FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1963
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
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DRAFT DISPUTE:
Selective Service Criticized for Operating Unfairly
O,9
By ROBERT HIPPLER
Congressional extension of the
draft for an additional four years
and administration action, tight-
ening up draft requirements, have
focused increasing criticism on
the Selective Service System.
A recent New York Times Mag-
azine article summarizes various
criticisms of the draft ranging
from claims that it is unneces-
sary to ones that it is a wasteful
injustice.
Many claim the draft is too
selective-out of a pool of 1.3 mil-
lion potential draftees last year,
only 8,000 were actually inducted.
Criticize Process
This and criticsms of the selec-
tive service process have caused a
number of people to campaign
for the elimination of the draft,
placing the armed forces on a
professional, voluntary basis only.
The Times article lists a number
of proposed changes in the armed
forces to obtain such anorganiza-
tion :
-Raising pay for men at all
levels,
--Reinstating the educational
benefits for GIs provided by the
GI Bill,
-Allowing college graduates to
fulfill their military obligation by
teaching for the government for
three years.
Others have suggested retaining
the draft but decreasing its selec-
tivity. Some proposed ways of do-
ing this have been:
-Creating a Civilian Conserva-
tion Corps, with a "therapeutic"
division for 4-F's, to work on do-
mestic public works projects.
-Lowering the draft age limit
from 26 to 24, for example, while
continuing to call up the same
number .of men. This would de-
crease the proportion of draftees
to potential draftees, and thus de-
crease arbitrary selectivity.
-Giving physical and mental
tests to determine whether or not
a person is 4-F at he time of regis-
tiation-age 18. This would cut
the list of potential draftees in
half at the outset, and would not
leave many young men in doubt
for five more years as to their
eligibility, as happens today.
The above three ways would, in
theory, decrease the selectivity of
the draft, either by raising the
World News
Roundup
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - The Senate
Armed Services committee voted
11-3 yesterday to approve the
nomination of Paul H. Nitze to
succeed the resigned Fred Korth
as' Secretary of the Navy.
* * *
LONDON-Six European allies
have agreed in principle to man
and operate an American warship
in a unique test of President John
F. Kennedy's plan for an inter-
national nuclear fleet.
UNITED NATIONS - A United
Nations spokesman said "indirect
word" was received at UN head-
quarters that Congolese Premier
Cyrille Adoula has released two
Soviet diplomats seized, in Leo-
poldville on Tuesday.
* * *
VATICAN CITY-The Vatican
Council turned away from dis-
puted declarations on Jews and
religious freedom yesterday and
approved a motion to replace
Latin. with modern languages in
Roman Catholic sacraments, such
as baptism, communion, marriage
and extreme unction.
BUENOS AIRES-Brazil's Pres-
ident Joao Goulart congratulated
Argentine President Arturo Illia
for canceling contracts with for-
eign oil companies, yesterday.
Goulart's message expressed sol-
idarity with Argentina's "defense
of national sovereignty," the Gov-
ernment Press Office said. The
text of Goulart's message was not
made public.
NEW YORK--Despite the news
of American Telephone's stock
split and dividend hike, the stock
market suffered the second worst
sell-off of 1963. The final Dow-
Jones averages show 30 indus-
trials down 9.41, 20 railroadsidown
1.61, 15 utilities down 1.15, and 65
stocks down 2.86.
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number drafted, or lowering the many people realize. By its selec-'
number of potential draftees. tivity, it maintains high quality
Robert Wells, a political science and force levels. In addition, it
department insructor working on serves as an incentive to enlistees
a doctoral thesis that involves the in all of the armed forces.
draft problem, commented, "The "Although at present only the
draft is important. It supplies the army is using the draft, many men
armed forces with a steady supply enlist in the Marines, Navy and
of qualified individuals. But at the Air Force because they believe
same time, the draft is not equit- that if they don't enlist, they willI
able. It tends to induct those of be drafted into the army anyway,"
low socio-economic status, be- he said.I
cause those of higher status can Prof. Feingold approved in
avoid the draft, usually by educa- theory the plan that the armed
tional deferrments. forces try abolishing the draft and
Prof. Eugene Feingold of the
political science department agreed
with Wells on this point. He noted
that "the draft system is supposed
to distribute the burden of our
nation's defense equitably over all
social and economic levels of the
population. Aoday those who can
afford to get married or to con-
tinue their education can avoid
the draft."
Several Problems
operating on a purely voluntary
basis. But he, too, had reserva-
tions. He said any such attempt
would be in vain because "abolish-
ing the draft immediately is not
at present politically possible."
Prof. Feingold stated that "since
abolishing the draft is not at
present politically feasible, I rec-
ommend two courses of action to
be followed as soon as possible:
"First, the GI bill should be
reinstated. This would, grant col-
lege opportunities for enlisted
men, and would compensate those
drafted by offering educational
benefits. It would also decrease
the necessity for the draft by in-
creasing voluntary enlistment and
re-enlistment.
Presidential Commission
"Second, a Presidential com-
mission to study the draft prob-
lem would be a good idea. It
probably would not shed light on
anything that has not been cover-
ed by previous investigations, but
would draw public attention to
the problem at hand," he said.
Prof. Harold Jacobsen of the
political science department, also
had reservations about doing away
with the draft. He doubted that
without the draft, the armed
forces would be able to call up
sufficiently large numbers of men
in a crisis situation.
He added that decreasing the
selectivity of the draft could have
the possible effect of decreasing
the talent and therefore the cap-
abilities of that part of our armed
forces which relies on the draft
for personnel-the non-nuclear
arm.
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However, abolishing the draft,
raises several problems, Wells said.
"Among these are money problems
involved in abolishing the draft
as well as the question of whether
we could maintain the present
quality and force levels in our
armed forces without it," he add-
ed.
First, if the draft is abolished,
a raise in pay will be necessary to
help maintain current standards
in quality and numbers. This pay
raise must, unlike the hike Con-
gress passed last year, raise pay
significantly for those with limited
experience in the armed forces.'
The old expression of "one army"
no longer rings true.
Second, if the draft was abolish-
ed, other benefits, such as a new
GI bill for educational support,
would have to be instituted. These
benefits'as well as the pay increase
would cost a considerable amount
of money.
"The third point," he continued,
is that "the draft is such more
vital to our defense system than
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