I
Seventy-First Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
ere Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
'ruth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be.#oted in all reprints.
, MARCH 18, 1961
NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN FARRELL
Fair Representation
Based on Desire to Serve
"Goodness, Are You The Beat And Angry Young
Men I've Heard So Much About?"
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INTER]
N TUESDAY AND Wednesday the ,male
members of the student body will be asked
select one of two men to represent them
i the Board in Control of Intercollegiate
,hletics.
Student participation on the Boards in Con-
ol of Intercollegiate Athletics and Student
ablications and the Union Board of Directors'
a long standing University tradition incor-
rated in the Bylaws of the Board of Regents.
The student members of these boards must
elected by the student body in the spring
mester.
And as may be expected the students that
ek election to these posts usually have had
:erience in the organization in which they
>pe to gain board member status. It is the
le rather than the exception. that former
aion executive councilors are elected to the
nion Board, and that former Daily, Ensian
id Generation staff members are elected to
.e Student Publications Board, and varsity
hletes are selected for the Board in Control
Intercollegiate Athletics.
T THE CASE of the Board in Control of
Intercollegiate Athletics the question of fair
presentation can, } however, be raised. Stu-
nts seeking election to the Board in Control
Student Publications and the Union Board
Directors must cirqulate a petition and turn
in with one hundred signatures before being
igible to run.
This manner of nomination, which demands
,udent initiative, is also available for election
the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Ath-
tics (though 300 ysignatures are necessary).
owever, unlike the other Boards there is an-
her method by which a student can be nomi-
ated to run for the athletic control group.
Regents Bylaw [29.08.(4)] states that two
,ndidates may be nominated by a board con-
sting of the intramural managers and the
udent managers. of the several athletic teams.
I' IS IN REGARD to this bylaw that the
problem of student representation arises.
y it the Board of Managers has successfully
anaged to control the student election for the
isitions on the Boar.d in Control of Inter-
ilegiate Athletics.
In each of the last three years no student
TNG' T
has taken out a petition to run for the Board
in Control of Intercollegiate Athletics. As a
result, the Board of Managers has named two
contestants shortly before election time.
The fact that no male student has taken out
a petition since 1958 and that the Board of
Managers has nominated the candidates ar6
easily related.
ANY MALE student, athlete or not, is eligible
to take out a petition. However, the Board
of Managers always has selected two varsity
athletes as their choices to run. An unknown
student has little chance of defeating a publi-
cizod and popular athlete. And if a non-athlete
does petition it would only be a signal for
swifter action by the Board of Managers.
This method, which takes the initiative out of
the student's hands, might even be tolerable
if the selected athletes were willing candidates.
However, last year the two nominated athletes
were unaware of the selection until just before
the election. Tom Osterland (who was elected)
and Gordon (Red) Berenson said that they
were nominated without their knowledge or
previous consent. Neither Osterland or Beren-
son campaigned for election, though both
stated their willingness to serve the best inter-
ests of the. student body if elected.
UNLIKE STUDENT Publications or Union
'staff members, the athlete has little or no
experience with administration, especially when
he is still a sophomore at election time. Though
certain athletes may in fact be the most quali-
fled students to serve on the Board, the method
by which they are currently elected is not in
the best interest of the student body.
Student membership on Boards of Control
is a right not granted at every university.
Student participation at the University must
be maintained to keep the channels of com-
munications between student and administra-
tors open. -
What must be done however, is self-evident.
Student participation on the Board in Control
of Intercollegiate Athletics, if it is to be mean-
ingful and fair representation, must be based
'on student initiative and desire to serve and
not on the seemingly arbitrary selection of two
varsity athletes by the Board of Managers.
-HAROLD APPLEBAUM
Associate Editorial Director
U.S. Moves into Line
On Nationalist Revolt
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
THE UNITED STATES moved ever so slightly Wednesday night to-
ward what is for her a more natural relationship with the nation-
alist revolution which has been taking place in the world.
She abandoned, at least for this once, the tightrope of abstention
by whicA she has been attempting to maintain a precarious balance
in the United Nations between the
pendence and the interests of some
of her allies in the remaining tat-
ters of colonialism.
She sided with the small nations
in their contention that Portugal
must now start doing something
toward preparing Angola for in-
dependence.
The Portuguese dictatorship has
been following a stern and inflex--
ible policy, toward the African
area she calls an overseas prov-
ince, after the French custom with t
regard to Algeria. No program
looking toward establishment of a
native political entity has been
permitted. The farthest Portugal
has gone has been to offer Portu-
guese citizenship to natives who
can meet difficult qualifications.
The Security Council-includ-.
ing Britain and France which still
have their colonial problems-de-
cided that the Angola situation
did not represent a threat to
peace and refused a resolution de-
manding reforms. The issue will
go to the General Assembly.
But before Adlai Stevenson had
finished speaking, the attitude of
the United States had transcend-E
ed the immediate point at issue. C
Enunciating a policy decided t
upon only a short time before
the meeting, Stevenson asserted
the right of the United Statesto t
advise -Portugal as a friend that,
her policies might eventually lead
to a threat of war such as has
occurred elsewhere in Africa.
He thus broke the front ,q
waiting and ,maneuver' by which
the western powers have tried to
gain time.
That does not mean the Unit-
ed States has decided time is not
needed for orderly transition in
the face of Communist threats of
disorderly takeover of emerging
peoples.
It does not suggest that the
United States is beginning to real-
ize what can happen to her own
position in the world if time runs
on too loft.
It is an 'assertion of leadership
where leadership has been serious-
ly needed. It is an expression of
traditional American principles
which, may pay off where diplor
matic pussyfooting, has not.
burgeoning movement for inde-
~DAILY
OFFICIAL
BUIXETIN
(Continued from Page 2)
Supervisory position in Prod. Mgmnt.
Hercules Powder Co., Michigan &E.
Coast-Summer Employment. Jrs. In
ChE.
Tevas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, Tex.
--All Degrees: ChE, EE, E. Physics.
Physics. BS-MS: ME. MS:PhD: Met.
Des., R. '& D., Prod.
Jervis B. Webb Co., Detroit-BS-MSS
ME Des., R. & D., Sales.
MARCH 21-23-
General Motors Corp.-Summer Em-
ployment: All De~grees: EE, EM. IE, ME
& Met, Chemistry, Math & Physics.
BS: E. Math & E. Physics. Interested
in students, completing above degrees,
for Summer Employment. Des.. R. s
D., Prod.
Part-Time
Employment
The following part - time jobs are
available. Applications for these jobs
can be made in the Non-Academia
Personnel Office Room 1020 Administra-
tion Building, during the following
hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00,
a.m. to 12:30 p.m.
Employers desirous of hiring part-
time or temporary employes should
contact Jack Lardie at NO 3-1511, ext.
2939.
Students desiring miscellaneous Jobs
should consult the bulletin board in
Rmn. 1020 daily.
MALE
1-Experienced person to help serve at
luncheon table Wednesday, March
22, from 12:45 til 3:30.
1-Experienced car salesman, as many
hours as possible.
2-Experienced electronics technicians,
half-time.
1-=Salesman, commission basis; must
have car.
1-Experienced Golf instructor, prefer
grad, student afternoons & eve-
nings, hours flexible.
1-Experienced salesman, for men's
wear Monday thru Thursday 1-6
p.m., Friday 1-9 p.m., Saturday 9
a~m.-6 p.m.
FEMALE
1--Experienced person to help serve at
luncheon table Wednesday, March
22 from 12:45 til 3:30.
1-Student 'wife, with training in Artb
& Crafts or occupational therapy,
9 a.m.-11:30 a.m., Mon.-Fri.
7-Psychological subjects, (21 or over,
for drug .experiments).:
1-Secreary, full-time for six weeks,
8 a.m.-5 p.m.
4
A
I
LEFTIST INFILTRATION:
Castro and Public Education
Abstentions Must Be Explained
- PRINCIPLE ABSTENTION is a valid form
of political participation. However, the ques-
n of when and how abstention is'justifiable
raised by the actions of certain Student
vernment Council members on the "Opera-
n Abolition" motion. Per Hanson left the
eting before the vote because, as he explain-
later, he objected to having a roll call vote.
t he was previously disturbed because the
mil was debating personalities and not
Les. Myra Goines was absent from the meet-
, but stated that if she had been there
probably would have abstained because
lacked sufficient information to cast an
elligent vote.
First a distinction must be made between
stention and leaving the meeting during a
1 call vote. Abstention is the statement of a
itest which cannot be* registered by a vote
yes or no; but it is a positive statement of'
position. Walking out may be a more dra-
tic move, thus, as Hanson believes, morer
ongly emphasize a -protest, but politically
an see it only as a negative action. When a
1 call vote is taken, it is a member's respon-
ility both to his constituents and to his own
sition as he has stated it in previous debate,
frankly take a position. Failing to do so may
y be interpreted as an unwillingness, for
atever reasons may be imputed, to come
a decision which a council member con-.
ers well-grounded enough to have recorded.
HOUGH I CAN see no circumstances under
which a person may justifiably deny his'
ponsibility to vote, there are circumstances
der which abstention may serve to register
ionstructive protest. Roger Seasonwein's ab-
ntion two years ago was such a protest. SGC
s voting on a motion to change the newly-
tituted womens' spring rush back to the fall
h system. Seasonwein abstained because
believed that more constructive alternatives
ght to be considered before the Council
ched a final decision.
?bstention because all possibilities have not
n explored is parallel to conceivable situa-
ris of protest that the Council has not spent
sufficient amount of time considering a
tion or that the Council's methods have not
mn objectiveor appropriate.
t ALL OF THESE situations the aim of
abstention is to state that certain relevant
brmation or criteria has been -neglected in
iving at a decision. Thus it is -a member's
ponsibility to bring this information to the
uncil's attention before the vote is taken
i to state that under these conditions he will
stain. If objections are based on valid, well-
question whether or not a person's reasons
were well-grounded. In this case the person
abstaining may rationalize, may be accused of
rationalizing his own actions, and others may
easily impute motives that may or may not
be true.
For instance, Seasonwein's abstention was a
week before elections, and eyoked the comment
from the Daily that he "may have been afraid
to commit himself for fear of alienating one
group or another." (The fall rush motion was
favored by affiliates and criticized by in-
dependents.) Likewise Hanson's action may be
construed as an attempt to avoid taking a
definite position on a controversial issue im-
mediately before an election.
MYRA GOINES' STATEMENT that she lack-
ed sufficient information to vote and thus
would have abstained if she had been at the
meeting raises another problem. Seasonwein
informed the Council in October that he would
introduce a motion on Operation Abolition
within the coming months. Hence it was the
responsibility of each Council member to
gather information on the film. Second, dis-
regarding this fact, SGC saw the film at a
meeting and -afterward heard lengthy debate
from both members and constituents both for
and against the motion. I can see no justifiable
reason for feeling unprepared to cast a re-
sponsible vote.
THIS USE OF abstention leads to considera-
tion of another use in the same area. A
basic issue in the present campaign is whether
or not the expression of student opinion on
such issues as Operation Abolition and the
sit-ins is within the function and purpose of
SGC. Abstention may very likely become a
useful way for members to protest that the
Council is improperly overstepping its jurisdic -
tion.
The major arguments for this view are first
that this is none of SGC's concern-that only
campus events have any direct effect on stu-
dents at the University. Would such a person
advocate that SGC separate the implications
of the PiL Delta Theta case at Lake Forest
from the fraternity's Michigan chapter, or
separate the underlying principles behind
Wayne's controversy over the removal of the
speaker ban from the present disagreement
with the lecture committee? I don't see that
such separation is feasibly possible. The second
argument is that such concerns are valid, but
that immediate campus issues are being ne-
glected. A survey of the issues which SGC has
been concerned with this year, would deny this
statement. Therefore, though a minority ab-
(Mr. Wallace, a Wall Street Jour-
nal edrrespondent, has just return-
ed from a year of reporting in Cuba.
This article is reprinted from the.
Journal.)
By JAMES N. WALLACE
OVIET RUSSIA is "a nation
formed by the union of var-
ious republics . . . where there's
no exploitation of men by men
and where the goods of production
belong to the people."
The Organization of American
States is "utilized by Yankee im-
perialism to impose its policies in
the Latin countries."'
Such isl some of the basic raw
material for one of the Castro
regime's most sweeping programs:
A campaign which Fidel Castro
claims will wipe out illiteracy in
Cuba by the end of this year, and
which obviously is intended to be
one of the most ambitious indoc-
trination efforts ever attempted
anywhere.
Thertwo definitions above are
typical selections from the vocab-
ulary section of "Alfabeticemos,"
a slender, seldom-publicized vol-
ume designed as the literacy cam-
paign's basic teaching manual. It
also may become the guidebook
for rewriting the country's pri-
mary text books. The booklet and
others with the same themes will
be carried into remote mountain
villages and steamy sugar cane
plantations by "alfabetizadors," a
small army being mobilized to
teach reading and writing-and
the anti-American, pro-Commu-
nist notions of the Castro gov-
ernment.
Some of the alfabetizadors will
be a corps of "Sierra Maestra
volunteers," young men and wom-
en put through three months of
grueling paramilitary training to
prepare them physically and psy-
chologically to teach the island's
most backward peasants. Others
will be school children; the cur-
rent scheme calls for mobilizing
100,00.0 sixth, seventh and eighth
graders into an "army of educa-
tion" which will forego its own
lessons for nearly a year while
teaching others. To spread the
sense of participation, a favorite
Castro regime technique, the pub-
lic is constantly urged to donate
books, pencils, paper, blackboards
and cash for the campaign against
illiteracy. All in all it could prove
one of the most fundamental
works of the Castro government,
and one whose effects may last
long after the premier and his
revolutionary henchmen are gone.
* * *
NO ONE, OF COURSE, really
argues about the need for more
education in Cuba. Although the
country is ranked among the most
literate in Latin America, public
education is far from general and
probably no more than 70 per cent
of the island's 6 million people are
truly "literate" enough to do more
than scrawl their names or read
the simplest words. As inmost un-
derdeveloped lands the worst
problem is in rural areas, where
teachers are few and schools few-
er. Castro's "year of education,"
oa- 1961 is nfficially nroclaimed.
first readers. The introduction, a
general guide for teachers of both
young and old illiterates, makes
clear such basic themes as "Fidel
is our leader,", which certainly is
true, and "the revolution converts
police posts into schools," which
demonstrably isn't in the police
state atmosphere of Cuba today.
There's also a revealing discussion
of "friends and enemies." Friends
are Communist China, Russia and
other "socialist countries"; the
enemy is imperialism "as in U.S.
monopolists."
The vocabulary section is even
more unusual. Nowhere are there
any of the simple "the man is
tall" or "the cat is gray" phrases
usually considered basic steps in
learning to read any language.
Instead there are words such as
"auto-aggression," defined as a
'tactic of imperialism," and
phrases like "world disarma-
ment," which is "a proposal made
by Soviet Russia to end the arms
race * . . and promote peaceful
co-existence." The strange and
strained vocabulary may serve as
a good guide to' Fidel Castro's im-
passioned rhetoric, but it seems
of doubtful use to beginning read-
ers.
THE LITERACY BOOKLET is
only a wider-scale application of
the sort of thing that's been in-
jected into Cuban schools for
months. A picture pamphlet titled
"So-called Democracy" distribut-
ed in grade schools late last fall
attacked the U.S. viciously. After
describing and picturing such
"common" American attributes as
"vanity," "treason," "prejudice"
and "gluttony" it ended with a
poem on race relations in the U.S.
The last stanza:
I swear to you, Uncle Sam,
That one day in Algiers or Siam,
As is done with all the dead,
We will bury close together
The dollar and the Ku Klux
Klan.-
Like so much else in revolu-
tionary Cuba, the beginnings of
the literacy campaign were exem-
plary and limited to what could
have been achieved if the regime
had stuck to its original goals.
The general idea, as nearly as it
can be discerned through the po-
litical glaze that's been applied'
since, was to create a corps of
teachers to help develop Cuba's
most backward area, the rugged,
primitive Sierra Maestra moun-
tains on the eastern end of the
island. Food of all kinds will grow
there, but because of ignorance
the peasants live on beans and im-
ported dried codfish. Few chil-
dren ever see the inside of a school
and diseases weaken both young
and old.
The Sierra Maestra volunters
would teach reading, writing and
simple arithmetic. They'd also
promote better agriculture and
serve in remote villages as a com-
bination policeman, doctor, law-
yer, parish priest and registrar
of vital statistics. But by the time
the first 1,000 volunteers, many of
them, incidentally. lured mainly
hv the nromise of a $100 bonus.
every day, instruction with Spring-
field and Garand rifles and reg-
ular guard duty, albeit with un-
loaded guns.
* * *
ONE GIRL WHO finished the
course-a third, of the original
volunteers dropped out because of
the rugged living conditions-says
that despite all the effort and
long hours she "felt incompetent
to go back to the Sierra and teach
peasants. It simply wasn't an ef-
fective way to teach teachers.
Half the people who finished
weren't equipped to teach any-
thing. We were supposed, to learn
a, lot about agriculture but we
never did anything like. that."
Still, subsequent courses put even
more stress on military drill, In-
cluding training with machine
guns, and political indoctrinaT
tion.
It has become evident that the
main duty of teachers who do go
back to the mountains now is or-
ganizing the suspicious, highly in-
dividualistic Sierra peasants into
properly revolutionary "social
units." The teachers also obvious-
ly must be politically reliable;
they're counted on to keep the
military informed of 'any counter-
revolutionary stirrings in their
areas.
This year both aims and tech-
niques became more grandiose. Il-
literacy would be wiped away in
a matter of months by an "army
of -education." Details are fuzzy
but thebasic idea seems a sort
of Children's Crusade of 100,000
public school pupils from sixth
grade to high school. Their school
term is scheduled to close April
15 and not re-open until next Jan-
uary; for eight and a half months
the pupils will turn teachers, fan-
nig out all over Cuba to combat
illiteracy. The 'logistics, of all this
apparently haven't been worked
out, but by contemporary Cuban
standards such planning takes
second place to enthusiasm.
Some observers, particularly
harried private school officials,
fear the "army of education" era
also will be used to reorganize
Cuba's entire school system and
bring all educationunder direct
government control. The 2,000 or
so private schools, the real main-
stay of education in the country,
still are theoretically independent,
though naturally subject to stead-
ily increasing government super-
vision. They're considered seed
beds of counter-revolution by the
regime, however, and probably will
be taken over before many months.
Roughly a third of the private
schools are run by the Catholic
Church, so "nationalism" of edu-
cation also could bring on the.
final break between Castro andj
the church.
Many Cubans fear recently in-
troduced "registration forms" re-
quired of all private and public
school pupils also are preparing
the way for a complete takeover of
education--and more prying into
the family circle. In addition to
normal questions about education-
al background, the four-page
questionnaires probe such subjects
as parents' financial position. ed-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Hopwood Requirements
Questioned bY Student
To the Editor:
I AM PROTESTING the 'ntrance
requirement for the Hopwood
Awards in Creative Writing which
reads "All undergraduate students
.. may compete, provided they
are enrolled in one course in com-
position in the Department of Eng-
lish Language and Literature or in
the Department of Journalism for
at least one semester of 1960-61."
It is one thing to require comn
petitors to be enrolled in the Uni-
versity with a passing average.
This is understandable, for Ayery
Hopwood obviously 'wished to en-
-courage creative writing among,
students at his alma mater, where
he got his own start. It is another
thing to require them to be en-
rolled in a composition course. I'
cannot think, of a sound reason
for this rule.
If, the Hopwood Committee
wishes to: require a certain level
of writing competence, it should
ask entrants to submit a sample,
of their work. But to assume that
enrollment in a composition course
has a necessary relation to ca-
pacity or interest in creative writ-
ing is illogical. What if a student
wishes to submit something done
for another course, or on his own?
What if he has taken composition
courses before 1960-61, and can-
not fit them into his schedule
for that year? In such cases, the
requirement acts as an arbitrary
bar which discourages students
from putting forth their best lit-,
erary 'efforts for these distinguish-
ed awards.
Unless this entrance require-
ment is stated in Mr. Hopwood's
testament, the Hopwood Commit-
tee should alter or eliminate it
immediately.,
-Hiugh Witemeyer, '61
Religion, Science..
To the Editor:
DEAN Harold K. Schilling is re-
ported as saying (Daily, March
12) that science and religion are
not incompatible, and that he is
puzzled by the widespread notion
of antagonism between the two
forces. But are they compatible?
It is true that the position of
the (Christian) church has chang-
ed as new scientific ideas have
been developed. But the changes
many people, both scientists and
non-scientists. To take one exam-
ple: it is held that each new baby
is born a sinner and should there-
fore devote the rest of its life to
prayer and fear of God in order
that it might, eventually be -for-
given. This is a remarkable (and
evil) assumption, for which there
is no basis 'whatsoever. Such a
view isbcertainly not compatible
with scientific thought.
* * *
THIE BIBLE IS full of threats
of everlasting fire for would-be -
sinners. Christians will argue that
one should not take everything in
the Bible literally. But where does
one draw the line? And how could
one expect simple people to under-
stand exactly what was literal and
what was not. Over the centuries
these teachings'have misled count-
less thousands of people and have
resulted in some of the most ap-
palling crimes in history. Contin-
ued acceptance of many of the
teachings of the Bible is certainly
not compatible with science.
One wonders how many scien-
tists find religion compatible with
science. It is perhaps not sur-
prising that if a scientist turns
to religion he is usually a physi-
cist or mathematician, and not
a biologist.
-D. F. Owen
Per feet Uion. .
To the Editor:
A :w MONTHSago, there
arose spontaneously in the
middle room of the Union an or-
ganization protesting various ac-
tions by the Union Board. The
organization, USPU (Undesirable
Students for a Perfect Union),
stands united behind its Grand
Statement. "We the Undesirables,
in order to form a more perfect
Union, do hereby proclaim our
seat and Water rights in the Mich-
igan Union." It remains loyal to
its Royal Mascot, Winnie-the-
Pooh and to its magnificent mot-
to, "Pooh .you!"
USPU has had a problem of
late: it cannot determine its no-
ble membership list. Its courageous
constitution states: "USPU shall
be composed of all undesirables as
defined by the Union Board, whose
names appear- 'on the noble list."
4