J
THE MICHIGAN DAI.V
.0 ..W
PAGE THREE
Ke n
Vows
edy To Isolate Cuba;
To Stop Infiltration
REQUIRE COUNSEL:
Supreme Court Ruings
Back Rights of A ccused
WASHINGTON (M)--The United States Supreme Court greatly
broadened yesterday the poor man's right to free legal defense when he
is on trial for a state crime."
"Any person brought into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer,
cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him," Jus-
tice Hugo L. Black said for a unanimous Court.
In aniother of several important decisions involving the rights of
prisoners, the 9ourt ruled that confessions induced by "truth serum"
*or other drugs cannot be intro-
duced as evidence in state crimiial
American
Beatified
The Roman Catholic Church
Sunday beatified Mother Elizabeth
Ann Bayley Seton, the first native-
born American to receive the hon-
or.
The beatification is a firsts step
toward sainthood for the pioneer
of the American parochial school
system and the modern Catholic
Social Services and the founder of
the Sisters of Charity order.
The beatification decree award-
ed Mother Seton the title "bless-
ed," granted permission for her
body and' relics to be~ exposed for
trials.
Appeals Counsel
The Court also held that poor
defendants are entitleda to counsel
in carrying out appeals from state
court convictions.
Justice Black's opinion on the
right to counsel went much further
than any previous Supreme Court
decision on the subject.
The Court reversed a 1940 de-
cision that a poor man is' consti-
tutionally entitled to have a lawyer
appointed to defend him in state
courts in non-capital cases only if
there are special circumstances-
mental illness, illiteracy and ex-
treme youth, among others.
Applies Federal Standards
What' the Court did. yesterday
was o apply the same standards
in sate criminal trials as in fed-
eral trials. The Sixth Amendment
provides, in all criminal prosecu-
tions, "the accused shall enjoy the
right . . . to have the assistance
of counsel for his defense."
In the "truth serum" case
Charles, Townsend, who was sen-
tenced to death for a 1953 slaying
in Chicago, won a habeas corpus
hearing in federal cdurt. He con-
tended confession was obtained by
the use of truth serum.
All nine justices agreed that a
drug-induced confession is inad-
missable as evidence.
They divided 5-4, however, on
standards laid down by Chief Jus-
tice Earl Warren on. the circum-
stances on which lower federal
courts must grants habeas corpus
hearings.
The Court ruled in a California
case that poor defendants must be
given the assistance of attorneys
in perfecting appeals.
In another decision, yesterday,
the Court divided 6-3 in holding
that a New York life-term prison-
er may seek his liberty in a habeas
corpus proceeding in federal court,
even though he did not appeal the
original conviction in state court.
Kenpzedy Suggests
Budget Cutbacks
WASHINGTON (P) - President
John F. Kennedy recommended to
Congress yesterday a cut of $51.1
million in his 1964 budget and $74.2
million in the budget for 1963. The
trimming resulted from fresh looks
at the needs and indications of
such things as grants to states for
public assistance.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
..isolate Cuba
SALARY:
Walk-Out
Nears End
PARIS 0)-The French govern-
ment's battle of the labor front
registered a slight advance yester-
day as leaders of the striking iron
ore miners recommended a return
to work.
But disputes on many other
fronts continued.
The move of tle iron miners had
no effect on the nation's 170,000
coal miners who ,are striking for
an 11 per cent raise. The coal
strike entered its third week with
no settlement in sight. The gov-
ernment is offering only a 5.7 per
cent boost.
The iron miners struck for a
pledge of job security. Union lead-
ers called for a vote Wednesday
on ending the strike after getting
government assurances no iron
ore miners would bef.laid off before
June 1 while the situation in the
industry is being studied.
Cheaper ore from Mauritania
led Lorraine miners to ask official
assurances that these increased
imports would not eliminate their
jobs.
Rail, aviation, postal, gas and
electricity ' and metal workers
scheduled token walkouts during
the week, ranging from a two-hour
rail walkout Thursday to a four-
hour strike of Air France employes
Wednesday.
Coal production was virtually
paralyzed. The coal miners, in de-
fying French President Charles de
Gaulle's back-to-work order, re-
ceivednew evidence of popular
support yesterday.
The Paris City Council voted a
gift of $5000 for families of-coal
miners. In Saint-Etienne, sympa-
thizers paraded through town and
contributed to a strike fund.
The railroad strike has tied up
most of France's trains. It was
called to protest the naming of a
government committee to stuay
the over-all French strike situa-
tion.
Plans 'Wall:
Not of Wire,
But of Men'
Pledges To Resist
Castro 'Subversion'
SA?? JOSE, Costa Rica (AP) -
President John F. Kennedy pledg-
ed last night to isolate Fidel Cas-
tro's Cuba and bar the infiltration
of Communist agents into the rest
of the Americas.
"We will build a wall around
Cuba-not a wall of mortar or
brick or barbed wire but a wall of
dedicated men determined to pro-
tect their own freedom and sov-
ereignty," he declared.
Kennedy opened his three-day
meeting with the presidents of' six
middle-America nations vowing
"fierce and unyielding resistance"
to the spread of "foreign tyranny"
in the Western hemisphere.
x. Extend Rule
"The Soviet Union through its
Cuban puppets absorved the Cuban
nation into its despotic empire-
and it now seeks to extend its
rule to the shores of continental
America," Kennedy said.
"We will continue to strengthen
the structure of resistance to sub-
version," he pledged.
Kennedy addressed the presi-
dents of Panama, Costa Rica, Nic-
aragua, El Salvador, Honduras and
Guatemala-all avowed enemies of
Cuban Prime Minister Castro and
targets of his subversion-after
receiving a welcome from an esti-
mated 200,000 people.
Defines Goals
Kennedy defined the goals of the
San Jose Conference as "the pres-
ervation of our independence, the
extension of freedom and the ele-
vation of the welfare of our citi-
zens to a level as high as we can
attain."
Kennedy p l e d g e d continued
United States aid toward a devel-
oping Central American economic
community people and congratu-
lated the Central American coun-
tries on long-range economic vi-
sion.
He referred to the budding Cen-
tral American common market
made up of Costa Rica, Guatemala,
El Salvador, Honduras and Nic-
aragua which hopes to break down
trade barriers among themselves
by 1966 and set up a common tar-
iff wall.
Monetary Commitment
Kennedy pointed out that al-
most $250 millionhhas been com-
mitted under the Alliance for
Progress to strengthen economies
and raise living standards in Pan-
ama and the five Central American
republics.
Kennedy said the United States
is willing to move ahead on agree-
ments stabilizing the prices of
commodities in addition to coffee.
Publishersj
Take Firm
Strike Stand
NEW YORK ()-Publishers of
eight blacked-out New York news-'
papers stood firm yesterday on an
umpire's terms for ending a 10-
day printers strike.
The printers, who spurned the
peace proposal, faced possible loss
of financial support from their
international unin.
The 3,000 striking members of
the, local AFL-CIO International
Typographical Union, Sunday
overrode their leadership to re-
ject a $12.53 a week settlement
plan recommended by Mayor Rob-
ert F. Wagner, acting in the role
of umpire,
To further' complicate the local
industry snarl. 375 AFL-CIO pho-
toengravers called a strike of their
own during the day, after their
separate contract talks became
deadlocked over the issue of a
shorter work week. Their pickets
joined those of the printers and
the mailers union, an ITU affiliate
which went on strike several weeks
ago..
The only apparent bright spot
was a newspaper guild vote, which
was running in favor of extending
that union's contract to speed a
settlement of the costly blackout.
Guild members on the eight
closed papers were among the
hardest hit financially of any of'
the newspaper employes idled by
the blackout. Currently, they re-
ceive $50 a week in state unem-
ployment insurance benefits.
Elmer Brown, international
president of the ITU, said serious
consideration was given and a
decision reached on whether the
parent union should withdraw its
financial support of the local un-
less it reverses its vote. However,
he withheld announcement of the
decision for a few days.
Amory H. Bradford, general
manager and vice-president of the
struck Times and chief negotiator
for the-popers, commented, "The
publishers will not accept any pro-
posal to alter the terms of the
contract recommended by the
mayor."
World News
Round
REP
NEW YORK (P)-Indian Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru says
the Chinese Communists' "wanton
and massive invasion" of India
last fall isolated Red China and
lost her "the good will of most of
the non-aligned countries, and
even of many of her Communist
allies."
Because of the Chinese actions,
the Indian leader says, Indian-
American relations "have seldom
been as cordial as they-are now."
"The practical support received
from the United States in meeting
the Chinese aggression has great-
ed a wealth of good feeling," Neh-
ru writes in Foreign Affairs, a
quarterly of the Council on For-
eign Relations.
Nehru depicts the Chinese inva-
sion as an attack on the whole
area of non-alignment among na-
tions, and says it may have been
sparked in part by Peking's ideol-
ogical quarrel with Moscow. He
writes, "The Impact of China,
whether it again takes an acute
military form or makes Itself felt
more insidiously, is forcing the
pace of growth in India.
"Both the right and the left
have been affected, and the na-
tion learning that in the world to-
day it is not enough to be devoted
to peace or to mind one's own
affairs, but that it is also necessary
to have adequate armed strength,
U-M Concert Dance Organization 13th Annual Spring
Dance Concert
MODERN
and
FRI., MAR. 22-SAT., MAR. 23-8 P.M.
BALLET Special Matinee Saturday 2:30 with
Interlochen Music Academy Dance Students
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre $1.25 eves., $1 mat.
All seats reserved * On Sale Now at Theatre Box Office
AN ACTIVITY OF THE CREATIVE ARTS FESTIVAL
U
TOMORROW at 8
IRVING KAUFMAN, Asst. Prof. of Art
"JEWISH CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE ARTS"
Lecture No. 2 in Spring Series of WEDNESDAYS AT 8
"THE JEW IN WESTERN CULTURE"
B'NAI B'RITH HI LL EL FOUNDATION
1429 Hill St.
to adjust our relations with friend-
ly countries in the light of the
changing realities of the interna-
tional situation, and, above all, to
preserve and consolidate national
unity.
"The Communist Party of India
is in disarray and the great ma-
jority of it has condemned the
Chinese aggression."
Nehru says that since India be-
came independent of Britain in
1947 it has been guided by a policy
of nonalignment.
Fvi__
FALL INVASION:
Nehru Blasts Red Aggression
THE MICHIGAN UNION
CREATIVE ARTS FESTIVAL
7
C~f
fl
Presents on Tuesday
March 19:
the DANCE: Asia Society Performing Arts
Program: Indian Kathak Dancers
(India Students & Women's League)
Trueblood Auditorum.. 8:3Q pm.
the ARTS: Pottery Making Demonstration
Women's League... 10:00-5:00
PHOTOGRAPHY: Photography Contest Winners
Union Lobby... All Day
By The Associated Press
ELIZABETH SETON
beatified
public veneration--not worship-
for her images to bear a halo and
for annual masses to. be celebrated
in her honor in New York, Balti-4
more and all churches and chapels'
of the Sisters of Charity.'
Mother Seton, who lived 1774-
1821, is credited with two miracles
which are required for recognition
of a candidate as blessed. The first
was the cure of Sister Gertrude
Korzendorfer of cancer of the pan-
creas in 1934 and the second was
the cure of Anne Therese O'Neill,
who had leukemia, 11 years ago.
Two more "carefully investigat-
ed miracles" are required before1
Mother Seton can be proclaimed
a saint..
Pope John XXIII proclaimed in
the first public veneration after
the beatification that "Elizabeth
Seton is the first officially recog-
nized flower of sanctity which the
United States offers to the world.
While beatification is no assur-,
ance that canonization will fol-
low, the Pope's words indicated
that Mother Seton eventually will
receive the church's highest honor.
Francis Cardinal Spellman, arch-
bishop of New York, announced
that a Lady Chapel honoring
Mother Seton willbe built near
the site of her one-time home,
across from New York City's Bat-
tery Park.
LONDON-Britain won explicit
West German support for the first
time yesterday for the idea of
quickly setting up a nuclear force
of national air, land and sea strik-
ing units within the North Atlan-
tic Treaty Organization.
S. " s
BUENOS AIRES, - The armed
forces differed openly yesterday on
the question of whether followers
of ex-dictator Juan D. Peron
should be permitted a formal role
in campaigning for the June 23
national election.
NEW YORK - The New York
Stock'Exchange went through an-
other one of its slow and moder-
ate declines yesterday. The Dow
Jones A'verages showed 30 Indus-
trials down 2.37; 20 Rails down
.43; 15 Utilities up .07; 65 Stocks
down .67
ART SHOW:
Union North Lounge. 3-5
7:30-10 :30 p.m.
Tomorrow
March 20:
"The Limelighters" will tape a Television Show
Contemporary Music Festival: Symphony.Band Concert
Pottery Making Demonstration
Photography Contest Winners
Art Show
-
r
UNIVERSITY LECTURES IN JOURNALISM
EXTRA'
Camp TO-HO-NE for Boys--Great Barrington, Mass.
WS1'S, Sailing, Canoeing, Tennis, Camping,
Riflery, Field Sports, Photography, Ceramics.
Also, man to help 6 bright boys build hor radio and prepare them for
operators license. And, physics students with knowledge of astronomy,
meteorolgy, and electronics. Graduate students or upperclassmen pre-
ferred. Interviews Today thru Friday.
Tel. for appt.: Peter Menaker, Michigan Union,:
Room 336. If no answer, leave message.
MARJORIE HUNTER
Member of the Washington Bureau
of The New York Times
will speak on:
'NEW FRONTIER ON THE POTOMAC"
I
Rackham
Lecture Hall
Thursday, March 21
at 8:30 p.m.
The V-mM Professional' Theatre~ Program
Presents a
SPECIAL PERFORMANCE
By the Broadway Cast
Now Playing in New York!
Tuesday, April 30-Michigan Theatre
The Public is Invited
-1
(This advertisement paid for by the University Press Club of Michigan)
2nd Annual IFC-Vulcans
DR. PHILIP DUEY
Master of Ceremonies
I
1
EDWARD ALBEE'S
I'
11
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MAIL ORDERS NOW FOR1~[ NiE W 'HOI~IRTIUI'
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mm0 ftAN a - i k A, & 6E
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