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January 16, 1964 - Image 12

Resource type:
Text
Publication:
The Michigan Daily, 1964-01-16

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TWO

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1964

THE MICHIGAN IIAILY THURSDAY. JANUARY 1~. 1fl~L

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Woytins ky
Lectureship
Established
The University has established
the W. S. Woytinsky Lectureship
Award "for the best book, article
or speech in the broad field of
economics to educate public opin-
ion or influence economic or so-
cial policy."
The award will be conferred bi-
annually and wilt-carry a prize of
$1000.
Woytinsky, who in 1908 was
exiled by the Tsarist government
to Siberia, later became a famed
economist in Berlin. He emigrated
to the United States in 1935 to
work for the federal government.
After 1947, he was associated with
the Rockefeller Foundation, Johns
Hopkins University and the Twen-
tieth Century Fund. He died in
1960.
His widow contributed the funds
to establish the lectureship en-
dowment.
To Continue Work
On Birth Defects
University research on virus in-
fections which apparently cause
some birth defects will continue in
1964 under -a new grant-in-aid
from the National Foundation-
March of Dimes. The award of
$58,348 will support further. re-
search on virus infections during
pregnancy under .the direction of
Prof. Thomas Francis Jr., chair-
man of the epidemiology depart-
ment.

CITES HISTORY:
Kirk Notes Perils
Of Centralization

ing

"where's

(Continued from Page 1)
believe the center should be the
people and, at the same time, the
circle should also be the people."
Key to Problems
Kirk noted that this viewpoint
has been the key to France's prob-
lem throughout its rocky political
history. "France has constantly
attempted to maintain a high de-
gree of individual freedom and
at the same time a strong central-
ized form of government."
Kirk pointed out examples from
ancient history where centraliza-
tion of power was the fate of
such empires as Greece and Rome.
"As these two republics expanded
from their small city-state posi-
tion into a position of world pow-
er, centralization was an inevit-
able occurence."
Causes of Centralization
Kirk listed five causes of cen-
tralization:
1) War: "There is a natural
tendency by the central govern-
ment to ignore the constitution in
utilizing its vast defense system."
2) Technological change:
"Through technological change
the nation grows closer and be-
comes more unified. For example,
states have found it necessary to
maintain a police system because
of faster communications and su-
perhighways."
.3) The popularity of a.manag-
ed economy and the welfare state:
"This was evident only a year ago

the

when President John F. Kennedy
had popular support for his stand
against the steel companies when
they attempted to raise prices."'
4) Public interest group actions:
"Educators fall into this category
when they go to Washington for
money and say they don't want
any control by the federal govern-
ment. But, in the long run,,the
central government is forced to
exercise control."
JFK Tribute
A group of faculty members
of Central Michigan University
have urged the creation of reg-
ional universities as a "fitting
memorial" to the late President
John F. Kennedy.
These institutions would be
dedicated to the significance of
due process of law, especially as
embodied in the Bill of Rights,
the professors' petition to Con-
gress stated.
Their proposal would have
the Kennedy regional universi-
ties act as a check on state con-
trol of education and would be
supervised by trustees appoint-
ed by the President.
5) Private interest group ac-
tions: "These actions include
those of government workers who
feel the more power their employ-
ers have, the more secure their,
jobs are."
Perils of Power
Kirk went on to point out the
"perils" this country would exper-
ience if such power did accumu-
late in Washington.
Centralization would add to the
confusion in the vast bureaucracy
already in Washington. "It cer-
tainly would make government no
more efficient or expedient than
it already is," Kirk quipped.
"Also, our size alone prevents us

Cavers Setb
To Deliver
Cooley Talk
Prof. David F. Cavers of Har-
vard University will deliver the
1964 Thomas M. Cooley lectures
Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday.
Each of his talks in the noted
lecture series will be given at 4:15
p.m. in Rm. 120 Hutchins Hall. On
Jan. 29 a critique panel will con-
clude the lectures.
Participating along with Prof.
Cavers will be Professors Brainerd
Currie of Duke University, Willis
L. M. Reese of Columbia Univer-
sity and Max Rheinstein of the
University of Chicago.
Prof. Cavers has been on the
law faculty at Harvard since 1945.
He was named associate dean in
1951, but resigned from that post
in 1958 to become Fessenden Pro-
fessor of Law.
Earlier, he had assisted as con-
sultant to the Food and Drug Ad-
ministration in the initial draft-
ing of the Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act of 1938.
In addition to directing Har-
vard's international legal studies
program, he conducts seminars on
the field of conflict of laws and
atomic energy regulation.
His Cooley lectures will deal
with a question that has preplexed
legal scholars since the 12th cen-
tury: if a court must adjudicate
a case arising from events involv-
ing two or more states or nations,
and the relevant rules of law in
each of the states differ in their
terms, which of the rules should
the court apply?
The Cooley lecture series was
established'in 1947 to honor one of
the first three members of the
University's Law School when it
was organized in 1859.

By JEFFREY GOODMAN d
Secretary of Labor Willard
Wirtz placed before a commence-
ment audience here the goal that
every American displaced from
a job by technology be entitled to
another one without reduction in
earnings and with full training.
Wirtz gave the keynote address
at the University's mid-year grad-
uation ceremonies in December.
He concentrated on the assassina-
tion of former President John F.
Kennedy.
Poses Problem
"We have had to face the ques-
tion of how a society that is sup-
posedly the most successful eco-
nomic experiment in history can
have four million unemployed."
Some feel that something like
a Lee Oswald assassinating the
President or unemployment is the
fault of the individual actors
alone, without any bearing on
the society around them.
Others might say that such
acts, people or conditions reflect
inherent and unchangeable char-
acteristics of the whole society.
Combines Both
To Wirtz, however, "whatever
there is of individual human fault
or failure or achievement is part
of a common responsibility."
This, Wirtz said, was the most
important lesson to be learned
from the assassination. "We also
saw the infinite .human capacity
to meet the onslaught of a seem-
ingly overbearing catastropre," got
a new measure for what was im-
portant in life and emerged with
a larger number of people, espe-
cially in Congress, insisting on
facing issues on their merits.
"But most of all we are faced

COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS:
Wirtz Scans Unemployment

with the question of how much
the human condition is influenced
by the commonwealth of man and
how much it is a matter of indi-
vidual responsibility," he said.
Unemployment Sources
Wirtz elaborated on what he
considered were the five causes of
our unemployment problem: tax-
es, inadequate education, poverty,
racial discrimination and automa-
tion.
It was in answer to the prob-
lems which these raised that he
proposes a full-employment policy
and advocated guaranteeing new
jobs at equal pay to those dis-
placed by technology and facing
unemployment.
Taxes could not be given a full
coverage in his speech, Wirtz said,
but he did have confidence that
the brakes will be taken off eco-
nomic growth, thus allowing
greater use of manpower poten-
tial.
Education Lags
Education should become this
country's number one industry, he
said. There used to be enough
unskilled jobs available to take
care of "educational failures," but
while technology is rapidly chang-
ing job needs, education has not
made commensurate progress.
Poverty, Wirtz said, is as much
a cause as an effect of unemploy-
ment, for it is the poor who father
future generations of inadequately
motivated and prepared men. Un-
employment and poverty work in
a vicious circle, being "inherited
through the social genes of slums,
inadequate education and broken
families.
"While the GNP grows at $30
billion a year, we still have 30
million Americanso living in fam-
ilies with less than a $3000 in-
come."
Little Overt Bias
Wirtz seemed confident that the
future would see very little out-
right racial discrimination in jobs
when it came to two equally qual-
ified men.
But the real problem is in the
latent discrimination patterns
that will persist and ensure that
minorities will not have an equal
opportunity to be qualified for
skilled jobs in the first place.
Wirtz noted man's long-stand-
ing ambivalence toward automa-

tion, the fifth cause of unemploy-
ment. But he said that any policy
dealing with automation would
have to start from the fact that it
is "an inexorable development and
absolutely essential to the preser-
vation and elevation of the stand-
ard of living of the United States."
Automation Unique
He tried to dispel some of the
myths about automation: that it
is no different from any other
change in man's social evolution;
that it can be stopped at any
time; that the machine gives us
back no more than we put into
it; and that machines automatic-
ally create more jobs.

1.

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q uarters"

W. WILLARD WIRTZ

ANNOUNCING:

Instead of letting
you new students
get all nervous and
excited, we thought
we'd tell you right
away so as to save
you aggravation
and unnecessary
tranquilizers.

STL

STUDENT. ART PRINT
LOAN EXHIBIT
,DENTS:
January 16-1-5 P.M.
January 17-1-5 P.M.
January 18-9 A.M.-12 Noon

ir3.-. 0 rinimirivky Y-T a y y IMT30

from ever having a centralized By STEVEN HALLER
government which would be able If you see red grass and green
to handle social measures in a tomatoes Gilbert B. Lee of the
similar manner as that used in Kresge Medical Research Build-
smaller countries such' as Den- ing's vision research laboratory

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Color Blind? Kresge Labu
Wol LieToSe You

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3rd FLOOR

S.A.B.

mark," Kirk pointed out.
Leadership Problem
"Finally, there would occur a
most important problem concern-
ing leadership. We have no class
of rulers or administrators who
would be competent enough to
undertake the responsibilities of a
centralized government.
"And surely, the office of the
President as we know it today
could never handle the tasks
which would be required by such
centralization," Kirk noted._

has a job for you.
Even if you think your color
vision is as it should be, it might
be worth while to drop by Rm.
3536 Kresge Bldg. for experi-
ments which might reveal subtle
variances in color vision you
didn't know you had.
Lee explains that the workers
at the vision research lab are
trying to locate obviously color-
blind persons who fit into certain
categories of vision, as well as in-
between types to serve as 'miss-

It's

-

at

I

Collins

I

ing links" between types already
discovered.
Deuteranomaly
If you can interchange red and
green-either by intent or mere
patient attention-you are what
Lee calls a deuteranomalous ob-
server. "There are a fair num-
ber of such people among men,
but only one in 100 among wom-
en," he explains.
If you are blind to blue hues,
you are "tritanomalous," another
important category of color-
blindness. If you see no color at
all, you are a "monochromat." Lee
and his associates have special
experiments to obtain necessary
data about all forms of color-
blindness. Each test runs about
three hours.
Among the tests devised by the
Kresge workers is one to find
sharply defined limits for the nor-
mal luminosity curve. Lee explains
that in this experiment, a person
is shown a spectrum which re-
sults from shining ordinary light
through a prism.
A given spot of light from this
spectrum is shown along with a
spot of a different color, and the
person tries to adjust one spot
until it is equally bright as the
other. "Even though the two spots
are not the same color, they can
be matched in brightness," Lee
notes.
Luminosity Data
From values obtained from this
data about how much energy
must be expended to make one
light spot as bright as the other,
a luminosity curve can be de-
vised.
Deuteranomalous persons are
given a mixture of red and green
light and asked to tell which
color predominates in the mix-
ture. Or they may be called upon
to mix red and green until the
result appears yellow to the re-
searcher and then asked to de-
scribe the color they have pro-
duced.
Interested persons undergo a
screening period lasting about
half an hour. Those who show
color vision 'defects worth pursu-
ing further and who wish to un-
dergo experiments are paid for
their time.

efforts to guide technological ad-
vances in ways which Americans
desire ; the individual against the
machine is no longer a fair
match, he said.
In briefly mentioning the long-
range societal goal of a new job
for every man displaced by auto-
mation, Wirtz noted that the ob-
stacles were great. Such a policy
would require sharp revisions of
managerial policy and union atti-
tudes, a different approach to
collective bargaining, enlightened
efforts in vocational and higher
education and an enlarged public
training program.

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ART EXHIBITION--This painting by George Ortman entitled
"Portrait" is part of the art exhibition appearing in Alumni
Memorial Hall, which demonstrates the diverse streams of
modern art practiced by many young modern artists.
'' Memorial Hall Features
Contemporary Art Disla YT.Y

7

it.

An exhibition, "Contemporary,
American Paintings for Purchase
Considerations; 'The New Formal-
ists'", which features 24 paintings
by eight artists Presently showing
in the west gallery of Alumni
Memorial Hall.
The exhibition, which will con-
tinue through Feb. 9, is the fifth
showing in a series of contempor-
ary art, and the works have been
selected by the museum staff and
art faculty members.
Prof. Robert Iglehart, chairman1
of the art department, noted thatl
the selection brings to the atten-
tion of the University community
"examples of serious current work
--including that of younger men,
not well represented in publica-]
tions or museum collections."
He added that these exhibitions

also provide an opportunity for
purchase consideration by the art
museum and its faculty advisors.
The paintings were selected by
Prof. Milton Cohen of the, art de-
partment.
The artists represented include
Jerry Okimoto, Alexander Liber-
man, Conrad Marca-Relli, Ken-
neth .Noland, Oli Sihvonen, Leon
Polk Smith, Richard Anuszkie-
wicz and George Ortman.
Prof. Iglehart said that the con-
temporary scene and its richness
have yielded artists that share no
single direction.
"There are, at any moment, a
number of 'movements,' and these
are likely to be identified and
labeled by critics and galleries
rather than the artists them-
selves."

I,

Wide Variety of Tours
planned for students only
SORBONNE STUDY TOUR
70 days, $1388
including England, Holland, Belgium,
France, Spain, Portugal
DISCOVERY ADVENTURE
TOUR OF EUROPE
76 days, $1295

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NEWMAN CENTER
331 Thompson

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