent August Scholle which would
force reapportionment of the
state Senate.
Opposing the suit is Attorney
General Paul L. Adams, who holds
that the people, rather than the
court, should decide whether or
not to change the 1952 constitu-
tional amendment organizing the
present Senatorial districts.
"Our duty is not to draft a con-
stitution but to uphold the one
adopted by the people" Smith
stated. "If it is to be changed, it
must be changed by the sovereign
power that created it, the people."
Denied Writ
The court's decision was writ-
ten to deny a writ sought by Carl
P. Stoliker of Port Huron. Stoli-
ker's lawyer, Peter E. Bradt, ar-
gued that the con-con proposal
should have carried in the 1958
vote in which 821,282 ballots fa-
vored it and 608,365 opposed it.
In replying to Bradt, Smith's
opinion said the existing constitu-
tion is a "sacred and invulnerable
document.
"It has been purchased at a
staggering cost," he said.
Fear 'Easy Change'
"In short, it has been feared
that easy change might degrade
our constitutional principles to the
level of statutes, some of which
are hastily drawn and reflect ex-
cessive and partisan zeal."
In expressing reluctance to re-
vamp the constitution, Smith
pointed out that Daniel Webster
at one time denied it was ever
necessary to revise an entire ocn-
stitution once a government had
been framed and opposed even
providing the means for such ac-
tion.
The court's 13-page opinion was
expected to assume a prominent
position in the upcoming election-
year controversy over a constitu-
tional revision.
Justice Black's dissenting opin-
ion was ordered struck by the
clerk from the public record after
it had been submitted long before
any arguments had been aired on
the Stoliker case.
Black, who has been crusading
for con-con for more than a de-
cade, wrote his opinion Jan. 5
which shattered court precedent
with its early introduction. He
said the court was too "leisurely"
on the matter.
Sao
Witi
Paulo W
of
50011",000
THROUGH LEGISLATOR'S EYES:
Plane Cras,
Study Notes Interest Groups
Rain Darken
Day in Brazil
By PHILIP SHERMAN
College-educated state legisla-
tors are generally more receptive
to pressure groups than less-edu-
cated ones, a recent survey re-
veals.
In fact, the best way to become
friendly to pressure groups is "to
go to a liberal arts school and
then quit," Prof. John Wahlke of
Vanderbilt University told I+#
night's political science depa,-
ment Roundtable.
Anoher finding of the State
Legislative Research Project of
which Prof. Wahlke was a mem-
ber, is that legislators "who are
ideologically neutral where econ-
omic interests are concerned,"
are more likely to be receptive to
pressure groups than those who
are either pro-business or pro-
labor.
Of the latter groups, pro-busi-
ness legislators tend to be more
receptive to pressure group acti-
vity, than pro-labor ones.
Also, receptiveness to pressure
groups tends to increase with in-
creasing legislative service.
Legislators Grouped
The survey was carried out
among legislators of four states-
California, New Jersey, Ohio and
Tennessee - and divided all legis-
lators interviewed into three
groups-
1) "Facilitators" who tend to
favor pressure group activity, and
know a lot about it.
2) "Neutrals" who either know
little about pressure groups, or1
have little preference for or a
against them.
3) "Resistors" who tend to op-
pose pressure group activity, and
know a lot about it.
Use Role Theory
Out of a total of 448 legislatorsj
they interviewed, the survey found
37 per cent to be "facilitators,"
37 per cent to be "neutrals" and
26 per cent to be "resistors," Pof.
Wahlke reported.
Basis of the survey was "role
Economics
Series Set
The economics department yes-
terday released the schedule for
the second half of this year's lec-
ture series.
The object of the series has
been to bring outstanding young
economists to the University to
give a popular address and later
to lead a more technical seminar..
Prof. Harry C. Johnson of the
University of Chicago will speak
March 17; Prof. Joseph J. Speng-
ler of Duke University, April 5;
Prof. Herbert A. Simon of Car-
negie Institute of Technology,
May 5 and Prof. Paul Samuelson
of Massachusetts Institute of
Technology will lecture May 19.
President Praises
American Capital
In Latin Countries
elcomes
GROUP THEORY-It was the ba
Wahlke of Vanderbilt described
department. The survey probed th
and state legislatures by getting1
relationship to the lobbyists.
theory" which assumes that all+
persons have concepts of their
particular places in the inter-re-d
lationships of society, and that
these concepts affect behavior. ;
People tend to act according to;
status, and expect others to do
the same, Prof. Wahlke explained,,
legislators not excepted.
Show Concepts
Interviews with the legislators,
showed their concepts of their.
Sarti Views
Politics Roots
By CAROLINE DOW
"The roots of modern European
party politics lie in the movement"
of anti-Fascism," Sandro Sarti,
of Italy, told the Political Issues
Club last night.
Sarti traced the anti-Fascist
movement from the guerrilla war-
fare against the German armies
to the strong Communist influ-
ence in today's Italy, taking the;
point of view that Communism
grew in strength as it gave logical
direction to the anti-Fascist
movement.
Strong Marxism, in Europe,
would be considered a reaction to
Fascism as it "offered logical
explanations for the situation of
Italy."
Peasants Were Cynical
"The Italian peasants and pet-
ty officers were cynical and did
not know what they were fighting
for." Marxism explained why in
terms of class which they could
understand, Sarti said.
Communism, he said, offered a
cultu'ally logical explanation of
the deplorable situation of Italy
in perfect Communist jargon.
"The Marxist system took in
all the culture of modern Italy.
Da Vinci painted in order lines-
the tangled lines of impressionist
painting reveals that there is
something happening to society,"
Sarti said.
Society Disrupted
This disruption of classes andt
society, he added could be fit into
the democratic equality of exis-
tentialism. "The essence of ex-
istentialism is that the dignity
of man lies in his being coehre-
ent to his role," and that role is
of a non-privileged individual re-
ported Sarti.+
Sarti pointed out that as the
anti-Fascists found legal reasons
to fight against Nazism and took
the law into their own hands, they
became leaders.
When asked to identify fascism,
Sarti replied, "whereever there is
an element of irriationality look
out for Fascism. People shouting,
slnans are a svmtom of this.,
Ike
E
-Daily-Kurt Metzger
asis for a study which Prof. John
at last night's political science
he relationship of pressure groups
the legislators' concepts of their
own roles, which help to explain
how they feel about pressure
group activity.
Examination of the legislator's
self-conceived role in his relation-
ship with pressure groups and
their representatives is only one
component of their total role,
however, he added.
The institutional influences on
the legislator's role are particular-
ly important, and the survey at-
tempts to reach conclusions about
the institutions through behavior-
al data.
Assume Importance
The basic beginning question is,
assuming the contemporary im-
portance of pressure group acti-
vity ,how the relationship of legis-
lator and lobbyist will affect rep-
resentation of interests and auth-
ority of governments.
Hypotheses suggested by the
survey, Prof. Wahlke said, include
a suggestion that the idea of in-
terest group warfare being reflect-
ed in legislatures may not be
wholly true.
Another is that once a political
structure is erected, certain values
tend to freeze around it, and tend
to be preserved.
Preparing
Called Long
"Preparation of college teachers
is a lifelong process," Prof. Allan
0. Pfnister of the education school
said yesterday at the annual con-
ference of the Michigan Associa-
tion of Church-Related Colleges.
"In the undergraduate school the
student is introduced to the sub-
ject matter and is assisted toward
the philosophy of knowledge."
However, "less than one-third
of college teachers in one study
reported that the desire to enter
college teaching came in under-
graduate college."
"The graduate school gives the
student more tools, and more in-
sight," Prof. Pfnister added.
"About 75 pre cent of college
teachers choose their profession
before completing graduate study."
"The employing institution,"
Prof. Pfnister suggested, "may
have the greatest responsibility in
providing the opportunity for the
teacher to continue ,to grow and
create.
"The faculty member should
publish and come before his peers
as well as before his students. The
amount of emphasis upon publica-
tion should vary with institutions,
for the demands to publish could
at times come, into conflict with
the demands to teach."
. Although "no level of formal
catrinvi cwhollynel vpnnnngihl fnr
RIO DE JANEIRO M/P) - Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower bared
his head to the rain in Sao Paulo
yesterday and beamed at the most
enthusiastic acclaim he has got-
ten so far on his South American
tour.
A half million or more cheered
him along drenched, confetti-
strewn streets.
A few hours later a pall was
cast over his personal triumphs by
an aerial tragedy at Rio de Ja-
neiro, the collision of a plane car-
rying United States Navy bands-
men and a Brazilian commercial
craft. The musicians were flying
in to Rio to appear last night at
Eisenhower's United States Em-
bassy dinner for Pres. Juscelino
Kubitschek of Brazil.
Flies to Sao Paulo
Eisenhower made a flying trip
from Rio, Brazil's political cap-
ital, to Sao Paulo, the industrial
capital, for an activity-packed,
six-hour visit that - despite the
rain - caused a stir exceeding
even that of his official welcome
here Wednesday.
While in Sao Paulo he rapped
the Communist sphere's economic
methods and extolled free enter-
prise in a luncheon address before
1,200 businessmen and officials.
"Sheer material wealth can of
course be accumulated and scien-
tific miracles achieved by authoi-
tarian methods," he said. "But
let us not be misled by the boasts
which fill the air. The produc-
tion of goods - either capital or
consumer goods - is not an end
in itself ... faced with no other
choice, we would choose poverty
In freedom rather than prosperity
in slavery.
Freedom 'Productive'
"But of course we need make
no such choice, for freedom in
the long run yields also the most
productive economic system ever
devised."
Eisenhower told the gathering--
inc lu d in g managers of some
branches of United States con-
panies manufacturing their prod.
ucts here for Brazilian distribu-
tion - he was happy to see "the
important contributions which
United States capital has made
to the prosperity of Sao Paulo and
Brazil."
"It cannot be a coincidence
that this area, in which foreign
capital is most heavily concen-
trated, is also the most prosper-
ous in Brazil," he said.
Eisenhower pledged that,"with-
in our financial and economic ca-
pacity, we shall continue to sup-
port Brazilian development."
Eisenhower flies today to Argen-
tina, the second nation on his
four-nation, 10-day good will
tour. Then he goes on to Chile
and Uruguay.
Says Politics
Fails To Pick
Best Leaders
NEW YORK (A') - The presi-
dent of the Associated Press, Ben-
jamin M. McKelway, said last
night the American political sys-
tem perhaps "does not produce
as candidates the men who really
make the ablest presidents."
McKelway, editor of the Wash-
ington Star, quoted Lord Bryce,
the British historian, as saying
of American politics:
"To a (political) party, it is
more important that its nominee
should be a good candidate than
he should turn out to be a good
President."
"In other words," McKelway
commented, "the immediate thing
is n ot a candidate who will win.
STORM OF SEASON:
Snow and Wind Greet Students
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