dSeventy-First Yea?
_ EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNiVERsrTY OF MICHIGAN
m Opinions Are Free UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
ruth Will Prevsil"
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone No 2-3241
itorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.}
ESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1960 NIGHT EDITOR: ANDREW HAWLEY
Legislation of Atmosphere:
A HelpTo'Segregation?
OU CAN'T LEGISLATE attitudes and you
can't legislate morality" is the defensive
frain that sing forth from those who oppose
y form of legislation that might help elimi-
ite discrimination and bias.
What these people ofter forget is that legis-
bion is not always employed as a direct in-
rument to achieve a desired end. It is often
way of creating an atmosphere in which that
i is possible and through which it may be
couraged.
Such "legislation" has come out of the
card of Governors of the University's Resi-
nce Halls. The Board has taken two decisive
;tions in an attempt to provide a "cosmopoli-
Ln community" within the dormitories and
adrangles that is free of petty racial and
4igious bias.
'HREE YEARS AGO, the board abolished
a practice that required each prospective
sident to file a photograph of himself with
s application for a room. This policy was
en to cries of discrimination when Negro
d Oriental students found roommates of
nilar races where they had requested some-
e with a different background and of a
ssimilar culture.
The University still asks for a student's
iotograph, but it is used far a house "bulletin
ard" and similar functions. They are not
nt in until the actual room contract has
yen signed. At this point, a student's room-
ate has already been picked, or so the
sidence hall authorities would have you think.
JONDAY THE BOARD moved another step
ahead by issuing a formal statement of the
iversity's desire for residence halls repre-
rting "most aspects of the highly divergent
ident body."
The policy further declares that the Univer-
y matches people as roommates with regard
ly to a set of "congenial living habits." These
e practices in regard to smoking, leaving the
ndow open at night, and similar rites. Such
teria are used because the staff counselors
l them necessary to ensure a harmonious
Justment to the University.
While this statement is another implemen-
tion of the Regents' Bylaw on discrimination,
e problem of prejudice in roommate selection
Al exists on two major fronts.
ELF-PREJUDICAL SELECTION still exists.
Many freshmen choose their roommates
fore they register at the University. They
ect friends who have gone to school with
.them and have shared the experiences of a
common neighborhood, race, or religion.
This often results in a series of two man
"cells" within a dormitory or quadrangle. The
other residents see them as a unit, displaying
the same attitudes and personality limitations
in double quantity. For an individual "cell
member," his roommate is but a mirror of his
background, his traits, and his thoughts. In
an university which boasts proudly of a diver-
sified student group. Dean Bacon condemns
such a practice as "one of the worst things
a freshman can do."
Yet the University still permits such a policy
to stand. There are legitimate arguments for
letting it continue. Why shouldn't a student be
able to live with his friend and have an
enjoyable experience within the residence hall?
Isn't it easier, to adjust to the University as
a freshman if you room with someone you
know and cut down on the number of con-
flicts you will face?
H E RESOLUTION OF THESE conflicting
points would take a long time and would
involve Mr. Rosemergy's definition of the two
sets of discrimination practices. The real point
of discusion here, however, is the discrimination
which still emanates from the University in its
practices of roommate selection.
Admission and rooming application asks for
student interests and past activities. Many
students list membership in groups which re-
veal their race, color, or religion. These facts
could be used to "pair off" roommates by the
very criteria Regents Bylaw 2.14 is trying
to fight.
IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO make a direct accusa-
tion of discrimination by the University or
its Residence Halls directors, but there are
many students who complain about being
matched with a Jew if they are Jewish or a
Negro if they are Negro. There are quite a
few instances in which a student has asked
for a roommate of a different race or religion
and of a background contrasting with his own
who has arrived in Ann Arbor with bitter
feelings because his roommate might well have
been his neighbor at home, for all outward
appearance of dress, color, and name would
indicate,
The Board could move even farther ahead
if they expressly asked students not to indicate
in any way what type of racial or religious
background they have had. Such a practice is
as necessary on the admissions application as
on the rooming application.
-MICHAEL OLIICIK
"We're Almost Ready To Take Off Again"
~p*
s Is
F1\
~-
GREAT INSTITUTIONS are not
invulnerable. When The New
York Times is unfairly attacked,
the public-including a large sec-
tion of the press--assumes that
the world's greatest newspaper is
well able to defend itself._ But. if,
the Times is unable to extricate it-
self from the trap sprung upon it
in Montgomery, Alabama, other
publications may sooner or later
find themselves similarly caught.
Consider the facts. The Times
printed an ad appealing for funds
to aid the defense of the Rev.,
Martin Luther King, Jr., who, at
the time, was preparing his de-
fense to a charge of non-payment.
of state taxes (he was subsequent-
ly acquitted). The ad came to
the Times from a reputable ad-
vertising agency. It was sponsor-
ed by a committee which num-
bered among its endorsers Dr.
Ralph Bunche, Mrs. Eleanor Roos-,
evelt, Dr. Harry Emerson Fos-
dick, Norman Thomas and A.
Philip Randolph. The text of the
ad, the accuracy of which The
Times had no reason to question,
proved ultimately to have con-
tained a single misstatement: the
dining hall of Alabama Stata Col-
lege for Negroes in Montgomery
had not been padlocked as a re-
sult of student demonstrations, as
the ad charged. L. B. Sullivan, a
local police commissioner who was
not mentioned in the ad, elected
to regard the misstatement as a
reflection on his reputation as a
public official. He sued the Times,
and certain other defendants, for
$500,000 damages, which an all-
white jury has just awarded him.
It is conceded that the commis-
sioner had not been damaged,
i.e., that his reputation had not
been impaired. It is also clear
that the purpose. of the action
was to punish the Times and not
to redress an injury. "Newspapers
have got to tell the truth," the
commissioner's counsel argued to
the jury. "One way to get. their
attention and the attention of
everybody else who publishes a
newspaper is to hit them in the
pocketbook."
THE MONTGOMERY formula
is so simple and effective that
it is certain to be applied else-
where. It has always been possi-
ble for a community to apply mur-.
derous pressures to a local publi-
cation, but it has not been so easy
to bring the "outside" publica-
tion to heel. Now this loophole
has been closed. For example,
should a community in any of
the fifty states feel aggrieved at
some uncompliperary reference
to its mores in a "foreign" publi-
cation, it could always find some
local official willing to bring an
action for damages. Where local
prejudice is strong, the results of
such an action are likely to be
foreordained; after all, the pur-
pose is not to compensate the
plaintiff, but to punish the inter-
loper. r
So far, the press has been in no
hurry to spring en masse to the
defense of the Times. Yet just as
Commissioner Sullivan is not the
real plaintiff in Montgomery, so
the Times is not the real defend-
ant; the unnamed 'defendant Js
the press itself, in all sections of
the country, South as well as
North. A dangerous precedent is
in the making.
-THE NATION
Blackjackii
rt
J C
All Are Vulnerable
,.
.p
t z
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:
Students Affirm
I
Wayne Speaker Policy
To the Editor:
AN OPEN LETTER TO BOARD
OF GOVERNORS OF WAYNE
STATE UNIVERSITY, Dec. 13,
1960.
We. the undersigned students
(or faculty) at the University of
Michigan, concerned for the pre-
servation of American traditions
of academic freedom and opposed
to the confusion tactics of Com-
munist influence which has been
known to operate for its advant-
age on either side of a controversy,
hereby affirm our support of and
urge continuation of the Wayne
State University policy regarding
outside speakers. We recognize the
thought which has been involved
in careful determination of the
present policy, so that free inter-
change of opinion may take place
without the possibility of propa-
gandization, and urge the main-
tenance of this policy against all
irresponsible pressures for Its
change, including that of legisla-.
tive appropriations.
(signed)
-Steve Osborn,'6 t&D
Judith Tunnicliffe '63A&D
Sulvia Berliner, '63
Richard James, '63
Simon Katzenellenbogen, '63
Marilyn Cleveland, 'lEd.
John Thornburgh Jr., '62
Ronald Tesarik, Grad., BAd.
Linda Smalley, '64
Joey Rodger, '62
Dave Dorsey, '62
Chris Christenson, '61
Jane Grabois, '62
Robert T. Heath, '63
J. Edgar Edwards, Campus
liMinister
Caroline Dow, '63
Jean Hartwig, '61
Fran Cohen, '63
Martin Lipp, '62
Countersugestion..
To the Editor:
WONDER IF Miss Newman
really understands the intensity
of the situation as she seems to
imply.
The results which you and I,
Miss Newman, should be looking
for are the same. We both want
peace. The policy over the last
fourteen years has sought this
same goal. However, are we yet
to remain the defensive pugilist
who would soon be doomed by the
ever constant offensive blows of
the opponent. Why Sen. Gold-
water feels there must be a change
results from the administration's
losing sight of the objective.
There will be no peace for our
America or the world until vic-
tory over communism has been
achieved. When an ideology is out
to destroy the freedom we all
enjoy in the United States, then
we should realize we cannot have
peace through appeasement or
surender.
-Jon Lawniczak, '61
Experience ..
To the Editor:
]piE current program on campus
headed by the Americans Com-
mitted to World Responsibility and
aimed at "aiding underdeveloped
countries through student Peace
Corps" has struck some of us as
not only naive in its conception
but potentially harmful in its ca-
pacity to be used as a messianical-
OlM OTHER CAMPUSES:
Harvard's Peace Corps Plan
INCE PRESIDENT-ELECT Kennedy's "Peace
Corps" speech on November 2, the idea of
S. youth service abroad has caught the
agination of students frotn coast to coast,
d drawn the close attention of men in found-
on offices and university halls. Although
e press has given the proposal scant notice,
idents are remarkably aroused and over-
lelmingly enthusiastic. In and out of govern-
nt, idea men are doing studies. And the
ofessional benefactors of good causes are
eping in close touch.
As Kennedy's staff studies the "Peace Corps"
more detail, a number of private groups
e taking initiatives. On November 11-12, a
iference at Princeton set up a steering com-
ttee to find out how college graduates can
ist underdeveloped countries, and to pre-
re a detailed prospectus for a pilot project.
on afterward, Harvard students organized
;roup to sponsor research and public discus-
n on the matter.
HE U.S. HAS HAD little experience to go on.
Some foundations and service committees
ve sent groups to underdeveloped countries.
st summer, for example, Crossroads Africa
lt community centers. This' is one sort of
rk. But perhaps U.S. college graduates can be
re useful doing a job less manual-teaching
ondary school.
When the "Peace Corps" is brought up, some
dents, usually late at night, talk airly of
ging ditches, building dams, clearing forest.
the morning light, it becomes clear that
nd U.S. graduates for unskilled labor' is
fficient, and in many cases, inappropriate.
uth service abroad is better suited for jobs
ere U.S. knowledge and training can help
icate citizens of the underdeveloped coun-
long with these two questions-who can best
nch pilot projects fast, and what needs such
jects will wulfill-goes a third: how should
ing men in the pilot projects be trained? Be-
e a Harvard garduate could teach school in
eria, for example, he would need to know
>it about international relations, about hip
n cultural and political background, and-of
icial importance-about Nigeria.
Tr NAIrP~ rr-r RVnhemm r ractinn tn..r
Bramson (Instructor in Social Relations), Don-
ald Eberley (Assistant Director of the Inter-
national Student Office), and Paul Sigmund
(Instructor in G9vernment)--have just com-
pleted a report which is sure to attract the
attention of the Administration, and of the
Harvard Corporation.
This informal drafting committed proposes
that Harvard itself sponsor a pilot project that
will begin operation next term (spring, 1961).
Twelve seniors would be chosen for service as
secondary-school teachers, probably in Nigeria.
The twelve would attend preliminary orienta-
tion sessions in the late spring, then an inten-
sive seminar all summer here in Cambridge,
Then, after brief further orientation in Nigeria
itself, the group would go to its jobs-teaching
English, science and possibly history.
W HILE 'ANSWERING a broadly felt need,
this proposal for a Harvard pilot project
to Nigeria raises two immediate questions: Why
Should Harvard take the initiative? And why
should Nigeria be the country chosen?
In answer to the first, the drafting commit-
tee points out that."in the process of consider-
ing youth corps proposals, members of Con-
gress will no doubt be interested in precedents
for such a program.",
N ANSWER TO the second question-Why
Nigeria?-the committee offers a cluster of
answers: (1) relations between Harvard and
Nigerian educational and governmental institu-
tions have elready been establised; (2) Ni-
gerian officials have already indicated that they
would welcome the aid of trained American
college students who could teach English, sci-
ence and possibly other subjects in secondary
schoole: (3) Harvard has several faculty mem-
bers who are familiar with Nigerian problems,
including one who lived and taught there for
three years,
AT 'THEiR JOBS in Nigeria, U.S. graduates
would have to answer-candidly and yet
advantageously-the usual round of "embarass-
ing questions." For example, "What sort of
country is, it that keeps Negroes segregated
in Little Rock and New Orleans and then sends
us teachers in Nigeria?"
ly concealed weapon for cultural
imperialism by our government.
To be congratulated are those who
have proposed study programs and
the seeking of advice from persons
experienced in foreign affairs. The
opinions of the latter at the con-
ferences last weekend, such as
those of Rep.-elect Bursley, Dr.
Gonbery, Dr. Schorger and Dr.
Service, to name a few, has thrown
serious doubts on the value and
effectiveness for any purpose of
unspecialized American college
students in foreign countries.
Several of their points include:
1) The mistakes of Western Colo-
nialism, with which, like it or not,
we are associated, have been ex-
cessive and quite frankly, the
sentiments of the new national-
isms do not include foreigners, not
even well intentioned American
students. 2) Exactly what jobs
could American students, with sev-
eral months language training,
perform that the native peoples
could not, except at a very highly
technical level which is already
best handled through an institu-
tion that has been functioning in
this capacity for many years, the
United Nations. Most countries
have an excess number of manual
laborers and college rgaduates.
Providing competition is not the
best way to win friends for the
U.S.
3) THERE IS a misconception
by Americans as to the awareness
and sophistication of the recipient
countries regarding these prob-
lems. An example is the UAR
where the Nasser government im-
plemented a law requiing all col-
lege grads to serve for 2 years in
the countryside (in addition to the
draft). 1400 young teachers re-
sponded to a Castro request for
volunteers to teach in villages. Part
of the slow rate of social reform
in "underdeveloped countries" is
due to financial problems and the
existence of status quo govern-
ments, many of which the U.S. has
supported. 4) Other important fac-
tors mentioned were: the care,
protection and feeding of the
"helpers." What a sad state if
they should need the help of the
natives after a month or so, due
to disease, different diet, habits,
laws etc. 5) What is the purpose of
such a program? Is it economic
aid, good will missions, or the en-
lightenment of American students?
Would not the first be better ac-
complished through economic poli-
cies and experts? Wouldn't the
latter two aims be simultaneously
better served through expanded
student exchanges and youth fes-
tivals which would avoid the afore-
mentioned problems?
4 * *1
IN CONTRAST to these wise
and experienced views came the
surprising statements by Dr. Sam-
uel Hayes on Friday night, Dec.
9th that we don't have time to wait
for answers to these questions, in
effect to decide what in fact we
are, We were told that we must
press Congress for money before
deciding. The undersigned would
like to understand the reason for
this rush.. If it has something to
do with Congress's 1st session in
a. month, then we think there is
even more reason to hesitate and
discover the real nurnosa nnd vrl-
be a great achievement. Tell me
then, why do you go about it with
the methods of the 12th century?
Why do you follow as your exam-
ple those who rode out from their
stone castles on long crusades?
Why do you follow those who
marched out to battle on big white
horses with Christian banners fly-
ing in the wind? Why do you copy
those who marched forth to force
their beliefs on others, to free the
'Holy Land' from any one who be-
lieved differently from themselves?
Why do you insist on using force,
even troops and tanks, to force
'brotherhood,' 'equality,' 'integra-
tion' down the throats of those
who resist? Why do you believe in
giving them 'democracy,' 'equality'
NOW, in your way, or destroying
them?
. *
MODERN Christians have got-
ten smarter than those of the
Dark Ages and earlier. Rather than
march forth with sword and shield
to convert or kill, they send out
missionaries with the Bible, with
understanding and love to educate
and win them to God. Couldn't
you use the same principles in the
south (or even here in the north)?
Why couldn't you use a program of
education to bring about integra-
tion? The people of the south are
not unreceptive on the subject, In-
tegration was begun in many
southern states successfully with-
out trouble years before that in-
famous May of 1954. The majority
of southerners are not against in-
tegration (I'm not so sure of north.
erners . . . Just look around out-
side Ann Arbor .'. . and even
inside!..
Come out of your 'Ivory Tower,'
not on a crusade but on a mission.
Try to achieve true integration
(understanding, cooperation be-
tween races), not just desegrega-
tion as you are now. The 'Chris-
tian armies' of the past may have
gotten 'token Christianity' or lip-
service, but they won few to God
through force .,. And you ike-:
wise are doing little to create un-
derstanding and unity in America
You are doing little to encourage
true integration, racial brother-
hood and equality,
-H. Griffith
Holiday Cheer?
To the Editor:
E SIGNS SAY "for the man
who has everything" and are
draped with tinsel and' artificial
snow. The greeting cards (the rare
serious ones, at least) say "peace
on Earth; good will toward men."'
Friends smile and say"Merry
Christmas" as they hurry en route
to the train or plane. Supposedly
everybody is happy. If not a fifth
of "Christmas cheer" in a "stun-
ning decanter" will solve that,
advertisements infer.
But did you ever try to collect
names for a large Christmas card
for little girls a long way from
the truth seeking atmosphere of
Ann Arbor? You wonder where the
holiday spirit evaporates. You
begin to doubt the supposition that
you are in a university which is
noted for its cosmopolitan, 'ac-
cepting and objective atmosphere.
You wonder about the sociology
Why do people hesitate to put
their name on a large list of names
which represent a positive token
of concern for those people who
happen to have a dark skin?. One
reason, of course, is the cancerous
lingerings of the McCarthy days.
Another is the feeling of "why
bother?" Another is the degenerate
disease of prejudice. Perhaps it
is my fault personally for passers
by not signing. Maybe I didn't
communicate clearly. Perhaps
people don't trust a man with a
beard.
In any case, when the churches
and homes ring with the songs
of Christmas, with the spirit of
happiness and "glad tidings," I
hope that some will reflect upon
their good fortunes and want to
share it with a few others who
chanced to be a little darker than
they and have heard the swear
words of housewives and seen the
twisted faces taut "with a disease
called prejudice.
-David Giltrow, '61Ed.
Uninformative .
To the Editor-
AFTER READING Mike Gill-
man's column, "Man in Mo-
tion," I experienced mixed feel-
ings of disgust and disappoint-
ment. Like the person who
prompted the writing of his ar-
ticle, I too experienced my first
hockey game last Saturday night
and consequently was not famil-
iar with the technical terms of
the game. Iowever,, this created
in me a desire to learn more about
the game when I saw the article
entitled "Semantics," I fully anti-
cipated an opportunity to increase
my rather meager knowledge of
the sport.
WHAT FOLLOWED, instead of
an instructive, interesting dis-
course as the title' implied, was
a series of ludicrous "definitions"
which were sorrowfully meant to
be witty but were of such a petty
nature they would hav~e been re-
jected by the most sophomoric
humor magazines.
The article was not only an
insult to the reading public, but
also definitely in bad taste and
most assuredly unbecoming to a
paper of the "Daily's" usual cali-
bre'
-Donn Conner, 161E
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
The Daily Offlctal Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Building,
before 2 p.m. two days preceding
publication.
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14
General Notices
President and Mrs. Hatcher will hold
open house for students at their home
Wed., Dec. 14 from 4 to 6 p.m.
The student automobile regulations
will be lifted for Christmas vacation
from 5:00 p.m. Friday, Dec. 16th, to
8:00 a.n. on Tues., Jan. 3, 1961. Office
of the Dean of Men,
Second Semester Registration Notice:
All students who are interested in
assisting with second semester reg s-
tration Feb. 3 - 6. 1961, must fill out
a student registration help application.
These appleiations must be obtained
from the receptionist in room 1020
Administration Building, 8:00 a.m, to
5:00 p.m. Tues, and Wed., Dec. 13 and
14. All applications must be returned
to room 1020 by 5:00 p.m. Wed., Decem-
ber 14.
Late applications will not be accepted
under any circumstances.
Women students who do not have
a housing commitment for the spring
semester may apply now at the Office
of the Dean of Women, 1011 SAB, for
residence hall or supplementary hou-
ring.
There will be a few vacancies in the
Martha Cook Bldg. for the second
Student Recital: Alexander Ryan, or-
ganist, will present a recital at 8:30
p.m., In IHill Auditorium In partial ful-
fillment of the requirements for the
degree Doctor of Musical Arts. He is
the student of Prof. Marily-n Ma-,
son BrtownHe will play compositions
by Bach, Honegger, Vierne, and Reubke.
Open to the public.
Botanical Seminar: Dr. Rowland Davis,
Department of Botany, will speak on
"The Action of Certain Gene Modifiers
on Mutants of Neurospora and Bac-
teria," Wed, Dec. 14 at 4:15 p.m., 1139
NS. Refreshments will be served at 4
p~m.
"Face of Red China", a film story of
communist China in 1958, will be shown
on Wed.., Dec. 15 at 4:10 p.m. in And.
B Angell Hall,
Doctoral Examination for George Zo-
grafi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry; thesis
"Adsorption of Certified Dyes by
Starch" Wed., Dec. 14, 3002 Pharm. Re-
search Bldg., at 1:30 p.m., Chairman, A.
M. Mattocks.
Events Thursday
Doctoral Examination for Donald
Roger Browne, Speech: thesis: "The
History and Programming Policies of
Rias: Radio in the American Sector
of Berlin. ," Thursday, Dec. 15, 2020
Frieze Bldg., at 3:00 p.m. Edward Stash-
eff. Chairman.
M. 301. Analysis Seminar: The topic
is "The Tchebycheff Problem in Ap-
proximate Integration." Meeting is in
246 West Engineering, Thursday, De-
cember 15 at 2:00 p.m.
Illogical. .
To the Editor:
IT SEEMS TO US that many
highly illogical meanings have
been made known to the public
regarding the fraternity and sor-
ority bias - clause controversy.
Among the most infamous of these
undoubtedly belongs the opinions
expressed by Dean of Women Deb-
orah Bacon (a well-known figure
to Daily readers).
The absudity of these opinions
is that they claim to protect the
freedom of the Greek system; arnd
yet they are the ones to restrict
this same freedom by advocating
the maintenance of bias clauses.
These clauses regulate the re-
quirements for admission. Thus the
nnnn'+fiaA n1~i~wyn '.m n'.mn4. . .-
I