niuage
Methods
Em phasize
Speech Aspect
By JUDITH OPPENHEIM
The urgency with which foreign language study has come to be
arded lately has resulted in both new methods of instruction and
reased enrollment in University language courses.
With the general intensification of emphasis on foreign lan-
ages, studied because of their applicability to world problems, a
it in teaching methods has placed increasing importance on
ility to speak andunderstand for purposes of conversation.
This shift has been accompanied by an attempt to give the
iguage student some sense of familiarity with the culture and
erature of the ,country whose tongue he is striving to master, rather
an studying the formal rudiments of grammar.
First Semester
Prof. Clarence K. Pott, German department chairman, explains
at first semester German students are now receiving concentrated
actice with conversation drill and patterns. This practice was first
ed during World War II to 4rain soldiers in a short time to get
ng speaking German.
The Army Specialized Training Program rediscovered that a
rson speaks and listens long before he understands structure, Prof.
tt explains. A baby learns to speak -by imitating sounds and in
is way the language becomes natural to him.
It was therefore decided two years ago to try this speaking-
actice known as oral-aural drill, on the first semester German
classes. Students memorize phrases by reading, writing and speak-
ing them over and over.,
Only when they have mastered the phrases themselves do stu-
dents go on to analysis of the grammatical structure. Prof. Pott
says that, although statistics are not yet available on the effective-
ness of the new approach, he believes students learn better this way
and certainly have a much greater command of the language by their
second year.
The only problem, he says, is that mere practice in sound repeti-
tion becomes boring to students who are used to a more analytical
approach to studies.
'Trying to Convince'
"However," he says, "we are trying to convince them to regard the
practice as a game, trusting that it will pay off in the long run."
Students of Japanese and Chinese receive the same method of
instruction, Prof. Yamagiwa says. These languages pose a special
problem because of the difficulty of learning the characters. Ap-
proximately 2,200 are used in writing Japanese and 3,500 in writing
Chinese.
In the elementary classes, students practice orally, imitating the
pronunciation of good native speakers. They learn vocabulary in
context at first, without being concerned with grammar rules.
Practice in everyday conversation is given, with the Japanese
transliterated into English and printed in an exercise book across
from a literal English translation. Prof. Yamagiwa says a literal
translation of idiomatic Japanese helps the student gain a clearer
idea of certain Japanese attitudes and cultural traits, such as ex-
treme politeness. For example, the Japanese reply to the question
"How are you?" is, literally translated, "Thanks to you, I am well,"
regardless of whether the questioner has had anything to do with the
respondent's health.
In addition to regular hours, Japanese classes meet once each
week for coffee and informal conversation to gain practice in the
language. Some classes also hold an extra weekly session just for
conversation.
By the 12th or 13th week, writing is introduced and students
learn the characters in small groups. They then progress to more
and more advanced reading material.
Directs Project
,Prof. Yamagiwa is now directing a project which calls for the,
preparation of five sets of readers for advanced students of Japa-
nese. The readers will contain excerpts from books and articles
published in Japan on language, literature, history, political science
and a combination of social anthropology and sociology.
In this way, students will be able to read in Japanese studies
in the fields of concentration.
Prof. James C. O'Neill, chairman of the romance languages and
literature department, says his department has never used the "old-
fashioned method" of memorizing grammatical rules associated with
dull high school courses.'
The department's first year of instruction is intended to train
students in practical use of the language for everyday conversation
and in reading within a wide range of the language so that they may
use it as a tool for further education.
The second year consists of continued active language practice
and reading from which the student can gain much greater range
of knowledge and information than would be possible if his reading
were restricted to one language.
First-year instruction is therefore heavily audio-lingual with
reading introduced only when it can be handled in the language
and not treated as translation. To as great an extent as is feasible,
classes are conducted in the language studied with as little interfer-
ence of English as possible.
Department Aim
The aim of the Russian department in the elementary courses
is to teach speaking and comprehension. Almost all first and second
year classes are taught by two teachers, one a native speaker of
Russian and one whose first language is English.
The native speaker drills the students in conversation .with the
use of English avoided almost entirely.
The other instructor also conducts conversation practice, but is
available in addition for comment and explanation regarding gram-
matical problems.
See LANGUAGE, Page 5
pru
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HATCHER STAND:
TROUBLE AHEAD?
See Page 4
Seventy-One Years of Editorial Freedom
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SEVEN 4EN 6
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LAOS:
To Oppose Unity Efforts
VIENTIANE, Laos (A)-Royal
government leaders head for Ge-
neva today prepared to take an
uncompromising stand and to
demand that neutralist Prince
Souvanna Phouma give up trying
to form a unity regime.
Officials made this disclosure
yesterday on the eve of the de-
parture of Premier Prince Boun
Oum and his deputy, Gen. Phoumi
Nosavan, for another meeting of
the three rival princes in Geneva.
Diplomatic and government
sources saw little hope the Geneva
talks would produce any kind of at
settlement.
The premier himself announced
before the National Assembly that
he will tell Souvanna; the neu-
tralist ex-premier, that he has
failed.
Boun Oum said he was accept-
ing the invitation of the 14-nation
conference on Laos to go to Ge-
neva mainly to discuss withdrawal
of foreign troops from Laos and
guarantees for the kindom's neu-
trality. ,
By foreign troops, he obviously
referred to forces of Communist
North Viet Nam. Boun Oum in-
sists North Vietnamese in growing
numbers are aiding the Pathet
Lao guerrillas of the third prince,
Souphanouvong.
Castro Releases Plans
To Defend Cuba at OAS
HAVANA (M)-The government disclosed plans yesterday to send
a high powered delegation to the Western hemisphere's foreign
ministers' conference, called to discuss Cuba's alliance with the
Soviet Bloc.
At the same time, Prime Minister Fidel Castro postponed a
huge rally called for Jan. 22, the day the ministers open their
~______sessions in Uruguay's resort city
Face Mask Under Fire;
Decision Comes This Week
By DAVE GOOD
Michigan Athletic Director H.
0.(Fritz) Crisler will be out to
prosecute a seven-year-old kill-
er when the National Football
Rules Committee of the NCAA
meets in Miami to try to reduce
future college football fatalities.
Some football authorities have
placed the blame for the sky-
rocketing number of deaths on
various kinds of rough contact
but most have pointed the fin-
ger of accusation at the nylon
face guard, introduced seven
years ago to prevent facial
fractures.
"I certainly am in favor of
asking a helmet change," Cris-
ler explains. "I personally am
going to sponsor a proposition
that we eliminate the. face
mask. We consider it an illegal
piece of equipment except to
protect an existing face injury.
Check It All
"I am for a pretty thorough
study of all equipment to get
away from the 'armor' aspect,
of football. I think this is de-
feating the purpose of protect-
ing the individual from injury."
Scores of surgeons, physicians
and research men have shown
that a solid blow on the face
guard can force the helmet to
pivot backwards so that the
hard rear part digs into the
back of the neck. The leverage
of the face guard is consider-
able,
Of some 38 high school, col-
lege and sandlot football deaths
last fall, well over half were
attributed to head injuries.
Dr. Richard Schneider, a
University neurosurgeon, found'
that 11 of 14 deaths resulting
from head injuries in 1959 were,
not caused by skull fractures.
Instead they came from blood
clots in the brain and mutila-
tion of part of the spinal cord
-more evidence against the face
mask which dug into the play-
ers' necks.
Accomplice Named
Crisler names the unyielding
chin strap as another of the
rillains. "The face guard won't
of Punta Del Este. It was believed
Castro wanted first to make sure
how Cuba fares at the foreign
ministers' meeting before address-
ing the rally. The date has been
reset for Jan. 28, birthday of
Cuba's national hero, Jose Marti.
New Invasion
The delegation to the foreign
ministers of the Organization of
American States will leave late
next week. The 40-member dele-
gation will be headed by Foreign
Minister Raul Roa. He has said
he will furnish proof a new armed
invasion is threatening Cuba.
With Roa will be Cuba's rep-
resentative, Carlos Lechuga; Ra-
mon Aja, head of the foreign
ministry's Latin American desk,
and Benito Besada Ramos, chief
of the ministry's legal department.
Most Latin American diplomats
here feel this nation's answer to
any request that it leave the Soviet
sphere will be a flat "no.'"
Irreversible Trend
They point out that high priests
of Cuban socialism, including Cas-
tro himself, have too often pro-
claimed the irreversible trend of
the march toward the east.
Another indication' that Cuba
has no intention of changing its
course is the recent signing of a
700 million peso trade agreement
with the Soviet Union for 1962.
Similar deals have been signed,
with almost all Communist coun-
tries.
Diplomats here believe Cube has
no real interest in- abandoning
the OAS but, given a choice, it
would reject the inter-American
system for the Soviet sphere.
EEC Agrees
On New Policy
In 'Ariculture
BRUSSELS (A")-The European
Common Market Council of Minis-
ters has agreed on all aspects of a
joint agricultural policy after a
marathon 16-day session, a spokes-
man for the council announced
early today.
"The ministers now only have to
decide on the passage of the com-
munity into the second stage," he
said, adding that this is expected
quickly.
The European Economic Com-
Negotiation
Talks Fail
Over Berlin
WASHINGTON (P) - United
States-Soviet talks on the Berlin
crisis have failed so far to open
any new approach to negotiations
which would justify an East-West
foreign ministers conference.
After the second meeting of the
second round of exploratory dis-
cussions, 'United States officials
indicated yesterday that the odds
are presently in favor of the crisis
dragging on indefinitely without a
military showdown.
But they see little hope for a
solution, envisioning a prolonged
state of tension with a corrosive
influence o the whole range of
East-West issues.
Arms Talks
It is difficult for diplomats here
to see, for example, how there is
any real chance of making even a
moderately serious new start on
nuclear test ban negotiations, un-
der an international inspection
system, in view of the continuing
Berlin crisis.
United States, British and Soviet
negotiators are due to meet in
Geneva Tuesday, however, for a
new round on the nuclear test
issue. The prospect is that with
international relations generally
showing no real. improvement, the
United States may start a series of
nuclear test explosions in the at-
mosphere in the spring. The final
decision will be made at the last
minute by President John F. Ken-
nedy but preparations for such
shots are underway.
Additional Meetings
Similarly there is no real hope
in official quarters for constructive
disarmament negotiations even
though new East-West talks will
begin in mid-March if tentative
United States-Soviet plans win
general approval in an 18-nation
group sponsored by the United
Nations.
The United States reported to
Washington representatives of its
chief Western allies yesterday on
the lack of progress in United
States exploratory talks with Rus-
sia on the Berlin dispute.
Senate]
Priority
*.,..,*.*,*..*..,*....~ ~~*.** ?"
Te University and. Business
By MICHAEL HARRAH
The University is on the
threshold of a broad new field
of academic pursuit, as it finds
itself attracting business firms
to locate within its scholarly
atmosphere.
The University does not have
an active program to go out and
persuade businesses to join it in
Ann Arbor. But it welcomes the
interest of business in the Uni-
versity, with the hope it will
decide to join forces.
"Ours is a concern with the
readiness to cooperate with the
business world," Vice-President
and Dean of Faculties Marvin
L. Niehuss says. "We prepare
an atmosphere which will help
the state attract new industry
or help the industry that is al-
ready here."
Important Relationship
University President Harlan
Hatcher notes that "an institu-
tion made up so heavily of the
various professional schools
that have such strong research
and graduate programs as the
University does, finds itself in
important relationship with the
society of which it is a part."
He says, for example, that it
is easy for the social work
school to arrange field training
with agencies in Detroit or for
the astronomy department to
contribute to space and na-
tional research. The Univer-
sity's primary connection with
industry comes through the
Institute of Science and Tech-
nology.
"The thing we are currently
for
exploring here is how to make
this relationship as profitable
and effective as possible for all
concerned," he said.
Directly Related
To this end, the University
encourages associations with
business which would be direct-
ly related to the work currently
going on in the various depart-
ments.
"This is a natural associa-
tion," President Hatcher says.
"When a great pharmaceutical
house (Parke, Davis and Co.)
wishes to relocate its research
laboratory, it is fortunate that
it can come to Ann Arbor and
associate itself with us."
He said that association with
the University was particularly
desirable for business, because
they could avail themselves of
the services and knowledge of
the University's research per-
sonnel and cooperate in the use
of the University's facilities.
Dual Profit
He added that the combined
knowledge of business and edu-
cation will profit both parties.
The President notes such a
trend is prevalent around other
top universities, with business
attempting to locate nearby and
avail themselves of the research
facilities. He cites Cambridge,
Princeton, Palo Alto, Pasadena,
Raleigh and Chapel Hill as col-
lege towns which by their very
nature have attracted business
and research activities.
Ann Arbor itself has not been
-lacking in new industry. In re-
cent years, Bendix Systems Di-
vision of the Bendix Corp., Ar-
gue Camera Division of the
Sylvania Electric Products
Corp., a subsidiary of General
Telephone and Telegraph Co.,
and Parke-Davis have moved
here to work with University
research personnel.
First Tenant
Also, the Federal-Mogul Corp.,
is preparing to become the first
tenant in Ann Arbor's vast in-
dustrial research park, a pro-
ject vigorously supported by the
University.
More recently, the Lear Avia-
tion Co. has agreed to open
facilities at Willow Run, in or-
der to avail itself of the re-
search facilities of the aero-
nautical engineering depart-
ment.
"Interest by business in Ann
Arbor is good for the whole
Michigan economy," President
Hatcher says. "Having good or-
ganizations locate in our own
state, helping us push forth our
own frontiers of knowledge, will
do great service to the people
and the economy."
IST Cooperation
According to Niehuss, IST is
in "constant cooperation with
the governor and state agencies
set up to encourage industry,
and it works with business and
industry throughout the state.
This has been and will con-
tinue to be the policy of the
University toward attracting
business to Ann Arbor-not one
of enticement, but one of wel-
come.
Legislators
'optimistic
For Passage
Foresee Approval
. By Large Majority
In Initial Floor Test
WASHINGTON (P) - Senate
Democratic leaders are planning to
call up President John F. Ken-
nedy's college education bill as the
first major legislation to be de-
bated in 1962.
They expect the measure to be
passed by a good margin, starting
the administration's program off
with a victory in its initial floor
test of the session.
Debate is tentatively set to be-
gin Jan. 22 if the Du Pont tax
bill is disposed of in. the' week
ahead as now expected, one leader
reported yesterday.
Parallel Vote
Last year the Senate passed the
President's $2.55-billion public
school grant bill 49 to 34. Demo-
crats think the college measure
can win about the same vote.
The elementary and high school
aid measure was stalled last year
in the House. However, the admin-
istration has voiced confidence
both branches will clear the higher
education bill, especially since it
does not involve the bitterly divi-
sive issue of aid for church
schools.
A $2.67-billion college aid meas-
ure was approved 12 to 2 by the
Senate Labor Committee last Sep-
tember. Sens. Barry Goldwater
(R-Ariz) and John G. Tower (R-
Texas) cast the opposing votes.
Junior Colleges
The bill sent to the floor by the
committee included Kennedy's
recommendations plus an amend-
ment sponsored by Sen. Clifford
P. Case (R-N.J.). to add grants
for community junior colleges.
The five-year program set up in
the measure would include $1.5
billion in loans for classroom con-
struction, $924 million for college
student scholarships, and $250
million in matching grants to help
build public junior colleges.
The bill authorizes 25,000 schol-
arships the first year, 37,000 the
next, and 50,000 each for the
next three years. These could not
exceed $1,000 annually. The states
would administer the program and
a recipient could attend any col-
lege of his choice.
The universities would receive
$350 as a "cost of education al-
lowance" for each scholarship
holder in attendance.
There may be floor disputes over
both the classroom loans and
scholarship provisions.
Movie To Tell
'-
College
Democrats
Urge
Akc
.;. r. . . . .
.".. .....J. ..t..............:......"
U' Man of the. Hour--All Hours
FRITZ CRISLER
... a change
give; the chin strap won't give;
something's got to give." And
he didn't mean the player's
head, either.
A possible solution is a type
of fiberglass headgear modeled
from an auto crash helmet.
This replaces the ordinary sling
suspension with two interior
liners to absorb even normally
fatal "high level impact" blows
from all angles.
It also employs a close-fitting
metal guard dipped in rubber
which would cover nearly the
whole face.
Good Old Days
Crisler, however, comments,
"I haven't seen any face mask
that I think would be desirable.
By NEIL COSSMAN
Time waits for no man, but
when the University clocks stop
they usually wait for Clare Miller,
a Plant Department electrician
who has been curing the clocks'-
occasional ailments and resetting
the vast clock system since he in-
stalled the University's new master
timepiece six years ago.
Hanging on the wall of a small
room in Randall Laboratory, the
master clock of the University
time system appears unaware of
its heavy responsibility.
Charged with keeping nearly
3000 clocks running on time, the
master clock itself is usually cor-
rected every five minutes by radio
signals from the National Ob-
servatory in Arlington, Va.
Interference
Until recently, the huge magnets
for the Randall Laboratory cyclo-
tron interfered with the radio cor-
rection signals. Since the magnets
were never on for more than 16
hou~rs a dvt here wasaw
AT RACKHAM:
.Bowles Set
To Address
Conference
Chester Bowles, roving ambassa-
dor and special adviser on develop-
ing countries to President John F.
Kennedy, will speak on campus
tomorrow and Tuesday under the
auspices of the twenty-third an-
nual Michigan Pastors Conference.
He will discuss "The New Year
and America's Foreign Policies," at
8 p.m. tomorrow and 9 a.m. Tues-
day in Rackham Lecture Hall..
Other speakers tomorrow include
C. E. Bartlett, President of the
Colgate-Rochester Divinity School
of New York, who will lecture on
"What Do We Mean-One Nation
Under God?" at 2:30 p.m., and
Max Ways, assistant managing
editor of Fortune, who will con-
sider "The Search, for Foreign
Policy Goal," at 4 p.m., both in
Rackham.
Adrian College President John
MINUTE MAN-Clare Miller of the Plant Department inspects
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