Seventy-Third Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
"Where Opinions Are Free STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG., ANN ARBOR, MIcH., PHONE NO 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
>AY. APRIL 30, 1963
NIGHT EDITOR: GAIL EVANS
Students Should Participate
In Joint Judie Revision
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G&S:
'Cox and Box,' War'
Reveal Capable 'Cast
IT WAS a noble experiment for the Gilbert and Sullivan Society's
Vest Pocket Players Sunday night but the dual bill of two curtain
risers never really got off the ground.
Opening the show was "Cox and Box," a delightful piece of froth
with music by Sir Arthur Sullivan and words by F. C. Burnard. To
this bit the players in general were not equal.
Gershom Clark Morningstar as James John Cox was the lone
exception, rendering a good impression of the mincing, precise
" 'GNORANTIA LEGIS neminem excusat" is
an old Latin precept meaning "Ignorance
of the law excuses no one."
As a legal precept it was formulated to dis-
courage justification of misdemeanors on
grounds of naivete. But in its broader applica-
tion today-particularly for university students
-the precept has come to be a strong warning.
It warns all those who are inclined to view
their first and only legal responsibility as ob-
serving proper moral conduct.
It labels as inexcusably ignorant those who
would neglect the chance to carry out the
second function of legal responsibility-the
creating of judicial machinery.
Furthermore, it tells 'those students to exer-
cise the specific opportunity to carry out that
second function by attending the discussion
.,on the proposed Joint Judiciary constitution.
" The meeting is at 7:30 p.m. today in the
Student Activities Building.
AT THE UNIVERSITY, Joint Judic has dur-
ing the past few years endeavored to give
students greater responsibility for and hence
greater contact with their campus judicial
machinery.
_ First and foremost, Joint Judic has been
pushing for the reconstitution of the faculty
appeal board (which hears appeals on Joint
Judic cases) as a body composed of both
students and faculty. This reorganization, to be
" included in the overall revamping of the
Office of Student Affairs judiciary structure,
will replace the former all-faculty board of
appeals.
Steel Intervei
STEEL IS A HEARTY and nervy industry.
Only a year ago it made an abortive at-
tempt to raise prices that resulted in a degree
of wrath by the President of the United States
that has rarely been equalled. Yet barely 12
months later it is again attempting a price
increase-not as much as last time but far
from token.
Last year President John F. Kennedy chose
to prevent an increase in the cost of steel,
claiming he was acting in the national in-
terest. He was then chastised by many quarters
both for interfering at all and for the way he
interfered.
Furthermore, he was accused of doing more
to harm the national interest by preventing
the price hikes than if he had let them go
through uncontested.
PERHAPS for those reasons President Ken-
nedy chose this year not to interfere. Cer-
tainly there is some truth in the argument that
business confidence was hurt by his action
last year and certainly this year's price in-
crease isn't as big. But the question remains
this: is the President justified in taking certain
courses of action to protect what he sees as
the national interest?
As this question has a number of aspects,
It might be well to begin with a brief look
at the steel industry itself. There are only
a few large steel companies and they have all
been around for quite awhile. Their prices are
almost identical for what are almost identical
products. This in itself is not bad for there
are only so many ways to ma ce steel and any
company which priced above the others would
not stay in business for long. On the other
hand, if a firm were to sell below its com-
petitors' prices, it would soon force them to
reduce their prices also and all competitive
advantage would be lost-not to mention the
drop in profit margins.
Unlike a number of industries in a similar
market position, the demand for steel is to
a great degree essentially independent of its
price. domnbined with the above considerations,
this leaves steel executives singularly free to
set prices almost anywhere they wish without
engaging in conspiritorial monopolistic prac-
tices.
Realizing, then, that steel is capable of act-
ing against the public interest in much the
same way as the great monopolies of the past,
it is necessary to question the government's
right of intervention.
IT HAS often been argued that there is no
national interest, that to claim to act in its
behalf is only to subvert the interests of the
individual. The national interest is claimed
to be a myth through which the government
subverts the real interests to which it should
be dedicated.
This argument is false. Certainly every in-
dividual has his own private interests and to
him it is only reasonable for these to be the
most important interests there are. But there
are times when the private interests of one
individual clash with those of another. When
the government prevents someone from steal-
ing from the defenseless or cheating the stupid
or incautious it is interfering with the crim-
inal's or the promoter's or the advertiser's
personal interests.
Secondly, Joint Judic has successfully waged
the struggle to receive definite lines of author-
ity without being overlorded, as in the past,
with a faculty group accorded veto power.
These definite lines of authority are also
given in the OSA judiciary revisions.
Third and most importantly, Joint Judic has
tried to revise its own nature and structure.
Specifically, it has undertaken the revision of
its constitution, putting the emphasis on more
student rights.
THIS REVISION has been accomplished
through the strengthening of due process
clauses which allot the student the right to
an open hearing, the right to a more flexible
witness procedure and the right to ask for the
reconstitution of the judiciary body as all-
male or all-female where mixed discussion
would be inadvisable.
But Joint Judic can only go so far. Tonight
they will turn their proposed constitution
over to the students for an examination.
Here will be the chance for students to
work out a preamble which would define the
general concepts and goals of a campus judi-
ciary system.
Here will be the chance for students to con-
sider whether their rights are being upheld
before this constitution is whisked away to
the OSA and the Regents for final approval.
Here will be, the chance for students to
carry out their second legal responsibility.
Let them come lest no one excuse their
ignorance.
-LAURENCE KIRSHBAUM
%%!1AP1I~ S
* I~Cfd0 Cabo ruir C ir...
1SA Ct '
DOMESTIC SERVICE GROUP:
Corpsmen Face Unique Problems
ution Justified
than the personal interests of the majority and
it is these interests which the government
is charged to protect. That it chooses to
protect the weak, the uninformed, the misled
and even the stupia and uncautious
may cause much consternation to the likes of
Ayn Rand. However, it is nonetheless a funda-
mental tenet of Western justice that the gov-
ernment protect the life, liberty and property
of those unable to do so.
W HEN THE STEEL INDUSTRY decides to
raise prices it is taking both property and
liberty from the individual citizens of this
country. It is taking property because it is
forcing individuals to pay more for its products.
It is taking liberty because an individual, left
with less money, is more"restrained in his
choice of other purchases. If such price in-
creases were carried to the point where they
caused a spiralling inflation which eventually
tore the economy apart-as the President fear-
ed last year's increases might do-the steel
industry would be even more preventing the
individual's pursuit of happiness.
Certainly it is true that the liberty of the
steel industry's leaders is being restrained. But
at times when the liberty and welfare of
others is so dependent upon the actions of
these few, the government is no less justified
in intervening in steel's price settings than
it was in stopping the monopolies of J. P.
Morgan or John D. Rockefeller.
Of course, no one will claim that to push
steel to the brink of economic disaster by pre-
venting the industry from making a fair profit
would be to protect anyone's interests and
no one will doubt that steel may sometimes
find it necessary to raise its prices. However,
last year the steel industry was already pric-
ing itself out of the market. It was operating
at only half its capacity at the time and yet
was still making a profit. It is foolish to argue
that the steel industry needed to raise its
prices.
IT IS TRUE that this year steel's profit com-
pared to the money invested in it has not
measured up to many other industries but a
great deal of the fault was in steel's overcapa-
city and not in a government price clamp
down.
According to Pr'esident William A. Steele of
Wheeling Steel, the first company to raise its
prices this year, "market volume for the in-
dustry as a whole is growing and some com-
panies are even about to apply allocations
because orders are so close to capacity. This
seemed a logical, opportune time" to raise
prices.
But isn't there something amiss here?
One of the biggest reasons steel profits
were low this year was because unused capacity
added expenses while at the same time lower-
ing percentage returns on investment. If the
industry could still make a profit while pro-
ducing at one half capacity, it should cer-
tainly be able to get along reasonably well at
nearly full capacity.
NVESTORS HAVE not been been fooled. The
trading price of a share of United States
Steel stock has risen greatly from April 10,
1962, to April 10, 1963 (still days before the
industry announced its price increases), a
forecast of the profits expected even before
By ELLEN SILVERMAN
IN CHICAGO last week a Demo-
cratic Congressman spoke to
an assembly of college students on
the advantages of joining the Na-
tional Service Corps. In Washing-
ton a telephone operator answers
the phone with the sprightly
greeting "Domestic Peace Corps."
And down the hall secretaries are
processing applications for tale
corps.
In an atmosphere of confident
optimism the Kennedy Adminis-
tration is proceeding on the as-
sumption that the National Ser-
vice Corps is a reality. Without
Congressional approval the Ad-
ministration is moving forward
and will probably be able to put
corpsmen into the field by next
fall.
President John F. Kennedy is
banking on success because of the
previous successes of the Peace
Corps. In a little less than three
years the Peace Corps has been
accepted by Congress - both
Democrats and Republicans-and
more important, lauded by the
host countries. Every country
where the corps is now operating
has asked for more corpsmen and
new requests are being received
every day.
THE NATIONAL Service Corps
is different, however, and its sup-
porters must deflate their expec-
tations a little in order to be
realistic.
The service corps, if passed,
is faced with problems that the
overseas corps never had to cope
with. Primarily, the corps will
have to deal with the recipients'
feeling of self-consciousness.
Americans dealing with Americans
is a far cry from Americans deal-
ing with Africans.
The deprived Americans who will
be helped through the various
service projects of the corps will
probably have a natural resent-
ment toward the crusading young
college students who converge on
an area seeking to transform its
social structure and traditions.
UNDERDEVELOPED nations
are more likely to admit that
they need help than United States
localities suffering from economic
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
To the Editor:
E, the members of University
High School's Save Our
School Committee, are deeply con-
cerned by the editorial written on
April 26 in which we are pictured
as "attempting to -influence the
public to defeat the bond issue"
so that we will be able to remain
at University High School. We
feel that this is a gross misrepre-
sentation of our views and that
this statement has done an in-
justice to our cause.
Therefore, let us set the record
straight. We stated.in a letter to
the Ann Arbor News on April 20
that "we recognize the need for
a new public high school in Ann
Arbor and support those working
to that end." Again on April 18,
we stated before a meeting of
the Parent-Teacher Council of
University School that we defin-
itely were not against the bond
issue.
In other words, we have al-
ways been of the opinion that
Ann Arbor does need a new high
school and it is not our duty to
"influence the public" either for
or against this issue.
Furthermore, we have not in any
way tried to link these two dia-
metrically opposed issues and any-
one attempting to do so is dis-
torting and misrepresenting the
facts and is playing with his
imagination.
Finally, we hope that the record
has been corrected and those
sympathetic to our cause have not
been disillusioned by this error
and will continue to work for the
continuation of University High
School.
-Carlo Parravano,
recession and social disorganiza-
tion. These localities still cling to
the doctrine of complete rugged
individualism of pre-World War
II America and will resent help
from outside sources.
Beyond this problem, however,
are other considerations which
service corpsmen must face square-
ly. Working with the United States
rather than outside of it has a,
less glamorous aura. College stu-
dents who throng to work in
exotic Southeast Asia or myster-
ious Africa may find little at
attract them in humid Mississippi
-if the local officials would ever
let the corps in-or a dirty New
Jersey potato field.
* * *
BUT THESE college students
must also realize what they are
working towards; this is the most
telling appeal that the Adminis-
tration has. Working in the na-
tion for the nation is a sore need
today.
The United States cannot af-
ford to export democracy, foreign
aid or even Peace Corpsmen if it
cannot live up to the standards
it sets for others. The situation
of the migrant worker in the
United States gives the African
much reason to question the mo-
tives of the American who claims
to be raising him to the American
standard.
In the end the corps will have
to go through the same testing
situations that the Peace Corps
did. The two are not close enough
to draw a valid analogy. Like
each brother in the same family,
each has to go out and prove his
own worth; the success of one
does not necessitate the success
of the other.
The National Service Corps will
be a volunteer group aiding local
areas. in conjunction with local
agencies. Among the concerns of
the corps are juvenile delinquents,
migrant workers, adult illiterates
and mental hospital patients. It is
hoped that with corps aid local
initiative will be increased and
ultimately the municipality can
take over the service function.
British hatter who one day dis-
covers that his landlord rents out
his room to another lodger while
he is at work.
THE SECOND TENANT, John
James Box; played by Henrik
Broekman, is a printer who works
by night and consequently, the
two men never encounter one an-
other-until one day when the
hatter gets the day off.
Broekman, although usually an
outstanding and delightful Savo-
yrard, failed to hold character
throughout the play, verging on
laughter at many of the admitted-
ly amusing sequences. This in it-
self resulted in detracting from
what might have been an able
performance.
The third player in the "Cox
and Box" trio is Sergeant Boun-
cer, played by Paul VanderKoy,
the landlord caught at his own
devices. Vanderkoy's performance
was distracting throughout. His
bent-knee stance, comic at the
outset, became monotonous due
to lack of variety.
* * *
VANDERKOY'S VOICE, while
musically pleasing, is plagued by
poor diction to the point that his
words are unintelligible when he
sings.
The lyrics to "Cox and Box,"
however, are quite delightful and
Morningstar and Broekman often
did them vocal justice, thus Tais-
ing their duets above the level of
the rest of the endeavor.
Sharing the bill with "Cox and
Box" was an original piece called
"The Toledo. War," with music by
David Broekman and words by
Edward Eager. In this enterprise,
the play was not equal to the
cast.
* * *
THE ACTION centers in the
home of Ohio's Judge Phineas
Fustian, played by VanderKoy,
who is determined that Michiga
(back in 1836) shall not claim the
Toledo Strip as part of her ter-
ritory. He enlists the aid of the
four Stinkney Brothers, played by
Dan Rudgers, Morningstar, Ron
Westman and Broekman, as a
would-be army who pursue a
Michigan spy, played by Dick Haz-
zard.
The spy, however, is secretly
married to Judge Fustian's niee
Isabelle, played by Sue Morris,
and they plot to take over Toledo
while the Judge sleeps, aided by
his wife Permelia and his daughter
Anabelle, Judy Riecker and Diane
Magaw; respectively.
The opening dragged as it labor-
ed through VanderKoy's bent
knees and artificial movements
but improving diction; however, it
picked up once he went off to bed.
The three ladies handled Broek-
man's pleasant music quite well,
in many spots even managing to
overcome Eager's insipid lyrics.
* * *
MORNINGSTAR, as the leader
of the Stinkneys, was especially
delightful as the dull-witted suiter
of Daughter Anabelle and Rudgers
also rendered good deadpan sup-
port to Morningstar. Broekman,
meanwhile, had returned to his
old form that made him so won-
derful in last fall's "Princess Ida;"
resuming his innate pixie quality
as the zaniest of Stinkneys.
To be especially commended,
however, is Miss Morris, whose
adroit poise often made the Pro-
duction sparkle.
The accompaniment of Richard
Mundell ("Piano and First Etcet-
era") and Mary Ellen Mason ("No
Slouch at the Piano Either,4and
Second Etcetera") on the twin
pianos was perfect.
All in all, this prelude to Thurs-
day's opening of "The Gondoliers"
was encouraging for it revealed a
cast of players well able, for the
most part, to cope with the polish-
ed but complex tricks of real Gil-
bert and Sullivan.
--Michael Harrah
--James Starks
LIPPMANN:
Cuba
By WALTER LIPPMANN
CUBA GOT a good airing lasi,
week before the American So-
ciety of Newspaper Editors, and
the significant fact about the
speeches of the PresidentSecre-
tary Rusk and Senator Keating
was that there is substantial
agreement about what the United
States should do not should not
do.
Senator Keating, who is the
most conspicuous of the critical
opposition, began by saying that
"it is foolish to pretend that there
are easy answers to the Cuban
problem." He e-id not pretend.
Then, in the course of his speech,
he admitted that he agrees with
the main theses of our present
Cuban policy. He is opposed to an
invasion. He is opposed to ablock-
ade. He Is opposed to hit-and-miss
raids mounted from American soil.
THIS IS the same story which
the administration is telling. Sena-
tors Keating's differences are not
in the substances of the text, but
in the editing, the typography,
the layout and the captions. The
senator, like the President, ex-
cludes In present circumstances
the resort to war-Invasion, block-
ade and raiding; like the Presi-
dent, he, too, would deal with
Cuba by surveillance, containment,
isolation, economic pressures and
propaganda.
There is no doubt that at least
for some time to come the Ken-
nedy-Keating policy willrleave the
Soviet troops 90 miles from Flor-
ida. This is an affront to our
pride.
How long must we put up with
the Russian troops? -The honest
answer is that we must put up
with them until they can be got-
ten rid of by measures short of
nuclear war.
* * *
THE ROCKEFELLER-Nixon po-
sition appears th n to be that
Cuba can be liberated by ordering
the Soviet Union to withdraw from
this hemisphere and to stand by
passively while we blockade Cas-
tro and arrange for a replacement
of Castro's government. If this is
what they have in mind, they are
making an enormous guess.
For nobody can possibly know
that the Soviet Union would sur-
render its whole position in Cuba
as it surrendered its offensive
weapons last October. It is the
supreme folly in the nuclear age
to drive a nuclear power into a
corner. And if the Soviet Union
refused to how to the ultimatum,
all this would do for us would be
to make us look like fools.
The President of the United
States cannot play with an ulti-
matum to a government like that
of the Soviet Union. He cannot
use an ultimatum unless he is
prepared to go through with it
and begin a war. If he is not pre-
pared to go to war, an ultimatum
is a bluff.
* * *
WHILE the present' policy does
not promise a quick withdrawal
of the Russians or the fall of
Castro, it is surely not true to say
that it is complacent, do-nothing-
ism. To a degree which is just
short of war, Cuba is being photo-
graphed, patrolled, embargoed,
squeezed and isolated. If Cuba
were a great power, we would be
at war with her for what we are
already doing:
I doubt whether there is any
precedent where we have exerted
such strong measures short of war
on any other country.
(r) 1963, The Washington Post Co.
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