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Truth Will Prevail"~
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in al; reprints.
'URDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1964
NIGHT EDITOR: STEVEN HALLER
Districting Group
Shirks Responsibility
THE EIGHT-MAN bipartisan commission
on reapportionment, whose members
were appointed late last year by the Re-
publican and Democratic state central
committees, has failed to come up with a
plan for redistricting the state.
The commission, which was split along
party lines throughout its short life, fail-
ed to come up with a workable redistrict-
ing plan because neither side was willing
to compromise. The Republicans worked
only for Republican interests, and the
Democrats worked only for Democratic
interests; both sides seemed to have for-
gotten that they were all supposed to
have been working for the good of the
entire state.
THE REAPPORTIONMENT demanded by
the new constitution is supposed to
even out representatioh in the state, not
decide which party should be in power
through gerrymandering the state legisla-
tive districts.
Since the commission has failed to per-
form the task it was supposed to, the de-
cision on redistricting is now up to the
state Supreme Court. With its Democratic
majority, the high court will probably in-
terpret the redistricting formula set up in.
the constitution in favor of the Demo-
crats, and for this reason the Democrats
may have wanted the commission to fail
from the start.
It becomes even more apparent that
the Democrats never planned to compro-
mise in the special committee when one
considers the fact that two Republican-
backed bills aimed at postponing reap-
portionment until at least next year were
introduced in the Legislature even before
the commission finally decided that it
was hopelessly deadlocked.
One of the measures would extend the
terms of the present legislators until 1966,,
while the other would simply put off the
deadline for reapportioning the state to
1965. Passage of either of these bills would
serve only to delay further something
which has been put off long enough.
Since the commission failed to do any-
thing toward drawing up the new dis-
tricts called for in the constitution, the
Supreme Court, which could conceivably
make a decision by next week, should take
up the reins of responsibility that the
commission discarded and make a logi-
cal decision about the question of re-
districting.
. 4
- x
T :
Ai ;
SOCIALISTIC PROGRAMS:
exican Nation Moves Forwar
By ROBERT M. HUTCHINS
fow CAN the citizen protect
himself against the bureau-,
crat? How can the bureaucrat
protect himself against the poli-
tician and the pressure group?
How can the people of a bureau-
cratic state participate in their
government?
These questions were raised at
raised at the tenth celebra-
tion of the Fund for the Repub-
lic and its Center for the Study
of Democratic Institutions in Bev-
erly Hills, and some of them
were answered by Newton Min-
ow, former chairman of the Fed-
eral Communications Commission,
and Adm. H. G. Rickover of the
Atomic Energy Commission.
Both speakers pointed out that
every democratic country has to
face these questions. As the de-
mands of defense, education and
welfare increase, the bureaucra-
cy grows in size, power and im-
portance.
AS ADMIRAL RICKOVER said,
the phenomenal growth of tech-
nology and population leads to
giant organizations, and giant or-
ganizations can be run only by
bureaucracies.
The vote, which is the people's
weapon against the politicians,
does not affect the bureaucracy.
The courts, which are the instru-
ments of justice, cannot control
it. Discussion, criticism and par-
ty organization, which are the
means of political participation, do
not reach it.
Yet this mysterious and impen-
etrable apparatus is much more
significant in the daily life of
the citizen than the orations and
gyrations of elected officials or the
solemn pronouncements of the
courts of law.
No country has successfully an-
swered all the questions that bu-
reaucracy presents. France has an
efficient civil service. Without it.
the nation could not have sur-
vived the almost daily changes in
government before de Gaulle. The
French system of administrative
courts protects the citizen against
the inhumanity of the bureau-
cratic machine.
But France, of all the nations
of the West, seems to have the
lowest rate of participation by
the people in the actual opera-
tions of government. It is not
their government: it is govern-
ment conducted for their benefit
by highly-trained professionals.
ENGLAND has an efficient civ-
ii service. The doctrine of minis-
terial responsibility, which is the
cornerstone of the British consti-
tution, means that all power is
exercised in the name of political
officers representing the party in
power. The minister may be ques-
tioned in Parliament; the civil
servants in his department may
not be.
This makes for efficiency. But,
since the civil servants are invis-
ible and anonymous, it.does not
make for justice.
* * *
THE BRITISH institution known
as the "tribunal" is a promising
effort to achieve justice. It is al-
so the only device anywhere that
involves large numbers of the peo-
ple in running the bureaucracy.
There are more than 2000 tri-
bunals in England, and more every
day. They decide any question
raised by any citizen about the
administration of the welfare
state as it applies to him.
The tribunals have branches all
over the country. The work is
done, usually on a part-time basis,
by thousands of local people who
serve for very little pay or no pay
at all.
This is a new kind of legal sys-
tem. It deserves imitation in this
country; for, as Mr. Minow said,
one trouble with our administra-
tive agencies is that they are
overloaded with judicial, for quasi-
judicial, decisions.
* * *
THE SWEDES have found a way
to give the people justice without
sacrificing efficiency. Their insti-
tution, the Ombudsman, is the
lineal descendant of the Tribune
of the People, who protected Ro-
man citizens against administra-
tive harshness 2500 years ago.
The Ombudsman has the power
to call any administrative agency
to account, either on, his own
motion or on the complaint of a
citizen. He can hail the agency
into court if he wishes. But his
success has depended chiefly on
the great attention his reports re-
ceive in Parliament and the press.
In a typical year, 1000 cases re-
sult in 250 warnings and repri-
mands and only five prosecutions.
The Ombudsman has now spread
to Denmark, Norway and New
Zealand. The dangers and difficul-
ties Admiral Rickover and Mr.
Minow point to in our system
would be reduced by importing
him into this country.
Copyright, 1964, Los Angeles Times
WHAT KIND OF WORLD?
Protecting People
From Bureaucrats
I
The Game
ANYONE BAFFLED by the chronic habit
of seniors seeking out those dull fresh-
man courses in which to collect their last
few credit-hours might take a look at
certain upperclass courses. There one
will find numerous two- and three-credit
courses in which the work expected is far,
out of line with the credits given.
It's reasonable, of ,course, to expect stu-
dents in advanced courses to start with
some knowledge of the subject, and to
be prepared for more sophisticated work.
That isn't the point here. The point is
that the sheer volume of many a two-
credit course given in the literary col-
lege exceeds that of four-credit fresh-
man courses.
THERE IS PRESENTLY a movement
afoot in the college to hike the num-
ber of credits given in these courses, by
holding the number of class-meetings per
week constant while requiring extra out-
side work. This is ,a commendable move
on its own merits. But again, it misses
the present point; increasing both cred-
its and work in these courses does not
eliminate the current inequities.
Students didn't devise the credit-hour
system and, many protest its existence.
But if have to play the game, let's at least
nake the rules fair.
-K. WINTER
THE ONE ISSUE which hangs over the
whole reapportionment issue is the
lawsuit presently being pressed by Au-
gust Scholle, president of the state AFL-
CIO, and four other labor leaders against
the formula in the constitution which is
to be used in redistricting. Scholle claims
that the formula, which states that rep-
resentation should be based on an 80-20
population-area basis, violated the fed-
eral Constitution.
No matter which way the court decidedj
in this case, it is almost sure to be ap-
pealed to the United States Supreme
Court, so it appears that any decision
that will come out of this case won't
come in time to affect the elections this
fall.
If the Supreme Court should fail to
draw the new district lines by June 16,
the final date for candidates to file for
primary elections, the election next fall.
may have to be conducted on an at-large
basis, a chaotic situation at best.
However, the chances of this happen-
ing are slim, because it seems certain
that the Supreme Court will do what
the special commission on reapportion-
ment failed to do-come up with a real-
istic and workable plan for redistricting
the state in time for the fall elections.
-THOMAS COPI
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
A NATO Responsibility,
by Walter Lippmann
By MICHAEL HARRAH
Daily Correspondent
MEXICO CITY - Over a mile
into the clouds stretches one
of North America's most beautiful
cities -- the Federal District of
Mexico.
And from this perch high above
the Mexican nation, perhaps too
many tales have persisted-tales
which are no longer true.
Thisrisea city of many contrasts.
The new and modern buildings
rise up among their centuries-old
counterparts. Modern stores
crammed with factory-made goods
do business alongside homemade
stands. But one thing stands out:
the picture of widespread, pathetic
poverty one reads of in geography
books or hears'of from proponents
of the Alliance for Progress, sim-
ply doesn't exist.
To be sure, there are poor peo-
ple, make no mistake about that,
and undoubtedly they number
more than should be tolerated. But
they are not destitute; they are
nothstarving; theyare not ill-
clothed. Granted, they may just
barely have enough to live from
day to day, but the point remains
-they do have enough.
MOREOVER, Mexico City itself
is not a suggestion of widespread
poverty. There are literally hun-
dreds of banks. A bank here is al-
most as common as a gas station
in the United States. And there
are many big stores, full of goods
made by manufacturers readily
recognizable by any American
schoolboy and full of local people
buying them. The turnover is
staggering, I am told, and the
prices are not too much, if any,
below American levels. This is not
a picture of gasping poverty, but
rather one of increasing affluence.
True, this is not an accurate
picture of all Mexico. The vast
rural areas are nowherenear so
well off as the cities; but even
there, the people are no longer
destitute. Of course, they haven't
many of the modern comforts that
Americans cannot seem to live
without, but by the same token,
they haven't many of the troubles
attendant upon modern life.
Most important, I think, they
are happy people. Their relative
poverty doesn't seem to bother
them, maybe only because they
don't know what they're missing,
but I suspect not. Rather, I thinlk,
they are taking the 'little which
comes their way and enjoying it.
* * *
IT HAS NOT always been this
way, of course. There was a time
not long ago when poverty was
widespread, and it is these times
which our Alliance for Progress
friends are recalling. Modern Mex-
ico City however has left them be-
hind. Particularly under the six-
year reign of President Adolf o Lo-
pez-Mateos, which has less than a
year left to run, the government
has been on the move to better
things for the people.
In many ways, Mexico is quite
socialistic, a concept which strikes
horror into the hearts of many
Americans, but which serves a
good purpose here. Transporta-
THESE policies are firmly en-
trenched. The Lopez-Mateos gov-
ernment enjoys immense popular-
ity, and though he cannot, by law,
succeed himself, his hand-picked
successor, Manuel Diaz-Ordaz, is
virtually without opposition in.
next July's election.
This means another six years of
the same for Mexico, and I think
this is good. The country has been
making great strides in self-
reliance over the last decade, and
certainly this should continue. And
though some may ask, "What does
this bode for America?", I am sure
the dangers are largely figments of
the imagination on the part of the
radical right.
True, the Mexican government
maintains diplomaticrelations
with Cuba and undoubtedly will
continue to do so, and many Mex-
ican politicians have attacked the
United States with great vigor.
But We forebodings are little more
than talk.
Mexico is, after all, for Mexico,
first, last and always, and her ac-
tions are always going to be those
of self-interest. The Americans'
snarl-fight with Castro does not
concern Mexico, and Mexico is not
about to become involved in it.
As for the political diatribes, they
are directed more at the coming
elections than at the Americans
to the north.
BY AND LARGE, the Mexican
people like America and the Amer-
icans; they will gladly say so.
Much of their new-found afflu-
ence emanates from American fac-
tories and the Mexican people are
proud of their American posses-
sions. In fact, if all traces of the
United States were removed, Mex-
ico would indeed consist of very
little. Many American firms have
established factories and assembly
plants here, providing jobs and
consumer goods.- American cars
are a prized possession, "foreign"
cars are often looked down upon.
Mexicans readily identify 'with
America, and the United States
has become very much a part of
the Mexican way .of life.
So the United States need not
worry. While Mexicans may not
take the cold war as seriously as
we do. they are nevertheless quite
sure of which side they favor.
* * *
YET THE United States must.
take care. More than anything
else, Mexicans are proud of their
national identity. They don't want
to be thought of as an American
charity case, but rather they want
to be treated as good friends. This
means both the American govern-
ment and its private citizens must
let Mexico forge ahead on its own.
Mexico no longer needs a "big
brother" to the North, just a "good.
neighbor."
"A VIEW From the Bridge" at,
Cinema Guild tonight and to-
morrow, is a powerful, well-acted
drama. Based on the play by Ar-
thur Miller, it tells of a man whose
possessive love and subconscious
desire for his niece doesn't allow
him to accept her maturation and
eventual marriage.
The theme, as is true in most of
Miller's work, emphasizes the
tragedy of the little man, the av-
erage, everyday person, and shows
that his troubles and needs, de-
sires and aspirations are just as
momentous, as real and sometimes
even as noble as those of the Aris-
totilean tragic hero.
* * *
RAF VALLONE, as Eddie, the
dock worker, makes excellent use
of his entire body to portray his
character. His eyes and mocking
voice reveal his deep confusion.
The muscles in his legs and arms
radiate tension, restraint, anger.
His emotional scenes are hard,
strong and well-controlled.
Carol Lawrence as Catherine,
the niece, is just naive enough to
make a point without being in-
sipid and Marco, the Sicilian cou-
sin, is particularly well portrayed.
Though he says little, it is always
apparent that he is thinking and
understanding and deciding. His
emotional build up and final show-
down with Eddie is therefore clear
and expected.
There are many good moments
in the movie, such as Eddie watch
ing Catherine's skirt twirl up as
she dances and Rodolpho discov
ering an automat. The director ef-
fectively utilizes music, photogra-
phy and groupings to create a
mood. Unfortunately these moods
are often destroy e by the actors'
poor diction.
THE CAMERA work is some-
times good and sometimes inade-
quate. Many times half a face or
part of a person is shown when
it is really necessary to see the
whole picture. On the other hand,
there are many effective long shots
which definitely enhance the
mood, such as those of Eddie fac-
ing the suddenly cool d un-
friendly crowd and Eddie follow-
ing Catherine down the dark
streets of New York.
The last shot is particularly well
directed. A long shot of Eddie ly-
ing in the midst of the crowd, it
allows the audience to move away
from all the emotion and view the
scene from the viewpoint of Al-
fiari, the lawyer, who has seen
much violence on these streets.
-Linda Zitomer
'A VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE':
Effective Production
To The Edito
YPRUS IS AN ISLAND off the coast
of Turkey which was ceded to Great
itain by the Turks in 1878 and made
dependent on Aug. 16, 1960. A sizable
ijority of the inhabitants are, however,
eeks, and the crucial problem of Cy-
Is is how the Turkish minority is to
e in peace with the Greek majority.
'he two communities don't want to
e with each other. The Greek Cypriots
nt union with Greece. The Turkish
priots want partition. Britain would
e to find a way for the two communi-
s to co-exist and cooperate.
:t would have been a marvel if the ac-
'ds reached in 1959 had worked. For
-existence under one government re-
.res a high degree of political matur-
based on long habit under an accept-
ish intervention, is certain to be impos-
sible for the home government in Lon-
don. For it does not dare to introduce
conscription with an election just ahead,
and without conscription the British do
not have the forces to meet all their
commitments from Germany to East Af-
rica to the Middle East to Singapore and
Borneo.
NEVERTHELESS, unattractive as is the
prospect of American involvement,
there is no doubt that massacres, civil
war and war between Turkey and Greece
must be prevented. Our reservations do
not arise from the risk of being involved
in another indecisive guerrilla war as in
Viet Nam. If there is to be allied inter-
vention, it can be massive enough to po-
lice the island and protect both communi-
ties. Since Cyprus is an island, this should
be feasible.
The real problem is to decide who is to
decide how Cyprus is to be governed in
the future. In my opinion, the military
risk of participation in a peace-keeping
operation is not a very great risk. What
the United States has to worry about are
the moral and political risks of a new re-
sponsibility for which we are unprepared
and in which we have only a secondary
national interest.
To the Editor:
IT SUPPOSEDLY breaks all the
rules of good physical and men-
tal health, in America, to do any-
thing while you are emotionally
upset. But I'll do it anyway. Ex-
cept for your reviews of Hollywood
comedies, your critical notices
should be burned before they
reach the public. Sam Walker
(Jan. 30), as usual, panned one
of the most strikingly sensitive
movies that I've ever seen (except
for "La Strada," which was also
blackballed in The. Daily).
I am referring to the Polish film
"Kanal." Mr. Walker found it
"lacking," mainly because so much
of it takes place in a sewer which
he felt was too unrealistic and ab-
stract for the viewer. Well, to his
credit, few people were there to-
night (Thursday). I asked a num-
ber of people to go: they were all
too busy. However, perhaps others
would have seen it but for the
shockingly insensitive review.
I WONDER at the maturity of
a student body which is so totally
indifferent to what is beyond the
clean, well-lighted university ex-
istence, beyond sororities, tomor-
row's classes or tomorrow's career:
Mr. Walker wanted a faster pace
and less of the ubiquitous sense of
futility (as if it were something
one could get away from).
The greatest significance in the
IQC..
To the Editor:
AFTER reading the editorial by
Laurence Kirshbaum entitled
"Huntington Rebuilds IQC," I
could not help but laugh a little.
It may be true that Huntington
has done a good job with the com-
mittee structure of a traditionally
weak organization, but the campus
does not view the organization by
its committee structure or how
well the president sets it up.
An organization is usually
judged by the association of its
leaders with the rest of the cam-
pus and other organizations. In
this respect, I find that Hunting-
ton is seriously lacking. In my as-
sociation with him, as the head
of my organization, I have found
that his powers and leadership as
a president have been weak.
THEREFORE, I would suggest
to IQC that now that a revision of
the structure of their organization
has taken place and has been
moderately successful, a revision
of the powers and duties of the
President be made more firm and
far-reaching. This would do more
for the organization than further
changes in the committee struc-
ture.
-Ron Kramer
Editor, 1964 Michiganensian
BILLY LIAR':
Dream worldly
PROBLEM which Britain has plac-
I before us is what to do about the
cdown of the 1960 experiment. That
s broken down is shown by the fact
the British government is asking the
ed States and other NATO countries
ailitary help in keeping order in Cy-
For there is immediate danger of a
war among the Cypriots in which
ey would intervene to protect the
ish community and Greece would
vene to resist the Turkish intervn-
ILLY.LIAR," now showing at
the Campus Theater, is as fine
a motion picture as it is frustrat-
ing. It manages to be both highly
amusing .and deeply disturbing;
yet it never quite satisfies the
very thirst it creates.
Billy Fisher, a young clerk in
an undertaking firm, is labeled
"Billy Liar" by his cohorts be-
cause he always invents stories.
Billy goes one step further by
inventing his own dream world,
Ambrosia, where he rules supreme.
His dream personality becomes
Walter Mitties he can put on and
strike out at all those whose real-
ity threatens his peace.
TOM COURTNEY as Billy is
superb. His moods are as change-
able and fanciful, as brooding and
searching as the picture tself. He
Liz is what Billy wants to be,
she changes her surroundings as
her moods. But Billy can't do this
himself. Liz steps out of Billy's
safe world and tries to take Billy
with her. Thus Billy is offered the
choice of a dream world (i.e. Lon-
don/Liz escape) or the world he
has avoided with his dreams. Liz
offers Billy a life with her that
avoids the latter. He declines.
BILLY'S DECISION to remain
and live in the world that fosters
his dream life seems cowardly;
but is it? The chance remains
that perhaps Billy has finally
"grown up" as he was admonish-
ed, that the Counselors words
have taken effect. Billy may throw
the calendars to the wind but he
can't escape the dates on them.