18T . 98
THE MICHIGAN DAILY PAGE TUREE
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Governor To File Suit
For Removal of Troops
In Birminham Region
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Evaluates King's Role
By CARL COHEN
"Rev. Martin Luther King did not initiate the 'Birmingham Cam-
paign'," Thomas Hayden, Grad, suggested recently.
Hayden, who spent more than a year working in the South on in-
tegration projects, explained that the people who initiated the action
are probably the local student groups, such as the Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee.
"Rev. King is, in a sense, trying to keep pace with his constituen-
cy in order not to lose it," he explained. Rev. King has not initiated
many of the projects which he has led, and this is resented by South-
ern Negroes.
Hayden pointed out that Rev. King does not have the Southern
support that people in the North believe him to have. "Non-violence
is accepted by Southern Negroes only on very tenuous grounds." Also,
the humility involved in the philosophy of reconciliation is not shared
on a wide scale.
"Of course; this is not to say that Rev. King's aid is n6t appreciat-
ed. The mere presence of the man is newsworthy, and a demonstration
needs publicity in order to be most effective."
Rev. King, who has played a coordinating role in the integration
movement since 1960, is presently in Alabama functioning as head
of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which is a church
agency interested in voter registration.
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Anms To End
Government
'Dictatorship'
Boycott May Cause
Economic Disaster
BIRMINGHAM (P) - Alabama's
segregationist governor said yes-
terday he will file suit challenging
President John F. Kennedy's right
to send federal troops into Birm-
ingham to settle racial troubles.
"This military dictatorship must
be nipped in the bud," said Gov.
George C. Wallace in a Montgom-
ery news conference. He said the
federal court suit was in prepara-
tion but would not say when or
where it would be filed.
Kennedy has sent approximately
3000 soldiers to two military bases
in Alabama for possible use in
riot control.
White Boycott
The legal showdown between
Kennedy and Wallace shaped up
while downtown merchants voiced
-fears of an economic disaster for
this industrial city of 340,000 be-
cause of a reported white boycott.
White shoppers obviously were
staying out of downtown stores.
But Negroes returned to stores
in increasing numbers and an in-
tegration leader indicated their
long-standing boycott, protesting
segregation, was ending as the re-
sult of a desegregation agreement
with businessmen.
What effect a large-scale white
boycott would have on the shaky
bi-racial pact was'not immediately
apparent, although leaders of both
races have repeatedly said the
agreement would stick.
Business Off
"It is difficult to appraise the
business conditions, but business
is off drastically since last week.
We don't know specifically wheth-
er to attribute this to the boycot-
ting or to the general atmosphere
of the city," a department store
executive said.
Uneasiness and fear have grip-
'ped the city since rioting by Ne-
groes early Sunday following bomb
blasts at a Negro house and a Ne-
gro motel.
Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, titu-
lar head of the local desegregation
forces, said the Negro boycott had1
ended although no formal an-
nouncement has been made.
"It has never been our inten-
tion to put anybody out of busi-
ness," he said. "I think that the
Negroes will begin of their ownl
accord to trickle back downtown."
Shuttlesworth said he would1
publicly call for an end to the Ne-4
gro boycott if requested by mer-
chants to do so.
Goldwater
Blasts NEA
For Leaflet
WASHINGTON (P)-The Na-
tional Educational Association
drew bipartisan senatorial fire re-
cently for sponsoring a pamphlet
on aid to education.
The pamphlet described the aid
controversy as "a struggle between
people with wealth and people with
kids."
Sen. Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz)
termed the leaflet "shocking, anti-
American and subversive." He
made the statement on question-
ing NEA Vice-President Robert H.
Wyatt about the association's part
in distributing the pamphlet.
Editorial Reprint
The Senate education subcom-
mittee was told by Wyatt that the
pamphlet was a reprint of an edi-
torial by John McCormally in the
Hutchinson (Kan) News, of which
McCormally is executive editor.
Sen. Jennings Randolph (D-W
Va) shared Goldwater's "concern,"
although the two take opposing
views of federal aid to education.
Randolph questioned whether
the NEA "really thought this
through" before deciding to re-
print and distribute material that
goes beyond education and moves
over the ragged edge" of pro-
priety for such a national orga-
nization.
Americanism
In Hutchinson, McCormally said,
"I'm not at all concerned by Gold-
water's appraisal of my American-
ism, which by any'standard would
measure up to his."
Goldwater cited for censure a
passage which read: "The tradi-
tional foes (of federal aid to edu-
cation) have been helped this year
by such strange bedfellows as Sen.
J. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) who
is afraid the Negroes will get in,
and Cardinal Spellman, who is
afraid that the Catholics will be
left out."
Goldwater also alleged that the
Hutchinson News, in which the
article first appeared, is "actually
Marxist in leanings, and strongly
so." He feels the education dis-
pute is "between haves and have-
nots."
He concluded that preaching
class struggle "would be funny-
haw haw-if it were riot so down-
right dangerous."
Africans Stir
Czech Violence
VIENNA-Anti-African resent-
ment flared into violence in Prague
last weekend when four students,
three from Africa and one from
the Middle East, were beaten and
the tires of an African diplomat's
car were slashed, the New York
Times reported yesterday.
The incidents were believed to
have been stirred up by Czech re-
sentment over the favored posi-
tion of African students in the
country and the growing burden of
Czechoslovak economic aid to un-
derdeveloped countries.
NUCLEAR FORCE:
NATO Allies Reject
Russian Obj ections
WASHINGTON (M)-The Western allies have agreed on notes re-
jecting a Russian protest against a North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion nuclear force, diplomatic informants said yesterday.
They said the responses from the United States, Britain and West
Germany are expected to be delivered in Moscow by Monday, before
the start of next week's NATO ministerial meetings in Ottawa.
At the Ottawa meeting, the Atlantic Allies are expected to move
forward on plans for a NATO atomic force. The Soviets charged in an
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April 8 note that a NATO nuclear
force would arm West Germany
with atomic weapons, would im-
pede disarmament talks and spur
the arms race.
Defensive Force
It is understood that the West-
ern rejection of the Soviet allega-
tions will say that the purpose of
the NATO force is defensive and
that it would not involve prolifera-
tion of independent national atom-
ic forces.
The United States is against the
spread of atomic weapons to other
countries and has insisted on a
veto power in the proposed NATO
force.
Similar Soviet objections were
said to have been contained in a
memorandum on disarmament
submitted by Russian Ambassador
Anatoly F. Dobrynin to Secretary
of State Dean Rusk last Saturday.
In London the United States and
Britain searched yesterday for
ways of saving the Geneva nuclear
test ban negotiations from col-
lapse.
The last ditch efforts came at a
time when the Soviet Union was
stiffening its position.
Informed sources in Moscow said
Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev told
both President John F. Kennedy
and British Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan last week that he will
make no more concessions on the
test ban issue.
Western diplomatic sources play-
ed down reports that Kennedy and
Macmillan were considering meet-
ing with Khrushchev.
Recall Ambassador
The Soviet government is sum-
moning home its ambassador to
the United States, Anatoly Dob-
rynin, for consultation on the state
of East-West relations.
United States officials believe
the Kremlin is getting set for a
new propaganda assault on the
Western allies, probably in con-
nection with the NATO council
meeting next week in Ottawa.
American and British diplomats
in London, Washington and Gene-
va studied alternative proposals
for salvaging 42 years of frus-
trating work in Geneva.
Dead End
As things stand, the Geneva con-
ference has reached a dead end,
both on the test ban and the
broader general disarmament ne-
gotiations.
The big stumbling block at Ge-
neva concerns on-site inspections
of suspicious earth tremors, the
key to all treaty enforcement ar-
r angements.
The two Western powers demand
seven such inspections a year on
Soviet territory. The Russians say
they will permit only two or three.
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Legislators See
Confirmation
Of Appointee
LANSING-The state Legisla-
ture, called back into a brief ses-
sion by a' four member committee
of Republican leaders, reconvenes
for a one-day session at 10 a.m.
today to approve the nomination
of Republican Alfred J. Fortino to
the State Board of Canvassers.
One top Senate Republican in-
dicates that the Senate might act
on several other nominations
which have been held up pending
the signing of a budget bill con-
taining pay raises for them.
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World News Roundup
By The Associated Press
AL ITTIHAD, Aden-The British-sponsored South Arabian Fed-
eration will soon seek independence, the Federation council chairman
announced yesterday. The chairman, Sharif Hussain Bin Ahmed
Alhabili, is regarded as an opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Ab-
del Nasser.
UNITED NATIONS-United Nations Secretary-General U Thant
warned yesterday that the United Nations could go broke by the end
of the year. He said cash on hand
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PARIS - French President
Charles de Gaulle leaves on a four-
day official visit to Greece today.
The trip marks a resurgence of
French interest in that part of
Europe and the Middle East.
WASHINGTON - The railroads
said yesterday five operating rail-
road brotherhoods have agreed to
resume efforts here Monday to
reach a settlement in their work
rules dispute before a June 12
deadline for a nationwide strike.
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