"Open Wide And Say 'Bah'"
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Seventy-First Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN'
hen Opinions Ae Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
'or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
[ESDAY, MARCH 1, 1961 NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SHERMAN
Segregation in the North:
No Rationaization, Justification
t
AN RECITAL:
Impression:
Bach Without Bach.
rIE UNIVERSITY of Michigan School of Music presented Mr. Hans
Vollenweider, organist, in concert at Hill Auditorium this past Sun-
day evening. Mr. Vollenweider, a native of Switzerland, is fulfilling an
appointment to the School of Music this semester.
Since then, Mr. Vollenweider has resided near Zurich as church
organist, choirmaster, teacher, and composer. His compositions to date
include organ works, chamber music, and a mass written for two choirs
and orchestra. He.has gone on concert tour yearly since 1948, playing
OUTHERN BIGOTS ARE luckier than
Northern ones. The former, at least, have
e argument of Justification by Tradition to
tionalize their acts of prejudice.
Those who reside outside of the sunny
uthern climes do not have any natural
ause rising out: of history, past slave trading
the shallow doctrine of States' Rights. They
y, when seriously questioned, on untenable
thropological arguments reinforced by : an
tremely shaky social analysis.
Despite the lack of a'ny cultural excuse for
ejudice, the Northerner's hatred is at least
great as his Southern counterpart's. The
itudes' of the Northerner are even more
pugnant and ironic when he attempts to
ture the Southerner on the "fine principles
integration."
T A MEETING this weekend sponsored by
the United States Commission on Civil
ghts held in Williamsburg, Va., one of these,
pocritical Northern gentlemen paraded him-
f as a motto for Twentieth Century Brother-
od.
The conference had originally been given.
urgent tone by President Kennedy's tele-
izm to the educators who gathered to discuss
tool segregation. "This is no time for schools
close for any reason, and certainly no time
schools to be closed in the name of racial
crimination. If we are to give the leadership
world requires of us, we must be true to the
at principles of our Constitution-the very
nciples which distinguish us 'from our ad-
'saries in the world."
HE SELF-STYLED integrationist is the
president of a board of education in subur-
: Detroit which is one of the few Northern
nmunities that has ever faced forced inte-
Aion.
An all-Negro school area, the George Wash-
toh Carver school district was attached to
,k Park, a prosperous, all-white community
s fall. The district was attached by the
te after it had suffered a long series of
ancial woes caused by a miniscule tax base
d fradulent handling of public, funds.
)ur Oak Park educator now boasts how his
ard "accepted the responsibility of educating
children of Carver." The board, however,
lected a great amount of community pres-
'e to fight the attachment in court. Some
vnspeople pledgedl to carry the battle to the
preme Court if "justice" could not be found
a lower level.,
[he people in Oak Park did not want their
ldren associating with other people who,
ne from less luxurious homes, who developed
an alien. society and who had a darker
ide of skin.
)ak Parkers were not timid about their
jUdice. They readily broadcast it at public
etings, announced it in local papers or
conveyed it to a policically malleable board
of education member.
The board, considering the embarassment
the city had already received and the advice of
a board-appointed attorney, decided against a
court fight. They faced the realization that
they must integrate the two systems-but not
too quickly.
tVHE FORCED ANNEXATION of the Carver
district came early enough so that, if the
board had wanted it, the Carver students could
have been inside Oak Park's superior class-
rooms this semester. This did not happen. The
Carver students will not start using all of Oak
Park's facilities until September.
Instead of getting the students into the
classrooms where the most good will be es-
tablished, our Oak Park educator gives guides
for "necessary, but not controversial action."
['E NORTHERN INTEGRATIONIST tells
Southern districts which must stop segre-
gation to do it slowly. "Busy yourself with
transferring property-bank accounts and teach-
er and student records. Engage yourself in the
ambigious evaluation of 'problems on a basis
of long and short term goals.' Keep the com-
munity 'informed.'
NOT ALL THE steps the Oak Park board
took were like the ones above. The board
gave medical aid to the Carver students, set
up special education classes for them thorough-
ly tested them for academic achievement and
aptitude and put their parents in already
established advisory groups.
The attitudes underlying all this action 'are
unchanged, however. The Oak Park residents,
on the whole, have displayed no redl desire
to help the Carver students and are doing it
primarily because the law and outside public
opinion demand it.
Certainly the next school board elections in
the city are going to be upsetting, as will the
results of the next school election, where voters
will be asked for more money to build new
classrooms.r
WHAT STANDS ABOVE{, the petty politics
and behavior of one small and insignifi-
cent suburban community is the arrogance of
its educational leader who tells others the best
ways to achieve harmonious race relations.
He is but a doctor telling a sick group how
to cope with a disease which is becoming a
problem for the public to combat. The doctor
himself still carries the ravages of this same
malignancy.
If this Northern gentleman represents the
evolution of a prejudice which has lost its
traditional basis for existence, racial discrimi-
nation is clearly not going to end after the
Southern schools are integrated. The real roots
of discrimination lie buried in all soils.
--MICHAEL OLINICK
in England, Hollend, Germany and
in England, Holland, Germany and
Austria, and hasarecorded several
times on European labels.
The Sunday evening perform-
Th u d y e eig romance dealt exclusively with the
works of J. S. Bach. "Prelude and
Fugue in C Major," an early work
written by Bach while at Weimar,
was followed by a Trio Sonata in
D Minor, No. 3. The Prelude and
Fugue was : of a more restrained
and shapely style, as against
Bach's colorful and ever-popular
Toccata and Fugue form, while
the Trio Sonata in D Minor was
lighter and somewhat loose-pos-
sibly because the true Sonata form.
" *
FOLLOWING INTERMISSION,
Mr. Vollenweider presented four
Chorales: "Kamm Gott, Schop-
fer, heiliger Geist," "Kommst du
nun, Jesu, von Himmel herunter,"
"Wir glauben all an einen Gott,"
and "Von Gott will ich nicht las-
sen." Of the four, the latter two
were outstanding examples of
Bach's ability to add new qualities,
of expression and impact to the
old chorale form. The concert con-
cluded with another early Weimar
;omposition, the Prelude and Fugue
in C minor, which, for this writer,
was by far the most characteris-
tic and demanding piece of 'the
evening.
Mr. Vollenweider exhibited an
amazing degree of control which
was both consistent and precise,
almost to the point of being me-
chanical. His footwork on the ped-
al board, especially during the.
Trio Sonata, was an excellent dis-
play of skill and deftness in the
art. Yet there are those who will
argue that music demands more
of the performer than technical
ability; that music is intimately
involved with correct interpreta-
tion, both in the light of the com-
poser and his feeling as well as
with the times in which this nmusic
is being performed. Few there are
who will not admit to the emo-
tional and spiritual vitality with
which Bach attacked his compos-
ing, and it was this part of Bach
-- a responsive restlessness, the
majestic message, and a deep
spiritqal maturity-which some-
how seemed missing at Sunday's
concert.
-Roger Wolthuis
Austria, and has recorded several
AT THE CAMPUS:
'General'
Scores
A TR THE STEADY stream of
worthy imports and Cinema
Guild offerings, it seems almost
a waste of time to see current
American films, unless you enjoy
watching the now meaningless Os-
,car awards on television.
{Compared to Roberto, Rossel-.
lin's "General Della Rovere," re-
cent American thematic counter-
parts, "The Apartment" and "The
Rat Race"-relatively worthless
people drawing upon buried re-
serves of courage to make a last
minute moral stand--are dimip-
ished to rather bad tries.
Perhaps it is the dramatic
backdrop that makes the differ-
ence: Europe during the war as
compared to getting ahead in
New York. The European back-
ground permits the story of a
well-rounded phony making a
choice between a dishonorable
life or an honorable death. The
American background permits the
story of social climbers facing
their own moral vachity.
* *
THE ALTERNATIVES of the
former are desperately either-or.
While in the latter, a moral stand
is taken that could just as easily
have been ,taken in the first fif-
teen minutes of the movie.
One out of several wprthwhile
scenes: during a bombing raid
just after he is put into prison to
smoke out Italian resistance, the
"General" is the first to panic.
But when his fear is at the point
of an humiliating exposure, he
summons up his strength and
calms the men-the movie in mini-
ature.
One thing: if the "General's"
choice was merely to die honor-
ably, rather than to live or die,
the ending would have been bet-
ter. y
--Thomas Brien
.4
SHERIFFS DEPARTMENT:
New Direction Needed
a
HUAC and the Press
NEW THREAT has been added to the
House Un-American Activities Committee's
r-lengthening list. This committee, which
ms to be determined to undermine one of
basic rights in the First Amendment, now
ears free to topple the freedom of the
ass.
Monday, the Supreme Court handed down a
decision, convicting Carl Braden and Frank
Reporter
HERE APPEARS TO be a certain element
of "do-nothingness" in any President.
[owever, the press should not be encouraged
prompt the President's own child to tell on
father.
'o illustrate: (From Monday's Washington
t) Three-year-old Caroline Kennedy, the
sident's daughter, wandered into the White
ise communications room. Reporters asked
what her Daddy was doing.
He's not doing anything," she replied. "He's
sitting up there with his shoes and socks
doing nothing."
Brhaps, however, Caroline should be named
replace White House Press Secretary Sal-
er. She at least presents all the facts.
--MICHAEL HARRAH
L~AirI4apt hialg
Editorial Staff
THOMAS HAYDEN, Editor
NAN MARKEL JEAN SPENCER
City Editor Editorial Director
rNETH MCELDOWNEY......Associate City Editor
ITH DONER........... gPersonnel Director
)MAS KCABAKER.. . .........Magazine Editor
OLD APPLEBAUM .. Associate Editorial Director
)MAS WITECKI......................Sports Editor
HAEL GILLMAN.........Associate Sports Editor
Wilkinson of contempt of Congress, for chal-
lenging the right of a HUAC subcommittee to
question him, on the grounds of the First
Amendment.
These men, the first an integrationist lead-
er, and the second a field secretary for the
National Committee to Abolish the House Un-
American Activities Committee, were appar-
ently subpenoed for actively opposing HUAC
positions and actions.
THEIR CONVICTION IN the words of Justice
Hugo L. Black's dissenting opinion puts
Any person who takes a position against the
committee in direct danger of being jailed for
contempt "if he refuses to cooperate with this
committee in its probe of his mind and asso-
ciations."
There is no question that this action has
extremely dangerous implictions. It puts any
number of individuals who actively oppose the
Committee and its methods in direct danger
of (again in Justice Black's words) "Being
branded by his neighbors, employer, and erst-
while friends as a menace to society, regardless
of the outcome of that hearing."
But it does even more than this. Having
violated one of the basic tenents of the First
Amendment-which guarantees freedom of
speech--the Committee is now free to "abridge"
another-freedom of the press.
F MONDAY'S DECISION leaves HUAC open
to investigate all persons who oppose it, a
good many newspapers, and .newspaper editors
who have begun to object to the Committee
and its methods are directly in line for attack.
Justice Black says he sees no reason why
editors would be immune from investigation.,
"The list of editors will be long as evident
from the editorial protest against the com-
mittee's activities, including' its recent film,
"Operation Abolition."
That this threat to the freedom of the press
could occur in a so-called "free society" shows
how far HUAC has been allowed to over step its
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the
final article in a three-part series
on the sheriff's office.)
By RICHARD OSTLING
Daily Staff Writer
SHERIFF KLAGER began a
series of monthly lectures on
law and enforcement shortly be-
fore his death. Petersen also has
"training meetings," but since a
*eporter was not allowed to sit
in on one last year, the meetings
may be of low quality or else may
deal with matters other than
training.
Petersen dislikes the efforts of
the Ann Arbor News and the
Washtenaw County Board of Su-
pervisors to offer ideas on his
personnel program.
"If there's anything like that
(i.e. new personnel proposals) I
want to know about it. Why
should I let a two-bit reporter tell
me what to do, I want to know?
No one's going to tell me what
to do and I'll let them know it,
too," the sheriff said.
* * *
He APPARENTLY referred to
a discussion of wages and hours
for deputies by Supervisor Emory
Mulholland, and a recent article
in the' News which contrasted
county training with the six-week
comprehensive schooling for Ann
Arbor policemen along with peri-
odic investigations and regular
pistol work and refresher courses.
The News article reported "Sher-
iff's deputies in the department
have dcomplained that new men
are sent on road patrol with no
formal instruction. Officers who
have been with the department
several years also said they have
yet to receive refrfesher courses
or re-training programs."
While Petersen told me that the
county is "very cooperative in giv-
ing me anything I ask them," he
questioned the possibility of offer-
ing schooling for his men. "Where
is the money coming from for
this training?" he asked
* * *
ANOTHER CENTRAL personnel
program is that deputies are hired
and fired at the will of the sheriff
alone. Just as there are no statu-
tory requirements for hiring men,
so they/ can be fired at will-they
have no job security.
In the preface to his 1958 re-
port, Sheriff Lillie admitted that
since "Sheriff Departments are the
last real stronghold for the 'Spoils
System' it remains for intelligent
legislators, sincere executives in
government and an enlightened
public to replace this ineffective
and dissolute system with one hav-
ing ability and performance as the
criteria for admission to and re-
tention on public payrolls."
This is not to imply that offi-
cers are hired under this system
by the present sheriff. But the
fact remains that there is no check
on the spoils system and it is eas-
Hy possible for such hiring (and
firing) to take place.
ANOTHER RECENT controversy
has been over the pay for depu-
ties, who have a starting pay of
$4596 with a possible maximum of
$5310, for at least 48 hours' work
a week. The News compared this
with the $5,192 the average Ann
ing conditions if minimum quali-
fications were established for hir-
ing and if a formal training pro-
gram was set up.
Or it might offer improved
wages and/or hours to men who
show individual initiative in ob-
taining such training.
* * *
IT IS SIGNIFICANT that the
sheriff here has missed an excel-
lent opportunity to represent his
men and fight for better condi-
tions, and hence a better depart-
ment. He feels the present condi-
tions are adequate and resents the
proposals.
This is sharply in contrast with
the way Ann Arbor Fire Chief
Ernest Heller handled a request
for improved conditions from his
men. He supported their general
plan in a recent City Council
meeting, although he stated
where he disagreed with the men
on some administrative details of
the proposal.
Another example of lack of
Initiative is in the touchy prob-
lem of handling juveniles delin-
quency.
While Ann Arbor police are do-
ing a remarkable job in this area
and have offered assistance to the
sheriff's department through Sgt.
Chester Parks, made "youth bu-
reau officer" by former sheriff Lil-
lie, nothing has been done to con-
tinue the program.
Petersen said that the depart-
ment had "no particular Way" of
handling special problems such as
juveniles, alcoholics, vagrants, and
the like. He summarized his poli-
cy as follows: "If we have to use
force, we use force."
THE DEPARTMENT is not with-
out its effectiveness. It probably
equals or betters the job done by
many similar departments else-
where.
And last year his department re-
ceived the Michigan State Safety
Commission award for self- m-
provement in traffic law enforce-
ment, based on miles of patrol re-
lated to arrests and convictions
obtained, fatal accidents elimin-
ated, and accident costs reduced.
After citing this award in his
defense, Petersen said,. "I would
just like to know what I'm doing
wrong. I'd like to have the answer
to it.'
BUT THE KEY to what is wrong
lies beyond any part':ular sheriff
or department-the problems are
symptomatic of conditions which
are possible throughout Michigan.
Under the state's outdated con-
stitution, all sheriffs must be
elected for two-year terms,. are
responsible only to the voters,
and are removable ony by the
Governor.
With no "home rule," the county
legislatures have little or no pow-
er over law enforcement opera-
tions, with the sheriff as a separ-
ate entity held accountable only
every two years.
* * *
IF THE BOARD of Supervisors
had general control over an ap-
Agreement
AFTER the message on educa-
tion, which is concerned with
people, we had a message last
week on the conservation and de-
velopment of our natural resources.
It is concerned with the lands and
the forests of America, with the
minerals and fuels beneath them,,
with the air, and with the water,
the river valleys, and the oceans.
The message itself does not con-
tain a legislative program. It is
rather a kind of ordered summary
and panorama of what in the
years needs doing about our nat-
ural environment.
THERE IS ALMOST no one, I
imagine, who would care to argue
that the objectives laid down are
false ones, and that the actions
indicated should not be taken. No
serious person, for example, would
say that there is no water problem,
particularly in the West. Or say
that a planned, rather than a hap-
hazard and helter-skelter, devel-
opment of the great river valleys,
is a wrong thing to do. Or saythat
the pollution of the streams and of
the air is not worth worrying
about. Or that the erosion of the
soil and the destruction of 'the
forests do not concern us. And so,
and so on, from research in the
de-salting of the sea water to the
setting aside of recreation areas.
Nor will there be many to deny,
I think, that the conservation of
our natural resources is a primary
interest of the nation as a whole,
an acknowledged national interest
since the founding of the Repub-
lic. The states have a great andr
essential role to play. But the lead-
ership, the planning, and the co-
ordination can come only from
the Federal government. The
boundaries of the states do not co-
incide with the boundaries of na-
ture.
This is in no sense an innova-
tion by President Kennedy on the
new frontiers. It has been estab-
lished American policy since the
states on the Atlantic Ocean be-
gan to break through the old fron-
tiers.
* * *
THE REAL PROBLEM posed by
the message is not about the na-
tional interest, or about the con-
stitutional principle of Federal
leadership. It is how such large
and varied measures are to be fi-
nanced. Over the years the conser-
port of the programs which are
still to come.
* * *
BY THE TIME these programs
come into effect, the Administra-
tion expects, so I understand, riot.
only to have overcome the present
recession. It expects also, say in
about two years, to be achieving a
higher rate of growth-to achieve
it by reducing unemployment from
over 6, per cent of the labor force
to about 4 per cent-which would
be non-inflationary "full employ-
ment." At this higher rate of eco-
nomic activity, the wealth pro-
duced this year would be some
$40,000,000,000 greater than It is.
The revenues from this increase at
present tax rates would be an ad-
ditional $10,000,000,000. This would
be ample to finance strengthening
of the national defense, aid to ed-
ucation, the resources program,
and the welfare measures.
We cannot, of course, be sure
that these expectations 'will be
fulfilled. If they are not, the es-
sential needs, defense, education,
and the like, will have to be fi-
nanced by higher taxes. But with
good luck, particularly in prevent-
ing a much greater international
crisis than we now have today, it
is quite within the capacity of the
American economy to support a-
rising standard of public and of
private consumption. We have the
labor, the industrial skill, the man-
agement, the know-how, and the
research to do it.
S * *
BUT ALONG WITH all that,
there will have to go a certain re-
education of American public
opinion. More exactly, the re-edu-
cation will mean the clearing away
of the confusion which clusters
pointive sheriff it is more probable
hiring, training, pay and hours,
and job security among deputies
could be improved. In the first
place, the office-holder would be
a knowledgeable expert who would
sympathize with such changes;
and in the second, he could be
made .to follow the' will of the
Supervisors if he didn't.
If conditions in Washtenaw
County are at all typical, there is
a great need for a constitutional
convention which will spend a
great deal of time and thought on
improving county government and
law enforcement.
LIPPMANN
Cr
about the highly charged words
"spending" and "investment."
There is, for example, the no-
tion that the public authorities at
any government level never invest.
They only spend. On the other
hand, private corporations and
private individuals not only spend
but also invest. This leads to the
blind prejudice that since govern-
ments can only spend, whatever
money they use tends to be wasted.
On the other hand, whenever pri-
vate corporations or individuals
invest, that is a good thing and a
public benefit..
This prejudicial use of words
confuses public opinion. The mon-
ey spent privately to make auto-
mobiles is prudent investment. But
the money spent publicly to build
the roads for the automobiles is
spending. The money to build a
public hospital is spending. But.
the money to build plants to make
the drugs that are dispensed is
investment. If a public park is
made, that is spending. If a new
movie house is built, that is invest-
ment.
This semantic muddle inhibits
clear thinking about public ques-
tions. The truth is that there is
private spending and private in-
vestment and some of it is good
and some is not so good and some
of it is bad. There is also public
spending and public investment,
and some of it is good and some
of it not so good and some of it
is bad.
IT TAKES GOOD judgment to
spend and invest wisely, be it pub-
licly or privately. But that kind of
judgment cannot be made at all
if we react, like Pavlov's dogs, to
the prejudiced sound of words.
(Copyright 1961, The New York Times)
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN.
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication, of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan'Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Building,
before 2 p.m. two days preceding
publication.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 1
General Notices
be obtained 'daily March 1.10 at .3011
SAB.
vents Wednesday
Sociology Colloquium: Prof. Kenneth
Boulding of the Economics Department
will speak on "Economic Theory and
Sociological Theory" on Wed., March
I at 4:15 p.m. in Aud. C., Angell Hall.
Botanical Seminar. Dr. Margaret B.
Davis, Yaie University, will speak on
"Sources of Error in Pollen Analysis"
on Wed., March I at 4:15 p.m. Refresh-
ments at,4 pm. in 11391N$.