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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, 18 FEBRUARY 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: JEFFREY GOODMAN
How To Create
A Subversive Military
EVEN AS AIR FORCE cadets were be-
ing jolted in the wake of the cheating
scandal at the Academy, University stu-
dents were debating the significance of
the event in an interesting, as well as
disturbing, war of words.
The scandal initiated a series of con-
troversial reactions which have covered
the editorial pages for the last two weeks.
The most prominent and appalling of
these remarks are those indicating a lack
of any sense of respect for the honor
and integrity of the American military.
Such sweeping allusions are even more
serious and distressing as an expression
of a perilous national trend. In the past
three years a whole new literature has
developed around the theme that the
American military are power-hungry
maniacs, capable of betraying everything
they are sworn to defend. Some of these
works are novels which were later made
into movies-"Dr. Strangelove" and "Sev-
en Days in May," for example. Others, in-
cluding "The Passion of the Hawks" and
"The Military Establishment," claim to be
more scholarly studies. Their authors tell
us that militarism is on the rise in Amer-
ica, and that arrogant commanders may
take over the country.
OF COURSE, there have been hundreds
of serious books and movies, like "On
the Beach," preaching that war is loathe-
some and dangerous. If "Dr. Strangelove"
and the rest were merely more of the
same, they could be accepted. They are
not sincere warnings, however, but reck-
less slander. The effect of the whole is
to poison the public mind until, some-
how, civilians are prepared to believe the
worst about our military and about the
elite who come out of the service acade-
mies.
The immense popularity of "Seven Days
in May" and the spirited controversy at
the University over the Air Force Acade-
my scandal are simply the latest pieces
of evidence. Without the trust of the
people, the American military character
cannot indefinitely remain steadfast.
Keep smearing a profession and ulti-
mately the stain rubs in. Unless the trend
is stopped, it may have an effect on the
military that could make the plot of "Sev-
en Days in May" tragically prophetic.
In these "hate-the-military" outpour-
ings, every high commander is either a
buffoon or a treason-minded idiot. But
the characters use flawless military jar-
gon; they know all the right words. And
the surface realism is polished enough to
take in the average reader or movie-
goer. He leaves the novel or theatre half-
convinced that the nation's top military
men are widely irresponsible.
OF COURSE, the American military is
not beyond reproach. But such criti-
cism should be made intelligently and in
the light of our American democratic
background. The American military, like
all Americans, wants the best possible
deal for itself. Yet military leaders' ac-
tive; thoughtful support of our time-test-
ed ideals has kept this a government of,
by and for the people.
Our military history is an honorable
one. The principle of civilian control
has stayed firm through almost two cen-
turies because the American military has
given it wholehearted support. Had it not
been so dedicated, constitutionality
might have run a devious course.
THE FUNDAMENTAL FACT is that,
concerning ideals, standards and de-
portment, the military establishment is
what its founder, George Washington,
made it. The precepts he laid down are
its rules of behavior. The principle of
subordination to civil authority set a
precedent that has survived almost un-
broken.
The record does show breaches in some
isolated cases. It is reasonably clear that
Gen. Douglas MacArthur transgressed in
Korea when he tried to scuttle the de-
cisions of his political superiors. Yet Brig.
Gen. George Marshall, an officer in the
Korean War, relates that "military opin-
ion was far more united behind the
President than Was public sentiment."
Gen. Edwin Walker, the target of much
public scorn, is currently regarded with
acute disfavor by most professional sol-
diers as well. No matter how hot-headed
middle-echelon leadership has sometimes
been, the top military leaders have usual-
ly been men of sense and character.
IN THE WORDS of Defense Secretary
McNamara, "The application of power
takes a great deal of sophistication."
The military academies strive to instill
this "sophistication" in their cadets, the
future military leaders of our nation.
The academies thus have a purpose
beyond the granting of bachelor's de-
grees. They are intended to develop mil-
itary officers who must be, and for the
most part are, examples of gentlemen and
all that we should admire and respect in
Americans.
Such a system cannot function without
a high sense of honor. Air Force offi-
cials may well argue that when honor is
involved, especially the honor of a man
whose country may place ultimate trust
in him in the future, a breach is intoler-
able. Cheating is an ugly thing in any
school; uglier when the students have
sworn to abide by an honor system; uglier
still when their countrymen look upon
them as symbols of national strength
and integrity.
FOR THIS REASON, the academies have
always been regarded as "showcases
of morality," and this image must not
be broken. For honor is not self-perpet-
uating; no code will preserve it indefi-
nitely. Ideals do not flourish in a hos-
tile climate. In all human organizations,
when men are treated as unworthy of
full trust, the time comes when they are
untrustworthy.
The day could come when the officer
corps-humiliated by its civilian superiors
and held in public contempt-grows sub-
versive, renounces honor and betrays its
oath. To prevent such a danger, we must
preserve the vital military honor sys-
tem and respect those who uphold it.
-PHYLLIS KOCH
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tDON'T FORGET YOUR CO\WAITMENTI"
By WALTER LIPPMANN
THE GOLD problem which now
confronts this country is an-
other facet of the change in our
world position ashthe postwar era
has come to an end. During the
two world wars we accumulated a
very large part of the gold stocks
of the world: the gold came here
to pay for the munitions and the
goods which the United States
alone was able to supply.
When the second world war was
over, foreign countries had run
out of gold and usable issets to
pay for reconstruction and recov-
ery. There was, as it was then
called, a dollar gap. The Uited
States financed the recovery and
defense of the Western world by
enacting the Marshall Plan, by
providing defense through NAT
and by making very considerable
expenditures abroad to assist de-
velopment in backward countries.
The dollars we gave andlent for
those purposes filled the dollar
gap.
* * *
THIS WAS a noble and enlight-
ened policy, and it has been very
successful. However,sit beached a
turning point about the end of
1957. The postwar dollar gap had
been closed for the major indus-
trial countries, and foreigners and
foreign governmentstbegan toac-
cumulate dollars instead of buy-
ing American goods. Less than half
of these dollars were cashed in for
gold which resulted in the build-
ing up of gold reserves abroad.
Between 1957 and 1965 we paid
out some $8 billion in gold. But
$12 billion accumulated in that
time by foreigners were not cashed
for gold. These dollars were, of
course, foreign debts owed by the
United States. They have nw
reached a total of some $28 billion.
From a banking point of view,
there is nothing extraordinary
about this. All banks have larger
liabilities than they can cash out
at once. But in the last tree
months of 1964 there was a sudden
and sharp increase in the dollars
going abroadras compared with
our receipts from abroad. As the
world's main substitute for a cen-
tral banker we are now faced with
the fundamental problem of any
banker, which is to keep his depos-
itors convinced that they have
nothing to gain, and perhaps
something to lose, by demanding
cash and starting a run on the
bank.
IN HIS skillfully balanced mes-
sage, the President has told for-
eigners who hold dollars that we
regard these dollars as debts of
honor on which we shall pay gold
if that is iht they want. At the
same time he has told the Ameri-
can people at home that as this,
government intends to honor its
debts it must and it will stop in-
creasing those debts and that it
means to move resolutely toward
a balance in our international
payments.
The President has made a sol-
emn guarantee to the outer world
and has announced a decision, the
validity of which no one here at
home disputes. Are the guarantee
and therpromise made by the de-
cision credible?
The guarantee to foreign hold-
ers of dollars is entirely credible
because the assets of the United
States in gold and property which
is as good as gold far exceed our
dollar liabilities. We still have very
large stocks of gold. We have
large drawing rights at the inter-
national monetary fund. We have
a surplus stockpile of basic raw
materials which can be sold in the
world market and is probably
worth at least $5 billion. Our for-
eign assets abroad, the stocks, in-
vestments, the real estate we own,
are said to be worth something
like $88 billion. With this mate-
rial reserve, the guarantee to pay
cash for our debts cannot really
be nuestioned.
* * *
AS REGARDS the decision to
balance our international pay-
ments so as not to increase the
debts we owe abroad, there can be
no doubt that the government can
do this if it is determined to do
so. It must be remembered abroad
that the American deficit does
not arise because the United States
cannot afford to buy the food, the
raw materials, the goods and the
services that our people need. We
earn more than enough to pay lor
all of these things. We are now
selling $6 billion more goods and
services than we buy abroad.
When we break down our deficit,
it is seen to be due principally to
the fact that American investment
abroad, whether direct or through
the purchase of securities, or
through bank loans, has been
greatly in excess (last year by-
some $4 billion) of what foreign-
ers invested in the United States.
It is true that we spend many
billions abroad on our armed
forces and on foreign aid. But it
is inaccurate and merely confuses
the issue to suppose that 'he defi-
cit is duetto foreign aid or il-
tary expenditure abroad. About 85
per cent of the money spent for
foreign aid is tied to the purchase
of American goods. The military
outpayments, which react nation-
al policy, are in part at least off-
set by the purchase in the United
States of military supplies by for-
eign governments.
It is therefore American private
investment abroad which will have
to be reduced. The President,
characteristically and quite wisely,
is beginning by an appeal to busi-
nessmen and bankers for volun-
tary cooperation. But if there are
important non-cooperators, he
will have to turn to legal compul-
sion.
* * *
TOWARD the end of his mes-
sage the President took' note of
the fact that his defense of the
dollar will by its very success
confront the rest of the world
with an urgent problem. It is the
problem of a monetary reform
which will provide sufficient in-
ternational liquidity and bank re-
serves.y As the President ssys in
his message, "The flow of dollars
abroad into the central banks has
made up about half of the in-
crease in free world reserves," and
that increase will be cut off when
our payments are balanced.
This will create new problems,
for our dollars, circulating abroad
"as good as gold," have masked
the hard fact that there is not
enough gold in existence to meet
the .monetary requirements of the
major trading countries of tne
world. A means of payment, to
supplement gold and dollars must
therefore be devised.
The President has aow commit-
ted this cou.try to international
monetary reform.
(c), 1965. The Washington Post Co.
a.
I1
41
THE CONTROVERSIAL RABBI WINE:
~'Why This Violent Reaction?'
By ROGER RAPOPORT
Last of a Two-Part Series
RABBI Sherwin T. Wine has
been deluged with letters ever
since the public learned that his
Birmingham Temple believes that
the word "God" is impossible to
define in meaningful terms.
Some of the correspondence
comes from individuals eager to
save his soul. Wine "appreciates
their sincerity but fears that each
one of them will have to worry
about saving his own soul."
It's a good bet, however, that
Rabbi Wine does not appreciate
the reaction from many individ-
uals and institutions that have
little interest in the salvation of
his soul.
A brief look at the opinions of
a Mason, a national magazine, a
bishop and a rabbi should suffice
to illustrate what takes place
when a reform congregation re-
forms its outlook on the word
"God."
LAST WEEK C. Fuller Dorr,
grand master of the .Michigan
Masons, ordered the Birmingham
Temple to move out of a Mason
facility they were leasing. "Be-
cause a Mason believes in God
with deep conviction and without
any reservation and because the
greatest landmark in Masonic be-
liefs is that God governs in the
affairs of men, the premises or
facilities of any Masonic temple
should never be available to any
person or group of persons or or-
ganization that does not profess
a belief in Almighty God," ex-.
plained Dorr.
The Birmingham Council of
Ministers condemned the action
and urged "freedom of religious
expression." However landlord
Dorr replied that the decision
was unbiased as "many Jews ard
rabbi's belong to the Masons."
Wine, who is not a Mason him-
self, indicated there had been
a misunderstanding: "When we
rented we didn't know that the-
ology was important."
Wine has found the Birming-
ham Unitarian Church to he a
more receptive landlord and has
moved his congregation there for
Friday night services.
IT IS significant that the Ma-
sonic decision came shortly after
an article appeared about Wine in
the nation's largest news maga-
zine, Time. Because Time's analy-
sis of the situation has been seen
by upwards of 10 million readers
it might be interesting to briefly
discuss the article. The weekly
newsmagazine evidently had trou-
ble getting their facts straight.
They began by missing Rabbi
Wine's first name. (they called
him Sherman).
Then it quoted Wine as publicly
declaring, "I am an atheist," a
statement the rabbi denies having
ever made-let alone in public.
Time takes Wine's definiton of
his position-"an ignostic"--and
then chooses to use its own inter-
pretation of the word as "a spe-
cial sort of an atheist." In fact,
according to Rabbi Wine, an ig-
nostic is in no sense an atheist.
He says that an ignostic be-
lieves the words used to define
God are so vague and nebulous
that they are meaningless, as op-
posed to an atheist, one who does
not believe in God.
Not only does Time err regard-
ing the temple, but it makes mis-
takes regarding the critics. "Tile
local Jewish News has struck
Wine's schedule of sermons," it
says. In fact Wine's service sched-
ule still runs in the Jewish News.
THIS Time account is a substan-
tial part of the information which
the Episcopal Bishop of Michigan,
the Rt. Rev. Richard S. Emerich,
uses to attack Rabbi Wine.
"Newspaper articles ?nd Time
magazine have informed us re-
cently," begins Bishop Emerich in
his recent Detroit News column,
"The Atheist Rabbi."
Emerich writes that Wine ".is
an atheist who is not a rabbi of
Israel. Next- year he may hit the
headlines by discarding the moral
tradition of Israel, the sabbath, or
refuse to teach anything of the
long and glorious history of his
people."
Bishop Emerich likens Wine to
"a General Motors official op-
posed to cars."
RESPONDING to Bishop Em-
erich, Rabbi Wine remarks, "Since
the bishop belongs to a church
that arose out of rebellion against
the mother church of Rome I find
it highly incongruous for him to
denounce the questioning of tra-
ditional authority."
While Wine has served at two
other congregations in the De-
troit area, including Temple Beth-
El, Michigan's largest reform con-
gregation and one of she nation's
o'dest, his colleagues have gener-
ally declined to discuss the unor-
thodox Birmingham congregation.
Several rabbis like Irwin Gro-
ner of Conservative Synagogue
Shaary Zedek do admit they sup-
port the views of Bishop Emer-
ich, but will say little else.
HOWEVER, Rabbi Leon Fraam
of Temple Israel does have sever-
al observations on Wine's temple.
"Never in Jewish history has there
ever been a synagogue whose
members did not believe in God,"
he says. He defines "God" as "the
creative spirit which imbues the
universe and renders it a universe
friendly to human aspirations, jus-
tice and peace."
Rabbi Wine responds by saying
that the word "God" refers to
many useless terms. "Concepts of
God as something bigger than me
out there; a force both transcen-
dent and imminent; a divine crea-
ture, or a pervading purpose in
the universe, are simply meaning-
less, inadequate words."
Rabbi Fraam asserts that "many
people joined the Birmingham
Temple thinking it was a regular
reform congregation and found it
to be a group of non-believers."
However, Birmingham Temple
President Harry Velick disagrees.
He points out that the congregants
actually shaped the philosophy of
the temple. Furthermore, he says
that no one may join who does not
fully understand the concepts of
the temple.
RABBI Fraam describes the core
of the congregation as "scientists,
psychiatrists and people who early
in life, with their first college
course in science, decided that
they didn't believe in God."
"I think some people never out-
grow this adolescent rebellion
about God-and these are the
people who are in the Birmingham
Temple," he says.
At 36, Rabbi Wine is long past
adolescence and admits being
somewhat perplexed by the entire
furor. "We are not out to found
a movement; this is not a pana-
cea. We merely have our group
and are experimenting," he says.
"We are no threat to anyone. I
just don't understand all this crit-
icism. If these people are really
secure in their own beliefs, why
is there this violent reaction?"
'U' PLAYERS:
'Chez Torpe' Confuses
Despite. an Able Cast
4
4
4
I
4
4
Romney and Tax Reform
L T. GOV. WILLIAM MILLIKEN, substi-
tuting for ailing Gov. George Rom-
ney at a "Know Your Government" meet-
ing in Detroit recently, said that fiscal
reform is necessary. He said that prop-
erty owners bear an undue tax burden,
and that the state should establish -
through fiscal reform-both personal and
corporate income taxes. Up to this point
Milliken is right.
However, when he "agrees wholeheart-
edly" with the provision in the Michigan
H. NEIL BERKSON, Editor
KENNETH WINTER EDWARD HERSTEIN
Managing Editor Editorial Director
ANN GWIRTZMAN . ... Personnel Director
BILL BULLARD .. .. .... ......Sports Editor
MICHAEL SATTINGER .... Associate Managing Editor
JOHN KENNY...... Assistant Managing Editor
DEBORAH BEATTIE Associate Editorial Director
LOUISE LIND.......Assistant Editorial Director in
Charge of the Magazine
TOM ROWLAND Associate Sports Editor
GARY WNER...Associate Sports Editor
STEVEN HALLER .....Contributing Editor
MARY LOU BUTCHER .. - - Contributing Editor
JAMES KESON .. .... Chief Photographer
NIGHT EDITORS: Lauren Bahr, David Block, John
constitution which prohibits a graduat-
ed income tax in deference to a flat-
rate tax, he is in grave error.
A flat-rate income tax is not an equi-
table tax, and passage of such a levy
would not remedy the inequities of the
present tax structure. A graduated in-
come tax, on the other hand, would serve
two functions: increase the state's reve-
nue base and serve to, equalize the -tax
burden by basing it on the ability to pay.
Senate Majority Floor Leader Basil
Brown of Highland Park, who presented a
fiscal reform plan to Romney recently,
included in his program a graduated in-
come tax, noting that such a tax must
be part of any realistic fiscal reform
plan.
Brown favors amending the constitu-
tion to remove the section-written by
conservative Republicans - which out-;
laws the graduated state income tax.
Brown's proposal received support from
a resolution passed at the recent state
Democratic convention. It states that tax
reform must "include a state income tax
IT'S A SHAME when a play can
be characterized in one word,
especially when that word is Tire-
some.
"Chez Torpe" being presented
this week by the University Play-
ers is such a weak vehicle that
the audience sighed audibly with
relief when the final curtain came
down.
Billetdoux' play has no coher-
ence of theme, no resolution of
the plot, no explanation of mo-
tivation for the characters, just
no point.
Such a potpourri of -ethical, re-
ligious and political questions are
BUDAPEST QUARTET:
Beethoven with Superlative Musicians
thrown out, that the audience has
no clear concept of Billetdoux's
intention. Any one of the ideas
hinted at could make relevant
drama; only confusion is created.
THERE IS this inn full of people
with suicidal tendencies run by a
woman of tremendous power (the
nature of which we aren't told).
Into this scene comes the repre-
sentative of law and order! In-
spector Karl Topfer. He's con-
fused and so is everyone else. This
millieu reigns throughout.
It's especially sad that the play
loses its audience, because many
of the actors do very fine jobs.
Robert Kraus, as the Inspector,
carries the weight of the play
(about 18 stone). The author does
thoughtfully provide some funny
lines which Kraus brings off well.
Judith Cornell is Opportune-
that is, the Inspector's assistant-
part-time lover. She does a nice
job with a tricky character.
* * *
THE WOMAN of mystery, Ur-
sula-Maria Torpe, played by Bar-
bara Joan Tarbuck, doesn't come
across. She is to have, perhaps,
an aura of mysticism about her
-she is the focal point of the inn,
the reason all the people seek
consolation. But whether .he is
the mysticism of religion' or Hu-
manism is unclear.
The seven inhabitants of the
inn are a shadowy lot. They ap-
I
'THE BUDAPEST String Quartet opened the Twenty-fifth Annual
Chamber Music Festival Wednesday evening in Rackham Audi-
torium, commencing the complete cycle of sixteen Beethoven string
quartets.
The Budapest has programmed one quartet in each recital from
Beethoven's early, middle and late periods, giving the listener a
unique opportunity to experience the evolution of Beethoven's quartet
writing.. This is especially meaningful because the master achieved
the greatest heights of each of the style periods in the genre.
* * * *
THE BUDAPEST proved again it was more than equal to the
means of expression. Each voice was intelligently and sensitively played.
Further, the composite tone and ensemble -of the group should
be noted. The quartet achieved a warm, yet light and floating tone
quality which makes its performances so sensually pleasing. Intellec-
tually, each player is perfectly integrated into the whole, which
makes for an uncanny and awesome ensemble.
* * * *
THE BUDAPEST'S superlative musicianship bore down upon the
Op. 127 quartet in E Flat Major and elucidated and elevated this
first of the last six quartets. Far from being austere and unapproach-
able, these last quartets are full of unmatched beauty, as the group
I
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