CHEATING AND INTELLECTUAL FERVOR See Page 4 Y AOF A& 'ANP 4AX Wbe-MM "RIF' lw I r4 t J. t Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom ii SNOW, COLD High-2s Low-1 Snow diminishing to flurries; not much temperature change. VOL. LXX, No. 100 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1960 FIVE CENTS EIGHT PA Discuss Language House Plan By JOHN FISCHER University officials on the whole express considerable enthusiasm for campus foreign language houses, but have doubts concern- ing implementation.' "We welcome the idea most heartily," Prof. Henry W. Nord- meyer, chairman of the German ,department, said, when told of the plan to have living units Where only a foreign language is spoken on the main floor. "This is the psychological mo- REVERSES DECISION: SGC Backs Of Present ment" to have such houses, he added. At the present time there has been a nation-wide Increase in the students enrolled in foreign language programs. Sees Housing Problem Housing, however, will be a ma- jor problem to the implementation, Assistant Dean of Men Jack Hale said. University . sponsored off- campus housing is probably out of the question, he said, as such housing has been difficult to find. He referred to the University's ipring Use iount Rules Reversing action taken last week, Student Government Council voted Wednesday to use last semester's count rules for its elections March 15 and 16. Members felt the old system made it certain that relatively large minorities would receive representation, while the proposed new system would allow the election of "slates" of candidates by small majorities. Both the present count rules and those approved last week are based on the system of counting ballots for one candidate at a time in the order in which the voter listed them. In the defeated system, once a candidate had been elected, all his votes would be passed on Panel Views Honors Plan By KATHLEEN MOORE College honors students consti- tute "the group of students that comes closest to being the Renais- sance Man," John W. Hollenbach, vice-president of Hope College, said here yesterday. A panel member at the "En- richment or Acceleration - Which?" session of the Michigan Association of Church-Related Colleges, Hollenbach said univer- sities and colleges "should accel- crate the student to learn as much as he can as quickly as he can, but should avoid "rushing him past broa bourses in college" into his field of concentration. Prof. Robert C. Angell, of the sociology department and director of the literary college Honors Council, agreed. The Council, which directs the honors program for lower classmen here, is re- luctant to see a student acceler- ate his college career in order to enter a graduate or professional school early because "he becomes a specialist too soon." Supports Acceleration But Prof. E. Lowell Kelly, chair- man of the psychology depart- ment, said colleges should "accept the inevitability of acceleration" among their superior students. Prof. Kelly said honors quality students should be allowed to graduate early, if they wish, for "They're the kind of people who are likely to continue to learn aft- er they've gotten their degree." And, particularly in scientific fields, youth is a major factor in determining a person's creativ- ity an dproductivity. "These fel- lows are going to do their best work" during the years imme- diately after college. Enrich Own Courses Insisting that "Acceleration and enrichment" are inseparable in a program for honors students, Prof. Kelly added that the students "do quite a job of enriching their courses without our pushing it too much." Panel members generally agreed that it was much simpler to en- rich courses without forging ahead to advanced subject mat- ter in humanities than in natural sciences or mathematics. Students can simply be assigned increased reading and discussion in Renaissance literature for an; English course, but acceleration in "those fields where there is a nautral progression from the simple to the very complex" is in- evitable, Prof. Kelly said. Prof. Robert W. Parry of the chemistry department admitted that the content of more ad- vanced courses is often included in an honors math course. But the director of the Unified Science program also insisted that such courses provide a "penetration in depth" that is missing from the average class. Correlates Subjects The Unified Science program ncludes a "highly mathematicalf to the candidate ranked next, while in the approved system only the number of votes above the quota needed for election would be redistributed. Jo Hardee, '60, representing The Daily in the absence of Editor Thomas Turner, '60, said an analysis of the ballots in a pre- vious election had shown the old system did give more representa- tion to minorities and prevent the election of "slates" by bare ma- jorities. Supporters of the proposed new rules said the evils of this system would be balanced by the evil in the old system of inequitable weighting for second-ranked can- didates on loser's ballots more heavily than on winner's ballots, resulting in greater representation for minorities. Consider Proposals In the continuing consideration of discriminatory practices on campus, the Council welcomes further proposals for action, Presi- ident John Feldkamp, '61, said. Following the procedure adopted on Feb. 27, letters are being sent to presidents of all recognized or- ganizations and other interested parties requesting written state- ments of position, point of view or information they would like the Council to consider in the area of restrictive practices, Feldkamp an- nounced. The next step in the procedure for considering possible revision of the 1949 ruling on discrimina- tory practices is the publication of a general statement inviting interested parties to submit briefs, and, if they wish, to discuss their briefs with SGC. Exam Schedule In other action, the Council passed a motion requesting that SGC be allowed to review the spring exam schedule before its final approval and publication. The Council also calendared and approved the "Anti-Military Ball" or "Peacemakers' Prance," to be held on Mach 5, the same night as the annual "Military Ball." The event is sponsored by the Young Friends, a Quaker student group. problems in finding a replacement for Fletcher Hall as an example of this problem. In the Residence Halls system, Hale said, Housing would only be possible with Board of Governor's approval. Hale saw hope for a language house, if a plan for freshman and upperclass housing is accepted by the Board at their next meeting. It may be possible for one of the upperclass houses to become a language house, he explained. Future Implementation In view of administrative red tape and other plans, Hale said that, at best, the earliest date for implementation would be Septem- ber, 1961. Another problem facing these houses concerns membership. Al- though the three major foreign languages have over a thousand students enrolled, University offi- cials see a number of factors cut- ting down this number. The most obvious is that half of the language students are in the men's residences and half in the women's. In addition, a sizeable percentage are affiliated. After the uniniterested students are eliminated the number be- comes mch smaller. Some Uni- versity officials predict the number would range between 30 and 50, per language. Consequently there could be a language house for both' the men's and women's residence hall systems, Hale said. Separate Quarters With this plan, each foreign language group could live on a separate floor or corridor and could reserve the house lounge for practice sessions. As far as staff members for the houses are concerned, two plans were proposed. Hale said the foreign language departments, could recommend unmarried grad- uate students to the Residence Hall administration for approval. See OFFICIALS, Page 5 Give Report On Cheating The Student Committee on Honesty has drafted a statement "to illustrate what is generally considered as cheating." The 10-member group of liter- ary college seniors currently in- vestigating student behavior and attitude toward cheating defined cheating as "the student's pre- senting someone else's work or See Complete Text, Page 2 thinking as his own or his at- tempt in any manner to deceive." According to the committee, cheating falls into two categories - "conscious cheating" which is "either spontaneous or premedi- tated" and the kind indulged in by "the group of students who think they're being honest but ac- tually are deceiving themselves." ly are deceiving themselves." Descriptions of what constitutes cheating in the statement range from outright cribbing and "dry labbing" to "memorizing an old quiz before the test" and unin- tentional plagiarism. The committee has also includ- ed in its statement the conse- quences of cheating. Court Hits Con-Con Vote Use The State Supreme Court yeste- day halted a movement to author- ize calling a constitutional con- vention by virtue of a 1958 vote favoring such action. The court reaffirmed a decision of its own in 1949 in ruling that approval of the convention ques- tion required an affirmative vote by a majority of all those voting, not just by those voting on the question. In its unanimous decision the court stood firmly behind the state's constitution. "This court does not have the jurisdiction to change the constitution," Justice Talbot Smith of Ann Arbor wrote in the opinion. A dissenting opinion was earlier submitted by Justice Eugene Black, but was not included on the record yesterday. May Indicate Stand Observers felt the decision may indicate the stand the court will take on a suit by AFL-CIO Presi- dent August Scholle which would force reapportionment of the state Senate. Opposing the suit is Attorney General Paul L. Adams, who holds that the people, rather than the court, should decide whether or not to change the 1952 constitu- tional amendment organizing the present Senatorial districts. "Our duty is not to draft a con- stitution but to uphold the one adopted by the people" Smith stated. "If it is to be changed, it must be changed by the sovereign power that created it, the people." Denied Writ The court's decision was writ- ten to deny a writ sought by Carl P. Stoliker of Port Huron. Stoli- ker's lawyer, Peter E. Bradt, ar- gued that the con-con proposal should have carried in the 1958 vote in which 821,282 ballots fa- vored it and 608,365 opposed it. In replying to Bradt, Smith's opinion said the existing constitu- tion is a "sacred and invulnerable document. "It has been purchased at a staggering cost," he said. Fear 'Easy Change' "In short, it has been feared that easy change might degrade our constitutional principles to the level of statutes, some of which are hastily drawn and reflect ex- cessive and partisan zeal." In expressing reluctance to re- vamp the constitution, Smith pointed out that Daniel Webster at one time denied it was ever necessary to revise an entire ocn- stitution once a government had been framed and opposed even providing the means for such ac- tion. The court's 13-page opinion was expected to assume a prominent position in the upcoming election- year controversy over a constitu- tional revision. Justice Black's dissenting opin- ion was ordered struck by the clerk from the public record after it had been submitted long before any arguments had been aired on the Stoliker case. Black, who has been crusading for con-con for more than a de- cade, wrote his opinion Jan. 5 which shattered court precedent with its early introduction. He said the court was too "leisurely" on the matter. Sao Witi Paulo W of 50011",000 THROUGH LEGISLATOR'S EYES: Plane Cras, Study Notes Interest Groups Rain Darken Day in Brazil By PHILIP SHERMAN College-educated state legisla- tors are generally more receptive to pressure groups than less-edu- cated ones, a recent survey re- veals. In fact, the best way to become friendly to pressure groups is "to go to a liberal arts school and then quit," Prof. John Wahlke of Vanderbilt University told I+# night's political science depa,- ment Roundtable. Anoher finding of the State Legislative Research Project of which Prof. Wahlke was a mem- ber, is that legislators "who are ideologically neutral where econ- omic interests are concerned," are more likely to be receptive to pressure groups than those who are either pro-business or pro- labor. Of the latter groups, pro-busi- ness legislators tend to be more receptive to pressure group acti- vity, than pro-labor ones. Also, receptiveness to pressure groups tends to increase with in- creasing legislative service. Legislators Grouped The survey was carried out among legislators of four states- California, New Jersey, Ohio and Tennessee - and divided all legis- lators interviewed into three groups- 1) "Facilitators" who tend to favor pressure group activity, and know a lot about it. 2) "Neutrals" who either know little about pressure groups, or1 have little preference for or a against them. 3) "Resistors" who tend to op- pose pressure group activity, and know a lot about it. Use Role Theory Out of a total of 448 legislatorsj they interviewed, the survey found 37 per cent to be "facilitators," 37 per cent to be "neutrals" and 26 per cent to be "resistors," Pof. Wahlke reported. Basis of the survey was "role Economics Series Set The economics department yes- terday released the schedule for the second half of this year's lec- ture series. The object of the series has been to bring outstanding young economists to the University to give a popular address and later to lead a more technical seminar.. Prof. Harry C. Johnson of the University of Chicago will speak March 17; Prof. Joseph J. Speng- ler of Duke University, April 5; Prof. Herbert A. Simon of Car- negie Institute of Technology, May 5 and Prof. Paul Samuelson of Massachusetts Institute of Technology will lecture May 19. President Praises American Capital In Latin Countries elcomes GROUP THEORY-It was the ba Wahlke of Vanderbilt described department. The survey probed th and state legislatures by getting1 relationship to the lobbyists. theory" which assumes that all+ persons have concepts of their particular places in the inter-re-d lationships of society, and that these concepts affect behavior. ; People tend to act according to; status, and expect others to do the same, Prof. Wahlke explained,, legislators not excepted. Show Concepts Interviews with the legislators, showed their concepts of their. Sarti Views Politics Roots By CAROLINE DOW "The roots of modern European party politics lie in the movement" of anti-Fascism," Sandro Sarti, of Italy, told the Political Issues Club last night. Sarti traced the anti-Fascist movement from the guerrilla war- fare against the German armies to the strong Communist influ- ence in today's Italy, taking the; point of view that Communism grew in strength as it gave logical direction to the anti-Fascist movement. Strong Marxism, in Europe, would be considered a reaction to Fascism as it "offered logical explanations for the situation of Italy." Peasants Were Cynical "The Italian peasants and pet- ty officers were cynical and did not know what they were fighting for." Marxism explained why in terms of class which they could understand, Sarti said. Communism, he said, offered a cultu'ally logical explanation of the deplorable situation of Italy in perfect Communist jargon. "The Marxist system took in all the culture of modern Italy. Da Vinci painted in order lines- the tangled lines of impressionist painting reveals that there is something happening to society," Sarti said. Society Disrupted This disruption of classes andt society, he added could be fit into the democratic equality of exis- tentialism. "The essence of ex- istentialism is that the dignity of man lies in his being coehre- ent to his role," and that role is of a non-privileged individual re- ported Sarti.+ Sarti pointed out that as the anti-Fascists found legal reasons to fight against Nazism and took the law into their own hands, they became leaders. When asked to identify fascism, Sarti replied, "whereever there is an element of irriationality look out for Fascism. People shouting, slnans are a svmtom of this., Ike E -Daily-Kurt Metzger asis for a study which Prof. John at last night's political science he relationship of pressure groups the legislators' concepts of their own roles, which help to explain how they feel about pressure group activity. Examination of the legislator's self-conceived role in his relation- ship with pressure groups and their representatives is only one component of their total role, however, he added. The institutional influences on the legislator's role are particular- ly important, and the survey at- tempts to reach conclusions about the institutions through behavior- al data. Assume Importance The basic beginning question is, assuming the contemporary im- portance of pressure group acti- vity ,how the relationship of legis- lator and lobbyist will affect rep- resentation of interests and auth- ority of governments. Hypotheses suggested by the survey, Prof. Wahlke said, include a suggestion that the idea of in- terest group warfare being reflect- ed in legislatures may not be wholly true. Another is that once a political structure is erected, certain values tend to freeze around it, and tend to be preserved. Preparing Called Long "Preparation of college teachers is a lifelong process," Prof. Allan 0. Pfnister of the education school said yesterday at the annual con- ference of the Michigan Associa- tion of Church-Related Colleges. "In the undergraduate school the student is introduced to the sub- ject matter and is assisted toward the philosophy of knowledge." However, "less than one-third of college teachers in one study reported that the desire to enter college teaching came in under- graduate college." "The graduate school gives the student more tools, and more in- sight," Prof. Pfnister added. "About 75 pre cent of college teachers choose their profession before completing graduate study." "The employing institution," Prof. Pfnister suggested, "may have the greatest responsibility in providing the opportunity for the teacher to continue ,to grow and create. "The faculty member should publish and come before his peers as well as before his students. The amount of emphasis upon publica- tion should vary with institutions, for the demands to publish could at times come, into conflict with the demands to teach." . Although "no level of formal catrinvi cwhollynel vpnnnngihl fnr RIO DE JANEIRO M/P) - Presi- dent Dwight D. Eisenhower bared his head to the rain in Sao Paulo yesterday and beamed at the most enthusiastic acclaim he has got- ten so far on his South American tour. A half million or more cheered him along drenched, confetti- strewn streets. A few hours later a pall was cast over his personal triumphs by an aerial tragedy at Rio de Ja- neiro, the collision of a plane car- rying United States Navy bands- men and a Brazilian commercial craft. The musicians were flying in to Rio to appear last night at Eisenhower's United States Em- bassy dinner for Pres. Juscelino Kubitschek of Brazil. Flies to Sao Paulo Eisenhower made a flying trip from Rio, Brazil's political cap- ital, to Sao Paulo, the industrial capital, for an activity-packed, six-hour visit that - despite the rain - caused a stir exceeding even that of his official welcome here Wednesday. While in Sao Paulo he rapped the Communist sphere's economic methods and extolled free enter- prise in a luncheon address before 1,200 businessmen and officials. "Sheer material wealth can of course be accumulated and scien- tific miracles achieved by authoi- tarian methods," he said. "But let us not be misled by the boasts which fill the air. The produc- tion of goods - either capital or consumer goods - is not an end in itself ... faced with no other choice, we would choose poverty In freedom rather than prosperity in slavery. Freedom 'Productive' "But of course we need make no such choice, for freedom in the long run yields also the most productive economic system ever devised." Eisenhower told the gathering-- inc lu d in g managers of some branches of United States con- panies manufacturing their prod. ucts here for Brazilian distribu- tion - he was happy to see "the important contributions which United States capital has made to the prosperity of Sao Paulo and Brazil." "It cannot be a coincidence that this area, in which foreign capital is most heavily concen- trated, is also the most prosper- ous in Brazil," he said. Eisenhower pledged that,"with- in our financial and economic ca- pacity, we shall continue to sup- port Brazilian development." Eisenhower flies today to Argen- tina, the second nation on his four-nation, 10-day good will tour. Then he goes on to Chile and Uruguay. Says Politics Fails To Pick Best Leaders NEW YORK (A') - The presi- dent of the Associated Press, Ben- jamin M. McKelway, said last night the American political sys- tem perhaps "does not produce as candidates the men who really make the ablest presidents." McKelway, editor of the Wash- ington Star, quoted Lord Bryce, the British historian, as saying of American politics: "To a (political) party, it is more important that its nominee should be a good candidate than he should turn out to be a good President." "In other words," McKelway commented, "the immediate thing is n ot a candidate who will win. STORM OF SEASON: Snow and Wind Greet Students i ii . I { ....; 3. . . .. . .. ..f ..... ..:... ... .. . . ..' '.:: { ! x '' ! .. t,- ' { r: .F.., ,r . rr.,. .,. 1.: r.., ....: . ... ... ..: . '..;. ... .. .................. . .... .... .. ..LaWYG.' . ia:'.;:.. ... ........ }4::...: .. .. .. ........... :: ;.