SLY 25, 1964
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
pi
RY 25, 1964 THE MICHIGAN DAILY 1'
Gaulle Explains Decision to Johnson;
intends U.S. China Policy Out of Date
(EDITOR'S NOTE: The decision
by French President Charles de
tsaule to recognize Red China
places new strains on Washington-
Paris reations. it is a, ove strong-
ly Oposed by the United States.
Why is he going through with the
recognition? His reasoning is cov-
ered in this article.)
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
AP Diplomatic Affairs Writer
WASHINGTON-French Presi-
dent Charles de Gaulle has sent
word to President Lyndon B.
Johnson that he decided to recog-
nize Red 'China primarily because
he felt it unwise in a rapidly
changing world to ignore any
longer the largest and most pow-
erful nation in the Far East.
De Gaulle's argument, made
nown to the State Department
and White House through various
diplomatic channels, boiled down
to a contention that the United
States policy of trying to isolate
the Communist mainland of Chi-
na from the world of allied na-
tions is unproductive and out of
date.
The latest and perhaps most
comprehensive presentation of de
Gaulle's views on this alliance-
straining issue was made by Ca
nadan Prime Minister Lester B.
Pearson w'hen. he conferred here
Wednesday with Johnson.
Pearson came here following a
visit to Paris last week during
which he had several talks with
the French leader.
Expect Announcement
France is expected to announce
recognition. next week and. take
immediate steps to establish full
diplomatic relations with the Red
regime in Peking. Next Friday de
Gaulle is scheduled to hold a news
conference and the prospect is
that he will set forth his position
on the China question at that
time.
As now understood by top Unit-
ed States officials, his views cover
these major points:
1) He feels there is 4 vacuum
In Western policy in the Far East
because of' a lack of effective con-
tact between the Western powers
and the Red Chinese leadership.
Thus he has argued that the
Western powers will gain in the
long run from having France
move into the gap.
United States officials have ar-
gued with the French that Britain
has had diplomatic contact with
Red China from the beginning of
the Peking regime 13 years ago
and this has made no real differ-
ence in Chinese policy. But de
Gaulle's associates have answered
Aportioanent
Briefs Filedj
By The Associated Prem
Opposing briefs concerning the
constitutionality of the new state
Constitution's legislative appor-
tionment provision were filed yes-
terday before a three-judge feder-
al panel in Port Huron.
A suit brought by Michigan
AFLe-CIO President August Scholle
contends that the formula, based
80 per cent on population and 20
per cent on area is in violation of
the United States Constitution be-
cause it denies the principle of
"one man, one vote."
Meanwhile Gov. George Rom-
ney's office denied that the gov-
ernorshas put his leigslative lead-
ers to work on a plan to maintatin
existing districts this year in. the
event that the apportionment
commission fails to reach aree-
ment on a new districting plan by
its Jan. 31 deadline.
on this point that the French ac-
tion will introduce a completely
new element into Red Chinese
considerations at a critical point
in world history.
Power Conflict
2) De Gaulle sees the split be-
tween Russia and Red China as
a tremendous power conflict rath-
er than an ideological struggle
over Communist doctrine as many
Western experts ordinarily de-
scribe it. He feels it is important
for the West to have maximum
contacts with both sides in thisl
struggle, not just with the Soviet
side.
3) Under terms of the under-
standing which he has reached
with Red China for establishing
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recognition, de Gaulle believes he
may be laying a basis for a two-
China policy since the Chinese
did not lay down the condition
that recognition covered also their
claim to Formosa.
Formosa is the island base of
the Chinese Nationalist govern-
ment which is recognized and
strongly supported by the United
States. There has been consider-
able talk over the years of the
possibility that a two-China poli-
cy could open the way for recogni-
tion of the factual situation that
the Communists control the main-
land and the Nationalists control
the island. Both the Communists
and Nationalists have in the past
rejected this.
Work for Neutrality
4) Once relations are establish-
ed, de Gaulle believes it should be
possible to use French influence
in Peking to work for Red Chi-
nese acceptance and support of a
true policy of neutrality in South-
east Asia-where the East-West
conflict now centers in South Viet
Nam.
Other Western leaders, particu-
larly United States policy-makers,
sharply dispute the reliability of
any Red Chinese neutrality pledge
since the neutralization of Laos
is still in controversy and United
States officials think any partial
neutrality measures would be us-
ed by the Reds as a new spring-
board for conquest.
State Department authorities
argue that proposals to neutralize
South Viet Nam, for example,
would make no sense unless Com-
munist North Viet Nam was also
neutralized and this is considered
to be out of the question.
Bargaining Position
5) De Gaulle believes that rec-
ognition of Red China is directly
in line with' the policy of his
government for re-establishing a
position of French influence in
Southeast Asia. And he sees the
possibility that expanding trade
and other ties between France
and the Communist Chinese
mainland will provide a bargain-
ing position for this.
President
Seeks Aid
Increase
WASHINGTON-President
Lyndon B. Johnson has urged
Congress to enact a far-reaching
$540 million aid to education pro-
gram as part of his 1965 budget,
according to the Washington Post.'
Among Johnson's proposals are
more provisions to help 'college
students, with $45 million ear-
marked for loans, graduate fellow-
ships and subsidized part-time
campus jobs.
The President requested Con-
gress to approve those portions of
the Kennedy education program
not passed last year, including
grants for public schools. He also
budgeted funds to put into effect
programs for vocational education
and college construction author-
ized a few months ago.
Supplemental Appropriations
He proposed supplemental ap-
propriations to the programs at
once and full appropriations for
fiscal 1965.
The public school aid program,
to increase teachers' salaries and
build more classrooms, died in the
midst of bitter debate last year
when backers of parochial schools
insisted on also receiving aid. The
church-state issue is expected to
come up again and some observers
feel the outcome i, dim for passage
of the program.
However, Johnson has tied this
controversial program to another
request, which may fare better in
Congress. That proposal asks for
aid to states and local school dis-
tricts to cope with educational
problems in city and rural slums
as part of his "war on poverty"
program.
$540 Million Request
About $540 million is asked for
both programs. The anti-poverty
portion would finance research
and demonstration projects in
teaching slum children.
Johnson's proposed budget also
calls for $2.2 billion for the Office
of Education, $1 billion more than
this year.
Business Bosses Drive Dallas
CHARLES DE GAULLE
DEAN RUSK
HEIR APPARENT:
ShatiTksOffice
As Nehru's Assistant
By HENRY S. BRADSHER
Associated Press Staff Writer
NEW DELHI-Lal Bahadur Shastri began his duties yesterday
as deputy-and political heir apparent-to ailing Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru.
A mild-looking but toughly effective man standing 5-2, Shastri
moved into the office next door to the vacant office of the 74-year-
old prime minister.
Ranks of the ruling Congress party closed in almost unanimous
support for Shastri, who is 59. A believer in the ideological mid-
road he is widely liked by bothy
By JACK LANGGUTH
DALLAS - In his novel, "Al-
paca," H. L. Hunt, the oil man,
once outlined Utopia as glimpsed
by a Dallas multimillionaire,
In his perfect land, the author
would apportion votes on the
basis of how much tax each citi-
zen paid.
To avoid inflaming the unstable
masses, always suscpetible to de-
magogues, he would bar political
discussions from television, radio
and all meetings of more than 200
persons.
Good Men
The experiment, Hunt conclud-
ed, would produce dedicated and
prosperous men working quietly
for the good of the people.
In the author's home city, such,
an invisible government has ex-
isted since 1937. It is called the
Dallas Citizens Council.
Few of the 234 businessmen'
who make up the Citizens Coun-
cil would endorse "Alpaca," with
its negation of democracy. Yet the
group runs Dallas without an
electoral mandate and, by and
large, runs the city with the suc-
cess and selflessness Hunt de-
scribed.
Emphasis on Education
The city of Dallas has the usual
appurtenances of city government,
including a Mayor and a nine-
member City Council. But the in-
fluence of the Dallas Citizens
Council is at least as great.
"If you want to get a project.
going," one Citizens Council
spokesman said, "you'd better talk
to our board of directors."
Before the school board pre-
pares to float a new bond issue,
the board's chairman appears at
'See Passagfe
Of Measure
By The Associated Press
Working against time, the two
rival party leaders in the House
said Thursday they feel they can
get enough votes to give immed-
iate effect to a bill to set up a
new State Court of Appeals, al-
though key Senate Republicans
expressed some doubt.
If the bill is not given immed-
iate effect, the state will not get
a new appelate court system by
Jan. 1, 1965, as intended by the
new Constitution. It would nor-
mally not take effect until 90
days after adjournment, which
would delay establishment of the
court system by a full year.
Meanwhile, the first minimum
wage bill of the session, calling for
a wage hour of $1.50, was filed
'for introduction in the House by
Rep. Edward Michalski (D-De-
troit). He also introduced a bill
providing that denial of a job to
any person on account of his age
would be an unfair labor practice.
a Citizens Council meeting to seek
approval.
Because the Citizens Council
has in the last decade become
particularly impressed with the
importance of education, that ap-
proval will almost certainly be
given.
Found Lack of Authority
Little appears in the newspapers
about the workings of the Citizens
Council, although, as one of its
officials said, "Membership on our
board of directors is the first
thing that's usually mentioned in
an obituary, before the church the
man belonged to or what business
he was in." The group is not to be
confused with the segregationist
White Citizens Council common
in the South.
The Dallas Citizens Council was
formed after the centennial cele-
bration of Texas independence,
.held in Dallas in 1936. The busi-
nessmen of the city had worked
hard to raise $3.5 million for the
event, but the experience had
shown them how loosely organ-
ized their city was.
R. L. Thornton, Sr., one of the
five living founders of the Citizens
Council, explained later that the
backers of the centennial had
been slowed by the lack of au-
thority they constantly encoun-
tered. After a meeting, delegates
had to report back to their com-
panies before making financial
commitments.
'Right Away'
"We needed people," Thornton
said, "Who could say 'yes' or 'no'
right away, to determine if a pro-
ject could be done quickly and
efficiently. In fact, I wanted to
call it 'Yes-Or-No,' but I was
overruled."
Thornton served as Mayor of
Dallas for eight years and as
president of the Citizens Council
for six. The current Mayor, Earle
Cabell, is eligible for the Citizens
Council, not because of his elec-
tive post, but because he is the
president of a dairy.
In hailing the election last week
of John Stemmons as the new
president of the Citizens Council,
one newspaper laid out an agenda
of civic business for him worthy
of a mayor or of a governor.
Must Be Invited
Three rules were established for
membership in the Dallas Citizens
Council: The member must be the
chief executive officer of a busi-
ness, he must be genuinely con-
cerned with the good of the city
and he must be invited. Hunt is
not a member.
See DALLAS, Page 5
Reuther Views
Excess ProfiIS
By The Associated Press
CHICAGO-Automobile manu-
facturers can raise wages, cut
prices and still make a good profit,
Walter Reuther, president of the
United Auto Workers union, said
Thursday.
Anticipating new contract nego-
tiations this summer, Reuther
said his union wants to take its
gains out of the "greater profit-
ability" of the industry.
He said that car manufacturers
can cut prices of cars and trucks
$200 and still make an 18 per cent
profit after taxes.
G e n e r al Motors, Ford and
Chrysler spokesmen declined to
comment on Reuther's remarks,
saying they wanted to study the
text of his address.
right and left of Indian politics.
Nehru, who suffered a mild
stroke 17 days ago, took his first
public outing by motoring over
the route of India's Republic Day
parade scheduled for tomorrow.
.He was closely watched by one of
the .doctors who have forbidden
him to resume the heavy work
load he has carried for 16%'2 years
as India's first and only prime
minister.'
Nehru has told Shastri to take
over most of the work. Although
Shastri is not given the title of
deputy prime minister he now
amounts to that.
Some well-informed sources said
that from there on an intrigue
developed and intensified in the
cabinet sub-leadership. This is
how it' went.
Home Minister Gurzarilal Nanda
and Finance Minister T. T. Krish-
namachari returned to New Delhi
from Bhubaneswar and told Pres-
ident Sarvarell Radkhakrishnan
that Nehru had told them to
handle routine matters for him.
However, Nehru never gave such
instructions, and they virtually
took over.
For the last two weeks there
has been a subterranean struggle
in which Nanda sought to keep
Shastri out of the cabinet so as
to preserve his own importance.
But as early as a week ago it be-
came clear that Shastri would
move into deputy prime minister
status and Nanda had lost.
Reorganization Bill Introduced
GENERATION-
ISSU E NO. 2STI LL AVAI LABLE AT
SLATER'S
FOLLETT'S
MARSHALL'S,,"
WAH R'S
COMPLETE TEXT OF MARTIN LUTHER KING SPEECH
NEWLY TRANSLATED POEMS BY GEORGE SEFERIS
PHOTOGRAPHY ART
Stillonly35c,
)f
LANSING UP) - State govern-
ment will take on a streamlined
new look if a bill introduced this
week by Senators Gerry Brown
(R-Schoolcraft) and T h o m a s
Schweigert (R-Petoskey) becomes
law.
The bill would reorganize the
functions of about 125 state agen-
cies, commissions and offices un-
THOMAS SCHWEIGERT'
der 15 major departments.
One of these new departments
would give a "director of licensing
and regulation" authority over
the work being done by 23 separ-
ate boards and by the racing com-
missioner.
Licensing Authority
He also would have authority
over some licensing or certifica-
tion tasks now being performed by
the health commissioner, superin-
tendent of public instruction, and
Corporation and Securities Com-
mission.
Existing agencies falling under
the licensing and regulation de-
partment would "retain their im-
dependence substantially, includ-
ing quasi-legislative and quasi-
judicial functions,' the, two sena-
tors said.
The new Constitution gives the
Legislature until the end of next
year to put all executive and ad-
ministrative offices "within not
more than 20 principal depart-
ments." Failing that, the task
would fall to the governor.
Some of the agency transfers
would mean a surrender to the
major department of all powers
and functions, and the present
agency would lose its identity en-
tirely.
Other transfers would give the
major department head discretion
over what powers and duties the
existing agency, which would re-
tai its present identity, could ex-
ercise.
Director of Commerce
The bill describes a "director of
commerce" in a department reign-
ing over the present functions of
the departments of banking, aero-
nautics, and economic expansion,
and absorbing altogether the Cor-
poration and Securities Commis-
sion.
This director also would be re-
sponsible for work now being per-
formed by 11 commissions, author-
ities and councils, and would take
on some regulatory functions now
under the treasurer and secretary
of state.
The Department of State would
come in for little change, and its
chief would still be called the
secretary of state. A Department
of Law would be created, headed
by the attorney general.
Civil Rights Department.
There would be a "department
of Civil Rights" headed by the
Civil Rights Commission, but with
exactly the same powers and du-
ties the commission has now.
1
CC OMETO
C rli- JRH
~~3AB3BAT i-I
ORLD NEWS ROUNDUP:
Discuss Opening Berlin Wall,
ST. ANDREWS CHURCH and the
EPISCOPAL STUDENT
FOUNDATION
306 North Division
Phone NO 2-4097
SUNDAY-
8:00 A.M. Holy Communion.
9:00 A.M. Holy Communion and Sermon
Breakfast at Canterbury House
1 1:00 A.M. Morning Prayer and Sermon.
7:00 P.M. Evening Prayer and commentary.
TUESDAY-
9:15 A.M. Holy Communion.
WEDNESDAY-
7:00 A.M. Holy Communion.
FRIDAY-
12:10 P.M. Holy Communion.
By The Associated Press
BERLIN-Western proposals for
opening the Berlin Wall for
est Berliners were made in an
ist-West meeting yesterday, in-
rmed sources reported.
Horse Korber, a West Berlin
ficial and Erich Wendt, Com-
unist East Germany's deputy
ltural affairs minister, met in
'est Berlin. It was their third
eeting since the holiday visits of
est Berliners to East Berlin end-
. Jan. 5.
No details of the discussion were
sclosed.
ROME-Premier Aldo Moro re-
gned yesterday as secretary-gen-
al of Italy's biggest party, the
itholic Christian Democrats, to
vote himself completely to thex
emiership.
4. * *
LONDON-Atty. Gen. Robert F.
mnedy said yesterday he be-
lieves the Indonesians will respect
a newly arranged truce with Ma-
laysia despite President Sukarno's
public profession of continued hos-
tility toward the young federation.
Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku
Abdul Rahman similarly viewed
without alarm the Sukarno post-
script to Kennedy's mediation
efforts.
TARBES, France-Adm. Adol-
phe Lepotier yesterday said that
France plans to build five atomic
submarines equipped with under-
water missile launching devices.
Work has been in progress for
several years on the prototype
of an atomic submarine.
President Charles de Gaulle has
said that the atomic submarine
with Polaris type missiles will be
the second step in France's nuclear
armament program.
UNITED NATIONS-Ambassa-
dor Adlai E. Stevenson, United
States chief delegate to the
United Nations, is discouraging a
movement to get him the Demo-
cratic nomination for vice-presi-
dent, a source in his office saidj
yesterday.
Stevenson has asked the organ-
izer of a New Jersey movement to
stop, the informant said, because
he is not seeking the nomination
and finds efforts to win it for
him embarrassing. Ile twice was
nominated -for President.
. * *
NEW YORK - The New York
Stock Exchange edged to an all-
time high yesterday despite profit
taking. Trading was heavy. The
Dow-Jones average showed 30 in-
dustrials up .18, 20 rails up 1.58,
15 utilities up .12 and 65 stocks
up .65.
The other major departments
would be general services, agricul-
ture, education, health, highways,
labor, natural resources, treasury,
social services, and public safety.
Most of these would retain the
general character of existing ma-
jor agencies they would replace,
but there would be some shuffling
of work among departments to
meet the new constitution's re-
quirement for and arrangement by
function.
'1'r!
FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH
1917 Washtenaw Ave.
Rev. Erwin A. Gaede, Minister
Church School & Services - 9:30 a.m. and
11:00 a.m.
Sermon-"The Poverty of the Dream."
U-M Student Group, 7:30 p.m. Prof. Emeritus
Roy Wood Sellars on "Humanism: Religion
Without God."
Bus service available morning and evening.
Sunday Evening Forum, 8:00 p.m. Dr. Calvin
Michael, -"Growing Up in a Punitive Age."
PACKARD ROAD BAPTIST CHURCH
Meeting in the Ann Arbor Y.M.-Y.W.C.A
at 5th and Williams
Rev. Jesse Northweather, Pastor
Phone 668-9894
SUNDAY-
9:45 a.m. Sunday School.
11:00 a.m. Morning Worship.
6:30 p.m. Training Union.
7:30 p.m. Evening Worship.
BAPTIST STUDENT UNION
Meeting in Room 528D
in basement of S.A.B.
Wednesday-7:30 p.m. Devotions.
LUTHERAN STUDENT CENTER
AND CHAPEL
(National Lutheran Council)
Hill Street at South Forest Avenue
Dr. Henry O. Yoder, Pastor.
SUNDAY
9:30 and 11:00 a.m. Worship Services.
7:00 p.m. Skating Party.
Wednesday-7:30 p.m. Student led Vespers.
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
1432 Washtenaw Ave.
NO 2-4466
Ministers: Ernest T. Campbell, Malcolm
Brown, Virgil Janssen.
SUNDAY
Worship at 9:00 and 10:30 A.M. and 12 Noon.
Presbyterian Campus Center located at the
Church.
Staff: Jack Borckardt and Patricia Pickett
Stoneburner.
WESLEY FOUNDATION AND
FIRST METHODIST CHURCH
State and Huron Streets
663-5560
Minister--Hoover Rupert
Campus Minister-Eugene Ransom
Associate Campus Minister-Jean Robe
SUNDAY
Morning Worship at 9:00 and 11:15 a.m. "The
Place of Laymen in the Church," Dean
William Hubbard and Dean Allan Smith.
10:15 am.-Student Seminar, Pine Room.
7:00 p m.-Worship andl Program, "Sex on
the Campus," a discussion, Lounge.
MONDAY
7:00 p.m.-Cell Group No. 1, Gene Ron-
som's office.
TUESDAY
7:00 p.m.-Study Group. Religious Issues in
Drama. T. S. Eliot's "The Cocktail Hour."
8:30-11:00 p.m.-Open House-Jean Robe's
apartment.
WEDNESDAY
7:00 a.m.-Holy Communion, Chapel, fol-
lowed by breakfast, Pine Room.
5:10 p.m.-Holy Communion, Chapel.
6:00 p.m. - Wesley Grads: Supper, Fine
Room. Speaker, Professor Marcus Plant,
University Law School.
7:15 p.m.-Cell Group No. 2, Gene Ran-
som's office.
THURSDAY
7:00 p.m.-Class: Christian Dating, Court-
ing and Marriage, Green Room.
UNIVERSITY LUTHERAN CHAPEL
AND STUDENT CENTER
(The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod)
151 1 Washtenow Avenue
Alfred T. Schelp nPastor
John Koenig, Vicar
Sunday at 9:45 and 11:15 a.m.: Services, Ser-
mon by Vicar, "Post-Marital Christians."
Sunday at 1 1:1 5 a.m.: Bible Study.
Sunday at 6:00 p.m.: Gamma Delta Supper;
Program at 6:45, Panel Discussion with
Newman Club members.
11
,;
dl
11
RENT A TV THIS SEMESTER
= NEW 19" G.E. PORTABLES
VOICE-iL j Jifat Chaptep
of Students for a Democratic Society
THE CHURCH OF CHRIST
W. Stadium at Edgewood
Across from Ann Arbor High
John G. Makin, Minister
SUNDAY
10:00 A.M. Bible School
11:00 A.M. Regular Worship
6:00 P.M. Evening Worship
WEDNESDAY
7:30 P.M. Bible Study
Transportation furnished for all services-
i"
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Corner State and William
Dr. Fred E. Luchs, Minister
Services: 9:30 and 11:15 a.m.
Bible Forum, 10:30 a.m., Dr. Preston Slosson.
CHURCH SCHOOL: 9:30 and 11:15 a.m.
lit
I
4'