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Seventy-Third Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
"Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MICH., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
SGC Must Act Without Faculty on Bias
Y. DECEMBER 2. 1962
NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SUTIN
Co-ops Require Responsibility,
Allow the Right to Mature
HIS WEEKEND Inter-Cooperative Council
delegates from campuses all over the mid-
west met at the University for a conference on
the meaning and problems of the cooperative
movement.
A vital part of that cooperative movement is
flourishing on the University campus today:
cooperative housing. The coops are in a unique
position at an institution such as Michigan.
Here the student body is anxiously pressing
for long-withheld civil and personal freedoms.
The Office of Student Affairs is lamely trying
to keep a semblance of peace with the stu-
dents .through testy evasiveness, thereby not
displeasing the all-important alumni and legis-
lative factions. At this time the cooperative
housing units stand in stark, but silent tran-
scendence testifying to the worth of student
responsibility and privilege.
Cooperative living is not for children. When
responsibility of sharing the work required to
a student contracts to join ICC, he accepts the
maintain his house and the responsibility of
participating in what is probably closer to a
"town hail" democracy than anything that
exists today in the United States.
ESSENTIALLY, this means that the student
has an opportunity to act upon his en-
vironment, to shape it to a large extent. The
majority of the decisions concerning his resi-
dence are made by himself and his fellow
coopers within a small, independently-oriented
democratic structure.
The student is thus free from the most en-
cumbersome clamps of "the system"; yet, the
challenging responsibility of creating a new
"system" based on democracy whereby he may
coexist with his fellows remains. This probably
represents a greater clamp, but perhaps the
only one leading to true self-freedom and
maturity.
The cooperative situation presupposes that
a student is a responsible human being, or cap-
able of becoming one, providing that he is given
favorable opportunities through which he may
develop. Thus, a significant degree of self-
government is not a privilege, but a right to
be insured young men and women who consider
their maturing process not confined narrowly
to scholarship alone, but extensive to the total
of their experience.
THIS CREDO underlying student c operative
residences has startling ramific tions for
the University campus. The undergraduate
coops are likely the most spiritually and in-
tellectually committed, the most scholastically
serious and actually self-sufficient of all or-
ganized housing groups.
In short, the aware autonomous citizen-of
independent thought and spirit, yet able to
live responsibily and effectively with others-
is being created here. These are the kind of
persons who strikingly symbolize the worth
of democratic society and lend direction to its
finest efforts.
Consideration of the sorts of behavior elicited
by dormitory living in contrast to the coopera-
tive situation poses some interesting ideas. The
student is part of a huge, quite depersonalized
system. Although representative structures
feebly operate, legitimacy is nearly non-existent
because of an authoritarian bureaucracy at the
head of all residence hall operations.
THE RESIDENCE HALL students' immediate
guide and counselor is a sixty-ish woman.
Although dress and conduct rules may be
decided upon within a limited scope, they are
proclaimed uniform.
The hours are severly inflexible; an altera-
tion of ten minutes subjects a young woman
to "trial" (where she is unentitled to due
process granted any American citizen, young
or old), that will invariably punish her with
Queens College
WHETHER it's just sour grapes or a legiti-
mate case of religious discrimination at
Queens College in New York still remains to
be proven. Two associate professors there,
charging that they were denied promotions to
full professorships last year because they are
Roman Catholics, are preparing to present
their case in a jury trial.
Professors Josef V. Lombardo and Joseph P.
Mullally have had a long history, beginning
with a 1958 investigation, of hanging their
dirty wash out in public. In that year the
Board of Higher Education investigated the
bias charges and reported it could find no
evidence of discrimination.
Subsequently, the State Commission Against
Discrimination (now the State Commission for
Human Rights) took up the investigation and
in 1960 issued findings of "resistance to em-
ployment and promotion of Catholics."
However, the Board of Higher Education
denied SCAD jurisdiction in educational ad-
ministration, a decision upheld by the State
Supreme Court and again by the Appellate
Division.
a form of "social probation." However, the
most disturbing of any residence hall specifica-
tion which impugns the students' maturity is
the lack of requirement of responsibility.
The dormitories perpetuate dangerous, false
ideas about the nature of freedom and bond-
age. There are more girls sneaking in back
doors because of arbitrary specifications whicl
do nothing toward instilling a sense of reasoned
judgement and self-knowledge in young women.
Housemothers are largely aware of the circum-
stances and do nothing. What can they do?
Place padlocks on every window and door in
the building? The ultimate failure of this sys-
tem only reflects its inherent inability to evoke
honest and truly responsible behavior.
COOPERATIVES INVOLVE the individual
personally in a highly legitimate virtually
un-bureaucratized structure. The students'
resident guide is a much respected, responsible
and often confided-in senior or graduate stu-
dent.
There is no attempt to perpetrate uniformity
in dress or thought. Although operating form-
ally within conduct rules applicable to all
undergraduates, the cooperative residence
allows for flexibility and a far greater emphasis
on trust than is ever granted in the huge
dormitory complex. There are never intimida-
tions nor unfair "trials" depriving a student
of the legitimate right to represent himself
fairly.
Most important though, an under-graduate
coop cannot exist without genuine responsible
acts and cooperation on the part of residents.
A student is thus placed in a miniature, largely
self-governing society where he will be expected
to assume graduated amounts of the respon-
sibilities of young adulthood. In turn, he will
never be denied certain inalienable civil liber-
ties, and he will be regarded with increasing
trust and confidence by thoose who are in a
position to guide his behavior. There is no
sounder way, psychologically or pragmatically,
to insure the kind of mature judgement that
the important people in OSA are constantly
reiterating as necessary for mnore student
rights.
THE RUB IS that the self-responsibility ap-
parently necessary for the granting of rights
to student citizens will not one day miracu-
lously appearbout of thin air. This sort of be-
havior must be nrtured and developed in an
atmosphere which allows the student genuine
opportunities to act responsibly. And, the
existence of these opportunities is always neces-
sary before maturity can possibly exist. There-
fore, the present circumstance is simply a
circular dilemma.
Fortunately, there is a ray of light which
may hold great possible promise. Presently
in the planning stage is the Oxford Road
Project, to house over 400 undergraduate
women. Donita Plue, a past president of
Stockwell Hall, along with her Assembly com-
mittee, will be to a great extent responsible for
the kind of residence Oxford Project will be-
come.
Hopefully, Miss Plue and her committee will
take into consideration the residential elements
which lead to maturing student behavior. In
doing so, the committee will not only be ac-
complishing a great advantage for the growth
of present students, but can set a precedent
which will even more decisively point to the
value of student opportunities for responsibility.
TOWARDS THIS EFFORT the student coops
have been pioneers. The delegates to the
midwest conference held here this weekend,
as well as the campus group, deserve our com-
mendation. The work that they are doing
merits serious consideration by every member
of a university community.
-MARILYN KORAL
'robe Unjustified
The case raises the interesting questions of
;college autonomy and professorial responsi-
bility.
The professors, backed by Justice Lupiano,
are overriding the proper channels of academic
promotions, namely the college itself, and
bringing their case to a jury. The decision,
normally made by college officials, is taken
out of their hands. The precedent set in this
case is dangerous indeed.
WHILE THIS CASE is special by nature of
its charges of anti-Catholic discrimination,
there is no real justification for bringing it
to the courts. Proper channels of investigation
such as the Board of Higher Education would
be a far superior method of probing the
charges, since it is within academic agencies
that academic decisions should be settled.
Furthermore, it would allow the college to
keep the final say-so on what should be done,
or undone, as the professors wish. The school,
not the court, is best qualified to judge who
should be promoted and until the discrimina-
tion charges have been proven, rather than
alleged, there is indeed a weak case against
By MICHAEL OLINICK
Editor
THE UNIVERSITY Senate's Stu-
dent Relations Committee,
which includes among its member-
ship some of the more astute pro-
fessorial politicos, is displaying a
rather unpolitical stand towards
Student Government Council's
Committee on Membership in Stu-
dent Organizations: they want out.
The SGC committee has a make-
up of four students and three per-
sons from the faculty and admin-
istration, including at least one
faculty man and one administra-
tor. The SRC is supposed to nom-
inate a panel of five professors.
The Vice-President for Student
Affairs is to nominate a panel of
five administrators. From both of
these the Council makes final se-
lections.
The SRC balked at naming fac-
ulty members to such a commit-
tee when it was created three years
ago, expressing a feeling that the
problem of discrimination in stu-
dent organizations was a problem
of student government and that
authority for students to work in
this area had been clearly grant-
ed to student government by the
Regents.
** *
THE SRC has gone along with
SGC and nominated faculty for
the committee every year. Its mem-
bers continually asked Council to
drop the requirement for faculty
members and strongly urged stu-
dent government members to take
the initiative in ending discrimi-
nation and to make it a cam-
paign run by students. The SRC
is also disappointed with the little
progress that has been made and
feels that withdrawal may prompt
some stronger action.
Faculty should never have been
on the original committee on mem-
bership and there is no reason to
continue their membership any
longer.
The liberal element of SGC
which proposed the committee in
1960 agreed with the SRC and the
original motion called for an all
student committee. Council mod-
erates, then as now, took a dim
view of handing responsibility over
to students and, citing the tran-
sient nature of the student, de-
manded temperate adult counsel
on the committee.
The committee's general func-
tion is to formulate policies in the
furtherance of SGC's regulation
demanding that student organiza-
tions elect members on the basis
of personal merit and not race,
color, religion, creed, nationality
or ancestry and to make recom-
mendations to SGC in aid of such
purposes and policies.
* * *
AFTER SGC treasurer Thomas
Brown's motion attempting to lim-
it the range of the committee fail-
ed, the specific functions of the
committee look like this:
-"To receive written and sign-
ed complaints of violation of this
regulation;
-"To investigate any written
clauses in an organization's con-
stitution, regulations or other of-
ficial documents governing mem-
bership selection which are direct-
ly discriminatory; and
-"To initiate investigation and
inquiry of any given organization
as to possible violation. However,
no investigation shall be initiated
unless the reasons for investigating
that particular organization are
clearly stated, deemed worthy of
investigation and adopted by the
committee.
THE ORIGINAL "M i c h i g a n
plan" to end discrimination in fra-
ternities and sororities which call-
ed for a deadline on all bias claus-
es was slapped down by outgoing
University President Alexander
Ruthven and by incoming Univer-
sity President Harlan Hatcher a
decade ago. Though this approach
has since been adopted at other
universities, students here have re-
sorted to an individualistic ap-
proach, working and counseling
one group at a time.
Progress in ridding this campus
of prejudicial selection practices
has been too slow because of the
Council's group-by-group leaning
over backwards to be cooperative
attitude. Other colleges which have
set a deadline for all student or-
ganizations have done more in
shorter time than SGC.
While the problems of fraternity
and sorority discrimination ought
to be settled by student govern-
ment, leaving this issue only to
those students now in power in
the SAB will only decelerate an al-
ready crawling movement.
THE FACULTY represented on
the SRC and those they have se-
lected for the committee on mem-
bership are more anxious to rid
the campus of bias than the ma-
jority of the members of SGC:
they favor stronger measures tak-
en more quickly. The faculty mem-
bers have served no spur the com-
mittee and the Council.
* * *
THERE ARE THREE different
sets of reasons why SGC members
are arguing to ask faculty mem-
bers to retain their seats on the
committee on membership:
1) One school, headed by Coun-
cil President Steven Stockmeyer
and Michigan Union President
Robert Finke, say they believe that
Administrative Vice-President Ken
Miller, would argue that faculty
and students alike share responsi-
bility for the academic atmosphere
on the campus and must work to-
gether to improve it. The existence
of bias in a fraternity impairs the
intellectual climate and student
and professor are equally to blame
if it continues.
3) The third school, expounded
by Council member Robert Ross,
puts an emphasis on the political
consequences which withdrawal of
faculty will mean for student work
in discrimination.
He argues, quite correctly, that
student organizations unwilling to
" Yo u Sorta Have To Learn To Live with 'Em"
abide by SGC's regulation or its
demand for membership state-
ments will use the withdrawal as
an arguing point that council is
inconsistent in its approach and
cannot make up its own mind
about how it really wants to deal
with the groups.
** *
THOSE STUDENTS who would
be motivated by the move toward
more action are already willing to
take a stronger position than has
heretofore been displayed. They
don't need "a kick in the pants."
Whatever statement the com-
mittee gives that it is supporting
student government by leaving the
area of discrimination entirely up
to SGC, will be misinterpreted to
be a vote of no confidence in the
students.
There are those on SGC who op-
pose almost any attempt to rid
fraternities of racial and religious
membership practices. Many still
believe that the fraternity is a
private group, that the University
has no right to tell it how to run
its affairs and that, in the last
analysis, people have a right to
select their friends on whatever
criteria they want; discrimination
is not bad. The Regents bylaw
outlawing it on the campus was
probably a mistake.
IF THE SRC refuses to nomin-
ate faculty members for the Com-
mittee on Membership, one very
likely consequence is that Coun-
cil will reconstruct the committee
and in the reorganization rob it of
whatever powers it needs to com-
bat effectively discrimination in
student organizations.
There is a good chance that as
presently constituted, a majority
of SGC would vote that investiga-
tion of student organizations shall
stop as soon as all written dis-
criminatory clauses are removed
or waivers guaranteeing local
autonomy are issued.
Such an outcome is unlikely,
however, and should not force the
SRC to abandon what is a morally
right decision. There is strong
community pressure toward re-
moving all discrimination and SGC
must respond to this.
The Regents' bylaw is binding
on all administrative officers and
there is a good question of wheth-
er University Vice-PresidentJames
A. Lewis must take action to end
discrimination in student groups
if the Council fails to. The Vice-
President no doubt would put in-
formal pressure on the Council to
move forward in this area, since
he is reluctant to subvert publicly
the power SGC has.
a *
THE RECALCITRANT sorori-
ties would look upon any action
taken by the Council or related
group as food for critical com-
ments and would continue to op-
pose antidiscriminatory measures
even if the faculty increased its
membership on the committee.
Their contemplated reaction to the
SRC's move should not be a fac-
tor in the SRC's decision.
Inthe long run, the cause of
student government will best be
served if it alone handles the prob-
lem of discrimination in student
organizations. This issue lies in a
domain which ought to be only the
province of students, just as other
issues ought to be handled by fac-
ulty alone.
As the SRC has pointed out, re-
fusal to nominate full members to
the committee does not mean that
the faculty could not serve to aid
student efforts. Prof. Cutler, the
SRC chairman, has suggested that
faculty members could be called
upon for advice at various stages
of the committee's work and, more
importantly, that the SRC or the
faculty Senate could issue reso-
lutions of support for SGC action.
THE QUESTION is: does the
short run danger outweigh the
long run good? Perhaps the SRC
could best aid the Council by
waiting until the five sororities
submit their statements before
pulling out of the committee. The
faculty group, however, never
wanted to be on the committee in
the first place and grows more
restive every day under the obli-
gation to nominate"members.
Those who fear ' the conse-
quences of the faculty's with-
drawing triggering a weakening of
efforts to end discrimination tend
to exaggerate the ill effects.
If an SGC elected by the stu-
dents refuses to act militantly
against racial and religious bias,
then this is the price one has to
pay for giving students power. An
administrator disposed toward lib-
eralism could move a lot faster
and be a lot stronger acting as
an autocrat, but that is not the
type of university best suited to
free and democratic pursuit of
learning.
It's time the faculty ended its
illegitimate role on the Commit-
tee on Membership and let stu-
dent government stand or fall on
its own on the problem of dis-
crimination.
UNDERSCORE:
Neutrality No Longer. Viable
By MALINDA BERRY
HE EVER-TENUOUS policy of
neutrality has suffered a fatal
blow by the Sino-Indian conflict.
India, the world's largest "neu-
tral" country, is the central pivot
in the whole precarious structure
of the neutral and uncommitted
East. Any actions they take in the
political arena will affect the des-
tiny of the 450 million non-Chi-
nese Asiatics living in the lands
contiguous to India. Whichever
direction India takes politically
will inevitably become the fate of
her neighbors.
Neutralism has always been a
dubious policy contingent upon ,he
position of the "neutral" in world
affairs. Neutrality is often lauded
the loudest when a policy of vac-
cilation is the most advantageous.
This is not to indicate that the
often sincere attempts to remain
unaligned for moral reasons are
entirely contingent upon expedi-
ency. Still the angry reaction on
the part of the Indian people con-
demning Prime Minister Nehru's
pressures to "negotiate" with the
Chinese, indicates neutrality is
most attractive when it doesn't in-
terfere with national status.
AT NEHRU'S proposal to start
talks, one member of the Indian
parliament shouted, "At the cost
of our prestige?"
Nehru has always tied his policy
of nonalignment to the Gandhian
policy, lifted from the level of the
isolation of the United States dur-
ing the 1930's onto a philosophical
plane.
Neutrality in its ideal form is
a head-in-the-sand concept based
upon the neutral's desire to have
policy as usual as if no war existed
at all. This is an untenable position
in the modern world. Every act
taken by a nation must necessar-
ily help one side while it injures
the other.
All trade and transportation af-
fect all other nations in a definite
way.
* * *'
DUE TO THE GROWTH of in-
terdependence between nations,
t e c h n i c a 1 developments, and
changes in the methods of war-
fare, the laws of neutrality are
out of date. At the end of World
War I neutrality was left in a
it does little good to proclaim an
edict of neutrality and expect it to
be honored by belligerent nations.
* * *
THE ORIGINAL concept of neu-
trality is impossible to maintain
now. What it has been reduced to
is the "neutralism" of India -
which is simply a protection
against going into a war for any
issues except those in which the
nation is directly and vitally con-
cerned. And when the nation is vi-
tally affected, motions for truce
"in the interest of world peace,"
(a favorite Indian slogan) are re-
jected.
The country for whom the Sino-
Indian conflicts has become the
most embarrassing is Russia-and
they have fallen back on a neutral
stand. It owes support to both
countries and will find itself really
in the middle as soon as it chooses
sides absolutely.
Right now Russia is maintaining
an attitude of pre-Indian "neu-
tralism."
THE OTHER nonaligned na-
tions are also caught up in a
quandry: here's India, the leader
of the neutral bloc, engaged in a
denifite partisan struggle. The
other noncommitted nations have
for the most part remained em-
barrassingly silent. A government
controlled newspaper in Ghana
dismissed the war as "an ordinary
border dispute."
Even the ordinarily outspoken
and vociferous President Sukarno
of Indonesia has remained silent.
However, India can probably ex-
pect some support from the un-
committed bloc-which apparent-
ly isn't above giving support so
long as it is to a fellow neutral.
THE UNITED Arab Republic's
Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had been
equivocal during the early weeks
of the invasion, is now trying to
line up support against China.
Nasser has invited India to buy
surplus weapons from the UAR,
and is now seeking further aid for
India from Morocco, Ghana, Al-
geria, Guinea, Mali, and Cambodia.
The African nations have pro-
fessed shock at the Chinese at-
tack. Some indicated that there
would be a sharp reappraisal of
the merits of non-alignment. Oth-
THE CONCEPT of -neutrality
has been defeated. With the tem-
porary, uneasy truce India is put
in the position of being the coun-
try to start the fighting over again.
She will appear to be the aggres-
sor, if she should decide that the
Chinese terms are unacceptable.
When the leader of the neutral-
ist bloc is defeated and humiliat-
ed in the eyes of the smaller and
understandably nervous southeast
Asian countries, perhaps they will
realize that the morally founded
idea of neutrality deserves deep
and intensive re-examination.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Masquerading Pakistan
To the Editor:
EVEN IN an era of much shift-
ing politics as ours, the sudden
change in the attitude and stand
of Pakistan over Communism
passes the understanding of all
reasonable men.A
For many years Pakistan had
been a member and chpmpion of
the Central Treaty Organization
and the South East Asia Treaty
Organization-both treaty organ-
izations are committed to fight
Communism in their respective
geographic regions. In this rela-
tionship as an ally and as a nation
strongly pledged to combat Com-
munism, Pakistan was receiving
for many years massive military
and economic aid from the United
States. Now it seems th.t Pakistan
had all along been only playing
an artful game of masquerade.
At present the U.S. and Britain
are providing India with military
aid over the Chinese conflict. It
is understandable that Pakistan
may be fearful that India may use
these arms against her. To quell
this fear any anti-Communist na-
tion in its proper political and'
ideological balance will attempt to
seek a non-aggression pact with
India, backed by necessary guar-
antees from the U.S. and Britain.
But instead, Pakistan seeks a non-
aggression pact with Red China.
President Ayub Khan of Pakistan
went so far as to tell the Pakistan
National Assembly that India is a
had for many years now sought
the company and aid of the U.S.,
not because she felt with the anti-
Communistic ideology of the U.S.,
but masquerading under an anti-
Communistic veil she was merely
using the U.S. in her rivalry
against India. And disappointed
and insulted indeed feels the
hoodwinked man the moment he
realizes that the female did not
really feel with him and his ideol-
ogy but rather merely used him
to fight her jilted battle against
someone else, so America feels
now towards Pakistan.
-Thomas S. David, Grad
Dishonesty .,.
To the Editor:
W E OBJECT to the advertise-
ment for the motion picture
"Viridiana" which has been ap-
pearing in your newspaper for the
past several days, because of its
dishonesty. The disguising of the
phrase, ". . . Makes the orgy in
'La Dolce Vita' look like a family
picnic," by referring more em-
phatically to praises of the pic-
ture's greatness is an obvious at-
tempt to veil in respectability an
invitation to depravity.
We do not object to advertise-
ments of sex. We would not care
if Aunt Molly advertised her
brothel provided she did not rep-
resent her advertisement as an in-
vitation to a tea house. Our ob-