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EDITFD AND MANAGED EY STUDENTS of THE UNrvp.RsrrY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY of BOARD IM CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
BOAT ROCKING AT BERKELEY...
The Challenge to Public Universities
420 MAYNARD ST., ANN AioR, MICH.
NEws PHONE: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
SUNDAY, 7 FEBRUARY 1965 NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT JOHNSTON
Romney Fails To Give
Promised Leadership
By JAMES H. ROBERTSON
THE RIOTS at the University
of California stirred up more than
the local administration at Berke-
ley. Major newspapers and maga-
zines are devoting considerable
space and staff talent to analyz-
ing the causes, probing for social
and philosophic significance and
pointing to lessons to be learned
from the sudden, serious, disrup-
tive challenge to one of the dis-
tinguished state universities of
the country.
Stirred by this publicity which
ranges from the quasi-sensational
to such reasoned reports as the
Carnegie Corporation's "The Flight
From Teaching" and John Fisch-
er's "Is There a Teacher on the
Faculty?" the public in general
and parents of students in par-
ticular are raising questions about
matters close to their hearts--
the importance of teaching,the
quality of teachers, and the na-
ture of the curriculum. In addi-
tion, students, faculty and ad-
ministrators on many campuses.
including our own. are turning a
critical, evaluative eye on their
local institutions and wondering
whether the shock waves from
California will rock them too.
The need to re-examine and to
explain the range and priority of
educational functions in publicly
supported universities can be
healthy and constructive if it
leads to a reaffirmation of the
central importance of teaching
and teachers. If this occurs, then
last fall's flare-up at Berkeley
may very well have the Fame
salutary impact on American
higher education that the launch-
ing of Sputnik had on our sec-
ondary schools. California, un-
wittingly and painfully, may have
achieved another "first."
THE UNIVERSITY of California
has a well-deserved reputation or
leadership in research and for
significant national service. Its
scientific accomplishments and its
roster of Nobel prize winners have
been the envy of many other
major state and private univer-
sities. It has high caliber students
and accords freedom for the
widest spectrum of political views
It has taken the leadership in
developing a state-wide "master
plan" for higher education which
is a model for the nation. But it
had one tragic flaw: it has never
enjoyed the reputation for a lively
interest in its students.
Several years ago, when I visited
Berkeley to discuss the faculty
advising program and the em-
bryonic honors program. I sensed
this neglect. The excellent stu-
dents and the excellent faculty
were not in active partnership.
Several younger staff members
with whom I talked admitted that,
despite a personal desire to spend
more time in teaching and advis-
ing, it was risking one's profes-
sional future to be overly interest-
ed in or available to students. Ac-
,EVALUATION AT HOME
LAST NOVEMBER, Gov. George Romney
promised that he would provide lead-
ership for Michigan if he were reelected.
Recent events show that the governor
has reneged on his promise.,
Many of the state's educators, as well
as much of the heavily Democratic Leg-
islature, view Romney's $788.5 million
budget request as inadequate. Yet the
governor plans to spend only about a
third of the $100 million general fund
surplus-saving the rest for next year
when, according to Romney, the state
could be forced into debt without this
extra money to balance the budget.
FOR THE STATE to appreciably in-
crease expenditures without going into
debt, fiscal reform is needed. Tax reform
that would put the state on a more stable
and equitable financial base would solve
the spending problem by providing sourc-
es for additional revenue.
But for a fiscal reform program to be
enacted, it must first be introduced in the
Legislature.
Romney, who had an unhappy experi-
ence with tax reform when the Republi-
can-controlled Legislature defeated his
fiscal program in 1963, is loath to intro-
duce another. He is calling on the Demo-
cratic majority not only to introduce a
program but also to show what he terms
"strong support" for fiscal reform.
THE DEMOCRATS, on the other hand,
believe that Romney should detail a
tax package since he made the call for
fiscal reform in his State of the State
message. Several Democrats say that they
want to see what would be in the Romney
program before they give the idea any
further consideration.
But the Democrats must realize that
even though Michigan is now solvent, the
state's fiscal complexion hasn't changed
since 1963, and the governor's program
today would be nearly identical to his
previous plan.
THE GOVERNOR has made a ridiculous-
ly low budget request which the Dem-
ocrats will surely seek to increase. By
maintaining that any increase-unless
accompanied by fiscal reform-will cause
severe monetary problems for the state,
Romney is attempting to shift the re-
sponsibility for tax reform over to the
Democrats.j
Senate Majority Leader Basil Brown
has detailed a fiscal reform plan to the
governor which is nearly identical to the
ill-fated 1963 program. But Romney isn't
even content with this. He is seeking
"broader reform support"-including that
of the state's educators.
It is now agonizingly apparent that
what the governor really wants is to have
a tax reform program all but passed be-
fore he even takes it into consideration.
He thereby shows the people of Michi-
gan that they elected as governor not a
leader, but a follower who would take
credit for leadership without accepting
the risk of its responsibilities.
-THOMAS COPI
1
cording to one older professor, the
prevailing view, which he stated
with some smugness, was that
"each undergraduate is entitled
to live a life of decent obscurity."
The dangers incipient in this
separateness of students and fac-
ulty were not unrecognized by
the President of the University of
California. Clark Kerr, in his ex-
cellent book, The Uses of the Uni-
versity, laments the fact that as
the faculty rises in quality as
measured by research visibility,
it seems to have less time or in-
clination for the unspectacular'
demands of meeting classes and
meeting students. Prophetically,
he wondered how long this situa-
tion could continue before the
students, hitherto docile, made a
loud and effective complaint.
ALTHOUGH there were many
factors which contributed to the
fall festivities at Berkeley, I be-
lieve the central reason was the
university's failure to recognize
that its first responsibility is ,o
teach rather than to seek and
support brilliant but generally in-
accessible scholars and research-
ers. As a result, there was no
sense of educational community:
rather there developed a chasm
which could no longer be bridged
by 'conversation, only by angry
shouts, defiance and civil dis-
obedience. Since many faculty
readily rallied to support of the
rebellious students, it seems they
too were uneasy about the drift
toward alienation.
Berkeley is not alone in its un-
willingness or its inability to put
and administration in curriculun
review, in planning a residential
college, in managing large !ourses,
in training and supervising our
growing number of teaching fel-
lows.
In general, contrary to the sit-
uation at Berkeley, there is a
healthy and hopeful commitment
to teaching on this campus. But
we have our thin spots. Specifi-
cally, there are three areas that
need continuing attention if we
are to improve the status of teach-
er and teaching.
THE FIRST is to use all our
imagination, resourcefulness and
research skill in discovering,
evaluating and rewarding our
teachers. Books and articles pro-
duced by a faculty member are
an important but not infallible
guide to teaching effectiveness.
There are many examples of dis-
tinguished scholars who are stim-
ulating writers but who are deadly
in the classroom. Conversely, there
are first-rate teachers with fresh
and lively insights who have ro
national reputation, no impressive
biblography, only a steadily in-
creasing number of grateful stu-
dents.
Ideally, a happy combination of
teaching excellence and research
is whatnall deans and department
chairmen yearn for. A Michel-
angelo or an Abelard, however, is
hard to come by (besides, the
private lives of these stimulating
spirits would undoubtedly violate
at least one Regents' by-law).
There must be less reluctance to
recognize and promote our good
"7
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ASSOCIATE DEAN JAMES H. ROBERT-
SON of the literary college is the ad-
ministrator concerned with the varied prob-
lems of students in the literary college. A
graduate of New York University, he re-
ceived his doctorate in English from the
University. He joined the University faculty
in 1938 and became associate dean in 1957.
He is chairman of the administrative board
of the literary college and recently author-
ed a book on counseling.
'Through A Glass Darkly'
ACCORDING TO THE Atomic Energy
Commission, the United States is ex-
panding its underground nuclear testing.
Within the legal limits of the test ban
treaty, larger underground test caverns
are being constructed to permit "higher
yield underground detonations."
Furthermore; the AEC said that the
equipment and plans for swift resump-
tion, of atmospheric testing of nuclear
weapons are essentially completed and
ready for use if the pact is violated by
any nation.
Geologists also proclaim that testing in
the new Pahute Mesa area will not shake
the nearby off-site communities as read-
ily as detonations in other parts of the
Nevada test station.
WE NOW HAVE the scientists and re-
sources adequate to drill passageways
13,670 feet in depth which connect to
caverns 900 cubic yards in size to accom-
modate the nuclear detonations by means
of "decoupling." In decoupling, the device
is suspended free of direct, hard contact
with the cavern walls-this helps to keep
the adjacent earth intact.
But, the American people should be
hesitant to sanction these acceleration
measures as they consider the spirit of
the test ban treaty, which was intended to
serve not as a limit for future nuclear
testing, but as a "first step" to disarm-
ament. As Americans come closer to an
accurate evaluation of our military ex-
penditures-as it is balanced against pro-
tection from our enemies, or immunity
from atomic explosions-they will grow
more and more recalcitrant to accept the
philosophy that we should spend what-
ever necessary.
They will come to regard this age as a
period of negotiation, reduction of arms,
an age for the renewal of peace and
prosperity, a time for beginning-not a
race to the end.
PRESIDENT KENNEDY summarized the
ideals of the test ban treaty in the fall
of 1963. Though the principle has been
distorted since that time, he formulated
what we should recognize as a perceptive
and accurate appraisal of our tasks in
clearing the way for peace:
"Now for the first time in many
years the path of peace may be open-
ed. No one can be certain what the
future will bring, no one can say
whether the time has come for an
easing of the struggle. But history
and our own conscience will judge us
harshly if we do not now make every
effort to test our hopes by actions,
and this is the place to begin."
It is bravery and not cowardice which
drives a nation to negotiate for a ban
on nuclear weapons. It is the taking up of
new tasks and obligations to fulfill ideals,
and an effort to preserve peace and rap-
port between nations-not the mechan-
istic, defensive manufacture of bigger,
deadlier weapons. But it can be only fear,
which drives a nation to be ever on the
defensive, pouring more and more money7,
manpower and resources to insure--or at-
tempt to insure-the nation against for-
eign military potential.
E HAVE HAD our moments of glory;
we have given birth to some of the
greatest and most perceptive leaders in
history; but their greatness was expend-
ed for a past age, their insight exhausted
on other problems. It is for the present
generation to struggle for the preserva-
tion of the human race.
There is no glory in fear. There is no
reason in force. This matter will become
more and more clear as time progresses,
as we come to assess our motives as a
nation more completely. Hopefully, this
assessment will come before the holocaust
of nuclear war, for as the prophet said,
"now we see through a glass, darkly; but
then face to face."
-DICK WINGFIELD
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Plea for Joint Union-Leagu
To the Editor;
ON FEBRUARY 10, all male uni-
versity students will be asked
to cast a vote in the Michigan
Union Referendum. The referen-
dum will read: "Moved that the
Michigan Union adopt the consti-
tution and the corresponding
amendment change in the articles
of association, as approved by the
Michigan Union Board of Direc-
tors on December 9, 1964."
Work on the merger of the
League and the Union began in
October 1962. A c o m m itt e e,
chaired by Associate Dean of the
literary college, James H. Robert-
son, composed of students, fac-
ulty and administrators, spent a
considerable amount of time in
formulating plans for a merger.
When this committee submitted
its report to the Regents early
in 1963, it recommended a total
merger of the two organizations
involving both the governing
boards and the student activities.
THE REGENTS, however, ob-
jected to the idea of a total mer-
ger but did give their assent to
the merger of student-activities.
Joint meetings were held through-
out the 1964 academic year, the
final form of the merger took
shape in December, 1964, and is
now being submitted to Union
members for their approval.
The effect of the referendum,
if it has the approval of Union
members, will be to merge the
undergraduate office of the League
and the activities wing of the
Union. One unified activities staff
will result, led by students respon-
sible to both governing hoards.
This reorganization will reflect a
changing University-a growing
student body and an expanding
physical plant.
IN TERMS of personnel, the
merged group (to be known as the
University Activities Center) will
have wider appeal to the campus
and will continue to attract people
of the highest caliber. By permit-
ting women to help plan, direct
and manage the programs, we will
have a greater range of opinion
that will better reflect and serve
a co-educational institution.
Pooling stations will be open
from 9 to 5 Wednesday. Stations
will be located in the lobby of the
Union and the Fishbowl.1
members and full-time s
will be eligible to vote.
We strongly urge your
support of the referendum.
-James L. Kropf, '66
L. Charles Cooper, '
Michael H. Holmes,I
Dirk B. Landis, '66E
John W. Warren, '68
Jerrold L. Becker, '6
Michael D. Broome,
Susan J. Webb, '65
All life
tudents
positive
66
66
6
6BAd
'66E
first things first. Many state uni-
versities, struggling with mount-
ing enrollments, do not have the
financial resources necessary to
maintain research distinction as
well as to hire additional teachers.
Since competent faculty and high
quality graduate students are at-
tracted to those institutions which
have distinguished research schol-
ars, project funds and research
facilities, it is not surprising that
top priority goes to these impor-
tant objectives. Ironically, in the
understandable emphasis on im-
proving the institutional research
image the educational commit-
ment to teaching comes off sec-
ond best.
DESPITE the clear and present
need for the recruitment and
training of competent teachers
and the qualitative improvement
of teaching, the present priorities
of preferment on most campuses
are still tipped in favor of the
brilliant and promising research-
er who can attract project money,
and graduate students and add
lustre to the staff. 'In local par-
lance, these are the "race horses"
with visible and tangible achieve-
ments to their credit, who get fat
and frequent offers from other
institutions. Those who are pri-
marily concerned with teaching,
with advising students, with cur-
riculum review, but who have
modest bibliographies, are the
"work horses" who plod along the
road in the dust of their fast mov-
ing colleagues. (Given the present
criteria for preferment on many
campuses, even a superb teacher
like Jesus could hope to get no
more than a one semester visiting
lectureship in ethics. After all,
what did le publish?)
Admittedly, modern major uni-
versities have an obligation for
research and for the creation of
new knowledge, but unless this
function is demonstrably and in-
timately tied in with teaching, it
can become a Trojan Horse. Al-
though teaching is harder to
evaluate than is a list of books
and articles, it must be restored
to an honored, recognized, cen-
tral status if universities are to
stop the drift toward non-
teaching.
ALTHOUGH some of the weak-
ness of this imbalance between
teaching and research are present
at the University, the local situa-
tion is not without its strengths.
There are many superb, dedicated
teachers on our faculty with and
without distinguished scholarly
reputations. The quality of teach-
ing is a factor in determining
promotions or merit increases
(provided. however. there are sup-
porting pu'lications). Outstand-
ing teachers are recognized by
annual awards. Faculty members
are actively involved witn stu-
dents, not only in an academic
adviingl iationshin hut na n-
teachers. And, there should be
careful scrutiny of the role of
researchers, no matter how dis-
tinguished, who have little time
or talent to devote to students.
THE SECOND urgent need is to
improve the selection, training
and status of our teaching fellows.
Many departments in the litesary
college already devote much time
and attention to this group of
junior colleagues. Unfortunately,
the public image of the teaching
fellow is poor despite the fact that
Many departments in the literary
teachers. The problem comes from
the sheer numbers who now teach
and from the minority whose
heart is not in teaching and whose
pedagogical skills are either un-
developed or questionable.
Forced by the exigencies of the
budget and by belated enroll-
ment pressures, departments have
to rely on last minute, expedient
appointments simply to get enough
staff. Since undergraduate in-
struction as well as the selection
and supervision of teaching fel-
lows are interrelated teaching re-
sponsibilities of the University,
both the students and the grad-
uate student teacher are hurt
when sheer logistical necessity
dictates appointments.
More money and effort need to
be directed toward adding addi-
tional full-time faculty so there
is less reliance on "emergency"
teaching fellow appointments. This
essential investment would reduce
the high percentage of classes now
taught by teaching fellows, and
would also permit an improve-
ment in the quality, salary and
training of the teaching fuliows
we hire.
THE FINAL POINT bears on
the educational value of involv-
ing students more actively in the
learning process. Without ques-
tion, the quality and preparation
of the students who are now con-
ing to the University has steadily
risen. To the extent that bright
and ambitious students can take
a constructive part in shaping
their education, to that extent
both the student and the literary
college can profit. We have made
some hopeful progress already--
the Honors program, the literary
college steering committee, the
Honors student steering commit-
tee, the involvement of students
on the curriculum committee and
the residential college committee,
and in many, informal meetings
with faculty and administration.
These opportunities need to be
expanded and deepened so that
more students get a chance to
understand and to feel a part of
their education. To the extent
that students can perceive more
clearly that a teacher is himself
involved in growing and learning,
to that extent their learning can
become not merely a passive ex-
perience, but one of dynamic dis-
MINNEAPOLIS SYMPHONY:
Orchestra Gives Solid,
Imposing Concert Here
DIMITRI MITROPOULOS delighted Minneapolis in the forties by
bringing it a symphony orchestra; last night Stanislaw Skrowac-
zewski delighted Ann Arbor by bringing it here.
Skrowaczewski began the evening with the late Paul Hindemith's
"Concert Music for Strings and Brass Instruments." Hindemith was
known as an extremely facile composer; he was also a menningful com-
poser, and Mr. S. and the Minneapolis Symphony conveyed this in
their interpretation.
ALTHOUGH THE first movement, "Moderate, with force," was
almost slow and, hence, less than forceful, the symphony supplied
the excellent intonation and strong string-brass balance necessary.
Then the fun began as the orchestra contrasted the heaviness of the
first movement with the colorful speed of the second. Indeed the or-
chestra fused its breathtaking technique with the conductor's beauti-
ful sense of poignancy making the second movement itself a stirring
study in contrasts between Hindemith's blindingly fast fugual sections
and the much slower parts.
Henryk Szyering then performed Karol Szymanowski's Concerto
No. 2 for Violin. Szymanowski, a kind of Polish Bartok, wrote that genre
of glittering nationalist showpieces that constantly runs the danger of
being debauched by an overly ardent conductor. But soloist and con-
ductor retained the piece's exciting color without overstating it.
College Manifesto
THE MOST EXCITING document to
come out of the literary college in a
Long time is described on the front page of
today's Daily.
The report's title-"Some Issues in Con-
trolling the Size of the College"-is an
understatement. It is, in fact, a compre-
hensive manifesto on the future of the
literary college, transcending questions of
tive points are so speculative as to be al-
most comical: after a lengthy mathemati-
cal bout with statewide enrollment fig-
ures, it comes up with a projected 1975
University enrollment of 15,000-52,000
students and adds, "a middle figure of 34,-
000 may then be a reasonable guess." And
its recommendations-such as a sub-
stantial cutback of freshmen and sopho-
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