I Seventy-First Year EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ere Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS 'ruth Will Prevail" STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241 Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be.#oted in all reprints. , MARCH 18, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: SUSAN FARRELL Fair Representation Based on Desire to Serve "Goodness, Are You The Beat And Angry Young Men I've Heard So Much About?" ''a " - L - ode ", Y f A. a i fi mss co- INTER] N TUESDAY AND Wednesday the ,male members of the student body will be asked select one of two men to represent them i the Board in Control of Intercollegiate ,hletics. Student participation on the Boards in Con- ol of Intercollegiate Athletics and Student ablications and the Union Board of Directors' a long standing University tradition incor- rated in the Bylaws of the Board of Regents. The student members of these boards must elected by the student body in the spring mester. And as may be expected the students that ek election to these posts usually have had :erience in the organization in which they >pe to gain board member status. It is the le rather than the exception. that former aion executive councilors are elected to the nion Board, and that former Daily, Ensian id Generation staff members are elected to .e Student Publications Board, and varsity hletes are selected for the Board in Control Intercollegiate Athletics. T THE CASE of the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Athletics the question of fair presentation can, } however, be raised. Stu- nts seeking election to the Board in Control Student Publications and the Union Board Directors must cirqulate a petition and turn in with one hundred signatures before being igible to run. This manner of nomination, which demands ,udent initiative, is also available for election the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Ath- tics (though 300 ysignatures are necessary). owever, unlike the other Boards there is an- her method by which a student can be nomi- ated to run for the athletic control group. Regents Bylaw [29.08.(4)] states that two ,ndidates may be nominated by a board con- sting of the intramural managers and the udent managers. of the several athletic teams. I' IS IN REGARD to this bylaw that the problem of student representation arises. y it the Board of Managers has successfully anaged to control the student election for the isitions on the Boar.d in Control of Inter- ilegiate Athletics. In each of the last three years no student TNG' T has taken out a petition to run for the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Athletics. As a result, the Board of Managers has named two contestants shortly before election time. The fact that no male student has taken out a petition since 1958 and that the Board of Managers has nominated the candidates ar6 easily related. ANY MALE student, athlete or not, is eligible to take out a petition. However, the Board of Managers always has selected two varsity athletes as their choices to run. An unknown student has little chance of defeating a publi- cizod and popular athlete. And if a non-athlete does petition it would only be a signal for swifter action by the Board of Managers. This method, which takes the initiative out of the student's hands, might even be tolerable if the selected athletes were willing candidates. However, last year the two nominated athletes were unaware of the selection until just before the election. Tom Osterland (who was elected) and Gordon (Red) Berenson said that they were nominated without their knowledge or previous consent. Neither Osterland or Beren- son campaigned for election, though both stated their willingness to serve the best inter- ests of the. student body if elected. UNLIKE STUDENT Publications or Union 'staff members, the athlete has little or no experience with administration, especially when he is still a sophomore at election time. Though certain athletes may in fact be the most quali- fled students to serve on the Board, the method by which they are currently elected is not in the best interest of the student body. Student membership on Boards of Control is a right not granted at every university. Student participation at the University must be maintained to keep the channels of com- munications between student and administra- tors open. - What must be done however, is self-evident. Student participation on the Board in Control of Intercollegiate Athletics, if it is to be mean- ingful and fair representation, must be based 'on student initiative and desire to serve and not on the seemingly arbitrary selection of two varsity athletes by the Board of Managers. -HAROLD APPLEBAUM Associate Editorial Director U.S. Moves into Line On Nationalist Revolt By J. M. ROBERTS Associated Press News Analyst THE UNITED STATES moved ever so slightly Wednesday night to- ward what is for her a more natural relationship with the nation- alist revolution which has been taking place in the world. She abandoned, at least for this once, the tightrope of abstention by whicA she has been attempting to maintain a precarious balance in the United Nations between the pendence and the interests of some of her allies in the remaining tat- ters of colonialism. She sided with the small nations in their contention that Portugal must now start doing something toward preparing Angola for in- dependence. The Portuguese dictatorship has been following a stern and inflex-- ible policy, toward the African area she calls an overseas prov- ince, after the French custom with t regard to Algeria. No program looking toward establishment of a native political entity has been permitted. The farthest Portugal has gone has been to offer Portu- guese citizenship to natives who can meet difficult qualifications. The Security Council-includ-. ing Britain and France which still have their colonial problems-de- cided that the Angola situation did not represent a threat to peace and refused a resolution de- manding reforms. The issue will go to the General Assembly. But before Adlai Stevenson had finished speaking, the attitude of the United States had transcend-E ed the immediate point at issue. C Enunciating a policy decided t upon only a short time before the meeting, Stevenson asserted the right of the United Statesto t advise -Portugal as a friend that, her policies might eventually lead to a threat of war such as has occurred elsewhere in Africa. He thus broke the front ,q waiting and ,maneuver' by which the western powers have tried to gain time. That does not mean the Unit- ed States has decided time is not needed for orderly transition in the face of Communist threats of disorderly takeover of emerging peoples. It does not suggest that the United States is beginning to real- ize what can happen to her own position in the world if time runs on too loft. It is an 'assertion of leadership where leadership has been serious- ly needed. It is an expression of traditional American principles which, may pay off where diplor matic pussyfooting, has not. burgeoning movement for inde- ~DAILY OFFICIAL BUIXETIN (Continued from Page 2) Supervisory position in Prod. Mgmnt. Hercules Powder Co., Michigan &E. Coast-Summer Employment. Jrs. In ChE. Tevas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, Tex. --All Degrees: ChE, EE, E. Physics. Physics. BS-MS: ME. MS:PhD: Met. Des., R. '& D., Prod. Jervis B. Webb Co., Detroit-BS-MSS ME Des., R. & D., Sales. MARCH 21-23- General Motors Corp.-Summer Em- ployment: All De~grees: EE, EM. IE, ME & Met, Chemistry, Math & Physics. BS: E. Math & E. Physics. Interested in students, completing above degrees, for Summer Employment. Des.. R. s D., Prod. Part-Time Employment The following part - time jobs are available. Applications for these jobs can be made in the Non-Academia Personnel Office Room 1020 Administra- tion Building, during the following hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00, a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Employers desirous of hiring part- time or temporary employes should contact Jack Lardie at NO 3-1511, ext. 2939. Students desiring miscellaneous Jobs should consult the bulletin board in Rmn. 1020 daily. MALE 1-Experienced person to help serve at luncheon table Wednesday, March 22, from 12:45 til 3:30. 1-Experienced car salesman, as many hours as possible. 2-Experienced electronics technicians, half-time. 1-=Salesman, commission basis; must have car. 1-Experienced Golf instructor, prefer grad, student afternoons & eve- nings, hours flexible. 1-Experienced salesman, for men's wear Monday thru Thursday 1-6 p.m., Friday 1-9 p.m., Saturday 9 a~m.-6 p.m. FEMALE 1--Experienced person to help serve at luncheon table Wednesday, March 22 from 12:45 til 3:30. 1-Student 'wife, with training in Artb & Crafts or occupational therapy, 9 a.m.-11:30 a.m., Mon.-Fri. 7-Psychological subjects, (21 or over, for drug .experiments).: 1-Secreary, full-time for six weeks, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. 4 A I LEFTIST INFILTRATION: Castro and Public Education Abstentions Must Be Explained - PRINCIPLE ABSTENTION is a valid form of political participation. However, the ques- n of when and how abstention is'justifiable raised by the actions of certain Student vernment Council members on the "Opera- n Abolition" motion. Per Hanson left the eting before the vote because, as he explain- later, he objected to having a roll call vote. t he was previously disturbed because the mil was debating personalities and not Les. Myra Goines was absent from the meet- , but stated that if she had been there probably would have abstained because lacked sufficient information to cast an elligent vote. First a distinction must be made between stention and leaving the meeting during a 1 call vote. Abstention is the statement of a itest which cannot be* registered by a vote yes or no; but it is a positive statement of' position. Walking out may be a more dra- tic move, thus, as Hanson believes, morer ongly emphasize a -protest, but politically an see it only as a negative action. When a 1 call vote is taken, it is a member's respon- ility both to his constituents and to his own sition as he has stated it in previous debate, frankly take a position. Failing to do so may y be interpreted as an unwillingness, for atever reasons may be imputed, to come a decision which a council member con-. ers well-grounded enough to have recorded. HOUGH I CAN see no circumstances under which a person may justifiably deny his' ponsibility to vote, there are circumstances der which abstention may serve to register ionstructive protest. Roger Seasonwein's ab- ntion two years ago was such a protest. SGC s voting on a motion to change the newly- tituted womens' spring rush back to the fall h system. Seasonwein abstained because believed that more constructive alternatives ght to be considered before the Council ched a final decision. ?bstention because all possibilities have not n explored is parallel to conceivable situa- ris of protest that the Council has not spent sufficient amount of time considering a tion or that the Council's methods have not mn objectiveor appropriate. t ALL OF THESE situations the aim of abstention is to state that certain relevant brmation or criteria has been -neglected in iving at a decision. Thus it is -a member's ponsibility to bring this information to the uncil's attention before the vote is taken i to state that under these conditions he will stain. If objections are based on valid, well- question whether or not a person's reasons were well-grounded. In this case the person abstaining may rationalize, may be accused of rationalizing his own actions, and others may easily impute motives that may or may not be true. For instance, Seasonwein's abstention was a week before elections, and eyoked the comment from the Daily that he "may have been afraid to commit himself for fear of alienating one group or another." (The fall rush motion was favored by affiliates and criticized by in- dependents.) Likewise Hanson's action may be construed as an attempt to avoid taking a definite position on a controversial issue im- mediately before an election. MYRA GOINES' STATEMENT that she lack- ed sufficient information to vote and thus would have abstained if she had been at the meeting raises another problem. Seasonwein informed the Council in October that he would introduce a motion on Operation Abolition within the coming months. Hence it was the responsibility of each Council member to gather information on the film. Second, dis- regarding this fact, SGC saw the film at a meeting and -afterward heard lengthy debate from both members and constituents both for and against the motion. I can see no justifiable reason for feeling unprepared to cast a re- sponsible vote. THIS USE OF abstention leads to considera- tion of another use in the same area. A basic issue in the present campaign is whether or not the expression of student opinion on such issues as Operation Abolition and the sit-ins is within the function and purpose of SGC. Abstention may very likely become a useful way for members to protest that the Council is improperly overstepping its jurisdic - tion. The major arguments for this view are first that this is none of SGC's concern-that only campus events have any direct effect on stu- dents at the University. Would such a person advocate that SGC separate the implications of the PiL Delta Theta case at Lake Forest from the fraternity's Michigan chapter, or separate the underlying principles behind Wayne's controversy over the removal of the speaker ban from the present disagreement with the lecture committee? I don't see that such separation is feasibly possible. The second argument is that such concerns are valid, but that immediate campus issues are being ne- glected. A survey of the issues which SGC has been concerned with this year, would deny this statement. Therefore, though a minority ab- (Mr. Wallace, a Wall Street Jour- nal edrrespondent, has just return- ed from a year of reporting in Cuba. This article is reprinted from the. Journal.) By JAMES N. WALLACE OVIET RUSSIA is "a nation formed by the union of var- ious republics . . . where there's no exploitation of men by men and where the goods of production belong to the people." The Organization of American States is "utilized by Yankee im- perialism to impose its policies in the Latin countries."' Such isl some of the basic raw material for one of the Castro regime's most sweeping programs: A campaign which Fidel Castro claims will wipe out illiteracy in Cuba by the end of this year, and which obviously is intended to be one of the most ambitious indoc- trination efforts ever attempted anywhere. Thertwo definitions above are typical selections from the vocab- ulary section of "Alfabeticemos," a slender, seldom-publicized vol- ume designed as the literacy cam- paign's basic teaching manual. It also may become the guidebook for rewriting the country's pri- mary text books. The booklet and others with the same themes will be carried into remote mountain villages and steamy sugar cane plantations by "alfabetizadors," a small army being mobilized to teach reading and writing-and the anti-American, pro-Commu- nist notions of the Castro gov- ernment. Some of the alfabetizadors will be a corps of "Sierra Maestra volunteers," young men and wom- en put through three months of grueling paramilitary training to prepare them physically and psy- chologically to teach the island's most backward peasants. Others will be school children; the cur- rent scheme calls for mobilizing 100,00.0 sixth, seventh and eighth graders into an "army of educa- tion" which will forego its own lessons for nearly a year while teaching others. To spread the sense of participation, a favorite Castro regime technique, the pub- lic is constantly urged to donate books, pencils, paper, blackboards and cash for the campaign against illiteracy. All in all it could prove one of the most fundamental works of the Castro government, and one whose effects may last long after the premier and his revolutionary henchmen are gone. * * * NO ONE, OF COURSE, really argues about the need for more education in Cuba. Although the country is ranked among the most literate in Latin America, public education is far from general and probably no more than 70 per cent of the island's 6 million people are truly "literate" enough to do more than scrawl their names or read the simplest words. As inmost un- derdeveloped lands the worst problem is in rural areas, where teachers are few and schools few- er. Castro's "year of education," oa- 1961 is nfficially nroclaimed. first readers. The introduction, a general guide for teachers of both young and old illiterates, makes clear such basic themes as "Fidel is our leader,", which certainly is true, and "the revolution converts police posts into schools," which demonstrably isn't in the police state atmosphere of Cuba today. There's also a revealing discussion of "friends and enemies." Friends are Communist China, Russia and other "socialist countries"; the enemy is imperialism "as in U.S. monopolists." The vocabulary section is even more unusual. Nowhere are there any of the simple "the man is tall" or "the cat is gray" phrases usually considered basic steps in learning to read any language. Instead there are words such as "auto-aggression," defined as a 'tactic of imperialism," and phrases like "world disarma- ment," which is "a proposal made by Soviet Russia to end the arms race * . . and promote peaceful co-existence." The strange and strained vocabulary may serve as a good guide to' Fidel Castro's im- passioned rhetoric, but it seems of doubtful use to beginning read- ers. THE LITERACY BOOKLET is only a wider-scale application of the sort of thing that's been in- jected into Cuban schools for months. A picture pamphlet titled "So-called Democracy" distribut- ed in grade schools late last fall attacked the U.S. viciously. After describing and picturing such "common" American attributes as "vanity," "treason," "prejudice" and "gluttony" it ended with a poem on race relations in the U.S. The last stanza: I swear to you, Uncle Sam, That one day in Algiers or Siam, As is done with all the dead, We will bury close together The dollar and the Ku Klux Klan.- Like so much else in revolu- tionary Cuba, the beginnings of the literacy campaign were exem- plary and limited to what could have been achieved if the regime had stuck to its original goals. The general idea, as nearly as it can be discerned through the po- litical glaze that's been applied' since, was to create a corps of teachers to help develop Cuba's most backward area, the rugged, primitive Sierra Maestra moun- tains on the eastern end of the island. Food of all kinds will grow there, but because of ignorance the peasants live on beans and im- ported dried codfish. Few chil- dren ever see the inside of a school and diseases weaken both young and old. The Sierra Maestra volunters would teach reading, writing and simple arithmetic. They'd also promote better agriculture and serve in remote villages as a com- bination policeman, doctor, law- yer, parish priest and registrar of vital statistics. But by the time the first 1,000 volunteers, many of them, incidentally. lured mainly hv the nromise of a $100 bonus. every day, instruction with Spring- field and Garand rifles and reg- ular guard duty, albeit with un- loaded guns. * * * ONE GIRL WHO finished the course-a third, of the original volunteers dropped out because of the rugged living conditions-says that despite all the effort and long hours she "felt incompetent to go back to the Sierra and teach peasants. It simply wasn't an ef- fective way to teach teachers. Half the people who finished weren't equipped to teach any- thing. We were supposed, to learn a, lot about agriculture but we never did anything like. that." Still, subsequent courses put even more stress on military drill, In- cluding training with machine guns, and political indoctrinaT tion. It has become evident that the main duty of teachers who do go back to the mountains now is or- ganizing the suspicious, highly in- dividualistic Sierra peasants into properly revolutionary "social units." The teachers also obvious- ly must be politically reliable; they're counted on to keep the military informed of 'any counter- revolutionary stirrings in their areas. This year both aims and tech- niques became more grandiose. Il- literacy would be wiped away in a matter of months by an "army of -education." Details are fuzzy but thebasic idea seems a sort of Children's Crusade of 100,000 public school pupils from sixth grade to high school. Their school term is scheduled to close April 15 and not re-open until next Jan- uary; for eight and a half months the pupils will turn teachers, fan- nig out all over Cuba to combat illiteracy. The 'logistics, of all this apparently haven't been worked out, but by contemporary Cuban standards such planning takes second place to enthusiasm. Some observers, particularly harried private school officials, fear the "army of education" era also will be used to reorganize Cuba's entire school system and bring all educationunder direct government control. The 2,000 or so private schools, the real main- stay of education in the country, still are theoretically independent, though naturally subject to stead- ily increasing government super- vision. They're considered seed beds of counter-revolution by the regime, however, and probably will be taken over before many months. Roughly a third of the private schools are run by the Catholic Church, so "nationalism" of edu- cation also could bring on the. final break between Castro andj the church. Many Cubans fear recently in- troduced "registration forms" re- quired of all private and public school pupils also are preparing the way for a complete takeover of education--and more prying into the family circle. In addition to normal questions about education- al background, the four-page questionnaires probe such subjects as parents' financial position. ed- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Hopwood Requirements Questioned bY Student To the Editor: I AM PROTESTING the 'ntrance requirement for the Hopwood Awards in Creative Writing which reads "All undergraduate students .. may compete, provided they are enrolled in one course in com- position in the Department of Eng- lish Language and Literature or in the Department of Journalism for at least one semester of 1960-61." It is one thing to require comn petitors to be enrolled in the Uni- versity with a passing average. This is understandable, for Ayery Hopwood obviously 'wished to en- -courage creative writing among, students at his alma mater, where he got his own start. It is another thing to require them to be en- rolled in a composition course. I' cannot think, of a sound reason for this rule. If, the Hopwood Committee wishes to: require a certain level of writing competence, it should ask entrants to submit a sample, of their work. But to assume that enrollment in a composition course has a necessary relation to ca- pacity or interest in creative writ- ing is illogical. What if a student wishes to submit something done for another course, or on his own? What if he has taken composition courses before 1960-61, and can- not fit them into his schedule for that year? In such cases, the requirement acts as an arbitrary bar which discourages students from putting forth their best lit-, erary 'efforts for these distinguish- ed awards. Unless this entrance require- ment is stated in Mr. Hopwood's testament, the Hopwood Commit- tee should alter or eliminate it immediately., -Hiugh Witemeyer, '61 Religion, Science.. To the Editor: DEAN Harold K. Schilling is re- ported as saying (Daily, March 12) that science and religion are not incompatible, and that he is puzzled by the widespread notion of antagonism between the two forces. But are they compatible? It is true that the position of the (Christian) church has chang- ed as new scientific ideas have been developed. But the changes many people, both scientists and non-scientists. To take one exam- ple: it is held that each new baby is born a sinner and should there- fore devote the rest of its life to prayer and fear of God in order that it might, eventually be -for- given. This is a remarkable (and evil) assumption, for which there is no basis 'whatsoever. Such a view isbcertainly not compatible with scientific thought. * * * THIE BIBLE IS full of threats of everlasting fire for would-be - sinners. Christians will argue that one should not take everything in the Bible literally. But where does one draw the line? And how could one expect simple people to under- stand exactly what was literal and what was not. Over the centuries these teachings'have misled count- less thousands of people and have resulted in some of the most ap- palling crimes in history. Contin- ued acceptance of many of the teachings of the Bible is certainly not compatible with science. One wonders how many scien- tists find religion compatible with science. It is perhaps not sur- prising that if a scientist turns to religion he is usually a physi- cist or mathematician, and not a biologist. -D. F. Owen Per feet Uion. . To the Editor: A :w MONTHSago, there arose spontaneously in the middle room of the Union an or- ganization protesting various ac- tions by the Union Board. The organization, USPU (Undesirable Students for a Perfect Union), stands united behind its Grand Statement. "We the Undesirables, in order to form a more perfect Union, do hereby proclaim our seat and Water rights in the Mich- igan Union." It remains loyal to its Royal Mascot, Winnie-the- Pooh and to its magnificent mot- to, "Pooh .you!" USPU has had a problem of late: it cannot determine its no- ble membership list. Its courageous constitution states: "USPU shall be composed of all undesirables as defined by the Union Board, whose names appear- 'on the noble list." 4