THE MICHIGAN DAILY
ENATE TESTIMONY:
Powers Describes Mystery Explosion'
Kennedy
Urges
Russia
WASHINGTON (P)-U-2 pilot
Francis Gary Powers came through
with high-flying colors yesterday
as he told a Senate committee
how a mysterious explosion
brought his reconnaissance plane
down in the heart of Russia.
Even before the 32-year-old
center of a great international
furore took the witness chair to
testify, an official report vindi-
cated him as a man who lived up
to "his obligations as an Ameri-
can"-a man who:
. ..Strove in vain to blow up his
stricken craft to prevent it from
falling into the hands of his cap-
tors when he was forced down in
a wild spin 1,200 miles inside Rus-
sia's heartland May 1, 1960.
.. .Refused to give the Russians,
during endless hours of interro-
gation, certain information, such
as nthe names of other U-2 pilots.
Only followed instructions of
his Central Intelligence Agency
superiors in telling the Russians
he worked for the CIA, and in con-
fessing at the showpiece trial in
Moscow's hall of mirrors that he
had been guilty of "grievous" spy-
ing, for which he said he was truly
sorry.
"I made this statement on the
advice of my (Soviet) defense
counsel, and also because it was
easy to say I was sorry, because
what I meant by saying that and
what I wanted them to think I
meant was quite different. My
main sorrow was that the mission
failed.
"One thing I always remembered
while I was there: I am an Ameri-
can."
Powers gave two bits of testi-
mony which might be ofsignifi-
cance in unravelling the mystery.
As he sped over the. Ural Sea,
he said he saw two jet condensa-
tion trails 20 or 30 miles away and
well below hin. The firstdtrail
was going in the opposite dire-
tion from his craft, and a little
later a trail appeared going in the
same direction as the U-2.
F4 It may have been a single Rus-
' sia jet which reversed directions
he said
Later, after he struggled out of
his doomed craft and came down
by parachute, he saw a second
parachute descending, a red and
white one which was not part of
his plane's equipment.
Algeria Rebels
Express Hope
For War End
EVIAN France WP) - Algerian
Rebel negotiators expressed con-
fidence yesterday that, despite
continuing terrorist violence, final
peace talks with the French will
end the nationalist rebellion and
open the way for Algeria's inde-
pendence.
Deputy Premier Belkacem Krim
predicted "a lasting, satisfactory
and happy solution" on arriving in
nearby Geneva for afinal phase
conference opening here today. He
said the nationalists come "with
the will to succeed and thus defi-
nitely conclude, if possible, this
negotiation."
Krim heads the delegation dis-
patched by the Algerian rebel re-
gime fromits headquarters in
exile in Tunis. The' French team
is led by Louis Joxe, minister for
Algerian affairs.
To Abandon Propagand
U.S. Seeks
I
Successful
Geneva Talks
Thompson
Message to
Carries
Kremlin
-AP Wirephoto
WASHINGTON-Francis Gary Powers is at the witness table ready to testify before the Senate
Armed Services Committee. This is Powers' first public appearance since being released by the
Russians.
GRADUAL CONTRACTION:
Will World Events Affect U.S. Bases?
Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer
There is a strong possibility that
Uncle Sam's multi-million-dollar
network of overseas military bases
faces gradual contraction in the
next few years due to the chang-
ing complexion of international
affairs.
At the, moment the base with
the shortest life expectancy
is
National
Roundup
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - Atty. Gen.
Robert F. Kennedy said yesterday
the John Birch Society is largely
a well-meaning group which could
do the country greater good if it
devoted its energy to positive
strengthening of democracy in-
stead of tilting at domestic Com-
munists..
* * *
NEW YORK-The United States
government charged in federal
court yesterday that $100,000 was
paid to the late Sen. George Bend-
er (R-Ohio) to try to killan in-
vestigation into a stock fraud cbn-
troversy.
* * *
WASHINGTON-It may take
another year or two of research
to tell whether the United States
should go into production of a
reconnaissance-strike version of
the 2,000 mile-an-hour B70
bomber, a Defense Department
spokesman said yesterday.
* * '*
WASHINGTON-A Nike Zeus
anti-missile launched from Kwaj-
alein Island successfully intercept-
ed an electronically - simulated
missile target, the Army said yes-
terday.
* * *
WASHINGTON-State Depart-
ment officials reported yesterday
that Fidel Castro has a new mili-
tary adviser-a man who com-
manded a republican army corps
during the Spanish revolution and
was a Soviet general in World
War II.
NEW YORK-The stock market
went through another slow decline
yesterday, with sharp losses among
savings and loan and auto shares.
Standard and Poor's 500 Index
declined .23, with 425 industrials
off .27, 25 rails down .16, and
50 utilities down .03.
Lajes Air Base on the island of
Terceira in the Portuguese Azores.
Uncle Sam began using Lajes in
the midst of World War II, under
agreement with Portugal. In the
years since then almost $250 mil-
lion has been put into the big air-
ield, permanent buildings, com-
munications and navigation equip-
ment and aircraft stationed there.
The Azores base is an impor-
tant stepping stone for combat
planes and transports on the
sour.hern route to Europe, Africa
and the Middle East, especially
when North Atlantic storms blot
out the shorter great circle route.
Tanker Base
A squadron of ,Strategic Air
Command tanker planes is sta-
tioned at Lajes for mid-air re-
fueling of jet bombers en route
across the Atlantic.
Agreements with Portugal on
the use of the base have been re-
newed twice since the original
postwar pact in 1948. The latest
agreement 'comes up for renewal
this spring. This time, however,
there is doubt whether Portugal
will cooperate.
The Portuguese government is
unhappy over the United States
attitude towards Portugal's trou-
bles with her African colony of
Angola and was severely disap-
pointed by the relatively mild
Western reaction to India's seiz-
ure of Goa and two other Portu-
guese enclaves on the Indian sub-
continent.
While the most serious and.
most current, the Azores base is
not the only one with a shadowy
future.
Built for SAC
The United States has agreed
to turn over the last of its Stra-
tegic Air Command bases in Mor-
occo to that country by 1963. The
Moroccan bases, in which the
United States investment now to-
tals almost $400 million for con-
struction and equipment alone,
were built to provide a staging
point for SAC bombers on mis-
sions to Russian targets.
The original agreement for
building and operating the bases
was made with France. Since then,
Morocco has become independent.
Another threatened base is the
Navy's important installation at
Guantanamo Bay. Fidel Castro's
Communist Cuba repeatedly has
threatened to take it over, and
Castro no doubt would if he
thought he could get away with
it. "Yank Go Home" agitation also
has occurred in Okinawa, Japan,
Iceland and several other coun-
tries.
Altogether, the Defense Depart-
ment lists nearly 100 names among
major and minor military bases
overseas and in Alaska and Ha-
waii. The list doesn't include many
tiny installations nor intermediate
range missile launch sites, which
are classified. In mrany cases, the
base:. are shared with the military
cf host countries or with commer-
cial operators.
The list includes 72 Air Force
bases, 20 Navy and 20 Army.
The changing temper of inter-
national relations and emergence
of new independent nations around
the world has other repercussions,
too. Sea and air routes can be-
come involved.
Over-Fly Rights
And as governments change,
so-called "over - fly" privileges
change and aircraft must go
around instead of over certain
territory. A recent example is Cu-
ba, where United States aircraft
now skirt instead of over-flying
on their way from the United
States to South America and the
Panama Canal Zone.
While Air Force officials pri-
vately express deep concern over
the future of such an important
base as the one in the Azores,
there is a balancing trend which
brightens an otherwise dark pic-
ture. The system of overseas bases,
especially those within striking
distance of the Communist land
mass, have for more than a dec-
ade been the key to American
"massive retaliation" strategy.
However, with increasing num-
bers of nuclear-tipped interconti-
nental missiles going operational
inside the United States itself, and
more and mlore Polaris submarines
going on station in the North At-
lantic, the strategic necessity of
overseas bases is declining.
In the age of pushbutton war-
fare, you don't need many over-
seas bases. Just a steady hand
over the button.
WASHINGTON (R) - President
John F. Kennedy urged Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev yesterday to
put aside "sterile exchanges of
propaganda" and work for success
of the disarmament negotiations
beginning in Geneva next week.
Kennedy made his appeal in a
letter delivered in Moscow yester-
day by Ambassador Llewellyn
Thompson. The letter welcomed
Khrushchev's decision to send
Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko
to Geneva to meet with Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk and other
foreign ministers on disarmament
problems.
"It will be the purpose of the
representatives of the United
States, headed by Secretary Rusk,
to make every possible effort to
find paths toward disarmament,"
Kennedy, wrote Khrushchev.
Quite Brief
His unusually brief message to
the Soviet leader was made public
here a few hours after Khrush-
chev released a letter he sent
Kennedy last weekend reluctantly
agreeing to have foreign ministers
open the disarmament talks in-
stead of beginning with a summit
conference.
British Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan and a number of oth-
er government heads had turned
down Khrushchev's summit pro-
posal, saying it would be better
to start the negotiations with for-
eign ministers and reserve the pos-
sibility of a suimmit meeting for
later.
Raps Policy
Khrushchev denounced Kenne-
dy's decision to resume nuclear
weapons testing in the atmosphere
in late April unless, in the mean-
time, Russia and the Western pow-
ers can agree on and sign a
treaty banning nuclear tests un-
der a workable international in-
spection system.
Kennedy called in his top diplo-
matic and military policy-makers
late yesterday afternoon to go.
over disarmament policy moves,
with special emphasis on problems
of international inspection to pre-
vent violations of a test-ban agree-
ment.
Khrushchev's Fireworks
May Be AimedaParty
MOSCOW (PA)-The spray of diplomatic sparks covering Premi
Nikita Khrushchev's withdrawal of his demand for a summit confe
ence at Geneva may have been meant as much for the eyes of Y
party associates as for President John F. Kennedy, informed quarte
said yesterday.
Khrushchev's acceptance of the proposals of Kennedy and Briti
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan that the big three foreign ministe
meet to discuss nuclear test bans and that foreign ministers head
the 17-nation disarmament talks was a big change from 1960.
Many Objections
In 1960 Khrushchev overrode the objections of many nation
leaders to a summit meeting at the United Nations General Assemt
and forced many of them, including President Dwight D. Eisenhow
to appear.
Khrushchev's backtracking this time was against the backgrou
of a Communist Party Central Committee meeting in the Kremlin
put new starch in the Soviet agricultural fabric.'
Khrushchev conceded food shortages in the Soviet Union at Mc
day's committee meeting, a chronic problem plaguing the premie
plans to overhaul the United States as an economic power.
Uses Diversions
In his reply to Kennedy, Khrushchev used an argument popul
with Communists. He blamed the United States decision to resur
nuclear tests in the atmosphere in late April on munitions monopoli
seeking to profit from nuclear weapons and from shelters to proti
the American people from the fallout.
Khrushchev said Kennedy's plan to resume the tests unless Ru
sia agrees to an inspection system and a test ban treaty was "atop
blackmail" that wouldn't work. He said it would bring on a new rou
of tests, "a kind of chain reaction--and this is what you call in yc
message sensible policy.,
NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV
... no summit
WET NAM:
Felt Shows
optimism
SAIGON (MP-Adm. Harry D.
Felt said yesterday United States-
armed South Viet Nam troops are
on the offensive against Commu-
nist jungle fighters who have been
attacking in rising force in recent
weeks.
The supreme commander of
United States forces in the Pa-
cific, here for a two-day tour of
military installations, made his re-
marks after South Vietnamese
forces reported two major victor-
ies in the past two days.
United States-supplied aircraft
and United States Army helicop-
ter teams played key roles in the
military successes, believed to be
the biggest of the year after three
major setbacks for President Ngo
Dinh Diem's forces.
Felt appeared undisturbed by
the previous Communist successes
in South Viet Nam. He told re-
porters reports of Communist in-
filtratidn of South Viet Nam from
the north or Red China should
not be exaggerated.
"They (Communists) are not 50
feet tall," he said. "We are taller
than they are, and I think they
have reason to be cautious."
Felt will confer with Gen. Paul
D. Harkins, named last month to'
head the greatly expanded mili-
tary aid program for South Viet
Nam.
SAN FRANCISCO BALLET
TO BRING "SIN" TO ANN ARBOR
The world acclaimed SAN FRANCISCO BALLET will
perform at the Ann Arbor High School Auditorium, this
Friday evening, March 9th, 8:30 P.M., and Saturday March
10th, 2:30 P.M., matinee. On opening night, they will per.
form ORIGINAL SIN.
THIS BALLET created a sensation when it was intro-
duced last Spring in San Francisco. It was danced 14 tibxes
instead of the 5 performances originally scheduled. John
Lewis, musical director of the Modern Jazz Quartet, wrote
the score. The libretto, written by Kenneth Rexroth, deals
with the creation of man, his temptation, his exile from the
Garden of Eden.
EVERYWHERE they have gone, the performers have
been praised for the technical mastery of the finest classical
tradition. More importantly, they have been recognized for
the very qualities that characterize America-fresh, bound.
ing, exhilarating, exuberant. This is Ann Arbor's first
opportunity to enjoy them.
Tickets are available at The Disc Shop, 1210 S. Uni-
versity, Grinnell's, Main St., Marshall's Book Store, S.
State St.
mmmm
I
BONNIE BELL
REVLON
RUBENSTEIN
DANA
The
The ILLAGER
APOTHE CART
1112 S. University
open'til 11 P.M.
I
MARCH 9th
BLOCK TICKET SALES
STARTTOA
for
FROM THE
Featuring
* THE ARBORS . THE FRIARS
" THE CUYAHOGA WAITERS OF CORNELL
* THE DQ'S OF AMHERST
1.
Don't Miss the
PAUL BUNYAN BALL
Saturday Night-March 10
8 P.M. - 12 P.M.
photographers
Have YOU entered the
CREATIVE ARTS FESTIVAL
A
I
8 P.M. -9 P.M. - Square Dancing
InformaI
PHOTO
CONTEST?
I
Michigan Union Ballroom
Tickets available on Diag and at the door
* TE QUINIONESRKOM UMWAYN>T >I Alt
and introducing
THE TRINIDADS OF TRINITY COLLEGE
who recently appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show
IN A CONCERT OF THE NATION'S GREATEST
COLLEGIATE VOCAL GROUPS
I
I
B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation
Takes Pleasure in Announcing a Lecture by
DR. ALFRED JOSPE
Prizes include:
* Argus C-3 Matchmatic Outfit
* Gossen Sixtomatic meter, model X-2
" Argus 75 Portrait Album Kit
" Berrin Gadget Bag
SATURDAY, MARCH 17
8:30 P.M.
HILL AUDITORIUM
Nat'!. Dir., Department of Program and Resources