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Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXI, No. 3
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1960
FIVE CENTS
EIGHT PAC
I
Congo Army Leader
Asks UN To Leave
Mobuto Demands United Nations
:Remove Forces of Ghana, Guinea
LEOPOLDVILLE, The Congo (P)-Col. Joseph Mobutu, Congo
Army strongman, said last night he has demanded removal of United
Nations troops of Ghana and Guinea from the Congo.
He accused the troops of the two African countries of meddling
in Cogo internal affairs.
The British-officered Ghana troops had been regarded as among
the best disciplined in the UN fores. The Guinea troops, from a
former French colony now playing along with the Soviet Union, had'
been considered less staple members of the UN setup.
A predecessor of Mobutu in power, Patrice Lumumba, several
times asked for removal of non-African troops, especially the Swedish
- =
U.S.-oviet
Similarities
Observed
X
KENNETH BOULDING
-.. On Russia
By MICHAEL BURNS
Prof. Kenneth Boulding of the
e onmis department who was
American graduate students at-
tending a ningrad seminar on
peacefu coexistence, s'aid that the
Soviet students differ from the
Americans "not so much in as-
pirations as in methods."
This difference was one which
the United States members had
to understand in order for the
program to work successfully.
And as the meeting progressed,
the Russians became less rigid in
their outlook.
Th Uieriyrfeso foud
the Soviet students mnore ideologi-
cal than the American members.
But the Russians exhibited a fun-
damental modification of ta-
ditional Marxist view in their co-
operative attitudes, which he sai
showed a sincere at empt a
peaceful coexistence and disarma-
moituent. ifr fo h
Tethree week August semi-
~nar was arranged by a contract
Service Committ and th n s-
sian Committee of Youth Organi-
zations, an organ of the Konso-
iol, under a cultural exclhange
Utrety T elve ntudents fo te
tUnited States nder aneqadm
ber from the Soviet Union lus
16sothe students from both the
East and West. Plans call for
the United States to host a sim-
iar conference next year.
At first, Prof. Boulding explain-
ed, the situation was "pretty much
a cold war," but through living
together and discussion, both
groups eventually made real at-
tempts at communication with
each other.
Simultaneous translations vir-
tually eliminated linguistic diffi-
culties, but several topics created
Te Soviets were tou y a ot
the China problem and the Amer-
icans hesitated to talk about the
U-2 incident, so both matters
were tactfully dropped from the
conversation.
Arrest Three
hi Dish- Theft
City police arrested Brad Myers,
'61 former University football
halfback, Gerald Kolb, '62, varsity
hockey player under an athletic
scholarship, and Richard A. Buck,
'61, early yesterday morning for
allegedly stealing dishes from the
kitchen of the V.F.W. Hall at
314 E. Liberty St.
The trio, described by arresting
fiaan n. '* ^xr atrh . ir-tiirtnl
countrymen of Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold who were the
first UN force to enter secessionist
Katanga province.
Mobutu gave no explanation of
the charged interference, but it
is believed that the Guinea diplo-
matic mission, aided by Guinean
troops, hid deposed Premier Lum-
umba for two nights while Congo-
lese army troops sought to arrest
him.
Support Lumumba
The Guinea mission has sup-
ported Lumumba from the start of
the Congo's political struggle and
at one point threatened to with-
draw its troops from the UN Con-
go command.
Ghana troops have been guard-
ing' Lumumba in his official resi-
dence since he came out of hiding
last weekend and have frustrated
Mobutu in his efforts to take the
former premier into custody.
Charges Plot
A factional spokesman charged
at a news conference earlier that
Ghana and Guinea were involved
in a plot to restore Lumumba to
power. Edouard Mavindi, a spokes-
man for Albert Kalonji, leader of
the so-called mineral state in Kas-
sai province, demanded that UN
troops and the missions of the two
countries be expelled from the
Congo.
Mobutu said President Joseph
Kasavubu did not sign the letter
troops from Ghana and Guinea.
asking for the withdrawal of
troops from Ghana and Guinea.
He said Kasavubu has been "neu-
tralized and thus could not sign."
When the army chief of staff
seized control last week he an-
nounced he was neutralizing the
nation's politicians.
Mobutu said the problem of
Ghana and Guinea is one between
him and the two countries, not
between hin and the United Na-
tions.
He said his relations with the
United Nations have been excel-
lent. ..
SGC Votes
New Policy
On Petitions
By PHILIP SHERMAN
Student Government Council
last night adopted rules for its
Fall election, scheduled for Nov.
8 and 9.
The Council also named Jean
Hartwig, '61, and Walter Faggatt,
Grad., to the Committee on Refer-
ral.
The Council made several
changes in the draft election rules.
These were presented by Richard
G'Sell, '62, chairman of the coun-
cil's elections committee.;
Prospective candidates must;
submit petitions containing sig-
natures of 250 registered students.
This includes incumbents. The
Council turned down the commit-
tee proposal that each candidate's
signatures had to appear on only
his own petition. Duplicates would
have been disqualified, necessitat-
ing new names on the petitions.
Rejects Proposals
The Council rejected a proposal
by William Warnock, '61, BAd.,
that no signatures be required.
Warnock argued they are only a
bother, for most candidates can
collect enough within their resi-
dence units, and need not cir-
culate them around the campus.
Later the Council partially an-
swered this, in the members' view,
by raising the required number
of signatures from 100, the com-
mitte proposal, to 250.
Daily editor Thomas Hayden,
'61, supported petitions as a means
to gain acceptance and publicity
for the Council among the student
body. However, he rejected the
pro-petition argument that peti-
tions help to create a political
base for candidates.
Discourages Candidates
Roger Seasonwein, '61, charged
that petitions tend to discourage
candidates. He added that the
election is a more suitable test
for a candidate than mere collec-
tion of names.
Hayden thought arguments that
petition circulation would not have
any public relations effect on the
campus "implies that anything we
do when we run is futile ... " un-
less there is inappropriate sen-
sationalism.
The Council set a $25 limit on
campaign expenditures, but re-
jected a committee proposal to
repay winning candidates two-
thirds of their expenses.
Hayden Speaks
Hayden asked that all candi-
dates be given the rebate, but was
voted down. Seasonwein then
asked total deletion of the clause
from the rules, as "the body is
against giving out ante."
ACADEMIC LAZINESS:
Scholars' Growing Role Cited
<4'. -..
HAROLD TAYLOR
.CHALLENGE speaker
TalrHere
For Speech
On Freedom,
By RUTH EVENHUIS
Harold Taylor, President Emeri-
tus of Sarah Lawrence College,
will speak at 8:00 p.m. today in
Rackham Aud. at the first CHAL-
LENGE session.
His topic, under the CHAL-
LENGE general subject "The
Challenge of American Civil Liber-
ties," is "Freedom in America."
His speech will include discus-
sion of freedom of expression in
the United States, particularly
as it was affected by the .Mc-
Carthy period, the problem of the
American Negro, and in general,
a summing up of the forces at
work in the U.S. which Inhibit the
freedom of individual citizens.
Taylor will also comment on
the rote of students in acting on
political and social issues.
Appointed to the Presidency of
Sarah Lawrence at the age of
30, Taylor served for 19 years
before retiring in 1959 to teach
and write.
An editor and teacher of philos-
ophy, he is the author of more
than 200 articles in books and
journals of philosophy and edu-
cation. His major work to date is
entitled "On Education and Free-
dom."
Coupling an interest in experi-
mental education with social acs
tion, Taylor fought for academic
freedom during the McCarthy
period and has been active in
combatting racial and religious
intolerance.
Last year, under a special grant
from the Ford Foundation, he
conferred with leaders in Asia
and Russia o nthe problems of
the Asian countries. Since his re-
turn, Taylor has been lecturing at
colleges and universities and writ-
ing a book on liberalism and mod-
ern education.
By ANDREW HAWLEY
Academic freedom as it exists
in the United States and most
Western European countries is
something of basic importance,
affecting the very character of
civilization, but is sometimes used
as a cloak by professors to cover
up laziness-a reluctance to deal
with new ideas, and an excuse
for holding opinions .they have
not worked for and cannot justi-
fy, Luther Evans, former director-
general of UNESCO, said last
night.
Evans spoke to the graduate
school Convocation on "Some Re-
flections of a Graduate Student,"
and touched on several difficul-,
ties and responsibilities which he
considered important to the field
of graduate work and vital to the
well being of civilization.
"If I were a university president
I would get in hot water very
soon," he said, "because I would
tell some of the professors to get
to work and to test their ideas
against the work of great men in
the field."
Narrow Base
"To me, after being abroad for
so many years and visiting politi-
cians in 75 countries, it is fright-
ening to see how narrow a total
cultural base we have at the base
of knowledge in this country," he
went on.
He called for a broader per-
President, Khrushchev Prepar
For United Nations Addresse
1
the social sciences as exemplary
of an area in which "a good deal
is going on that can have great
importance, but they are neglect-
ed in research by governmental
and private foundations. "Too
much research is aimed at the
production of hardware," he said.
He also alluded to the import-
ance of knowing at least one for-
eign language, in order to under-
stand our own culture, and throw
light on our language and the way
it fits the world pattern of lan-
guages. "Americans generally
don't know as well as foreigners
the great literature in their own'
field," he added.
Asks Understanding
Evans emphasized the urgency
for understanding how culture is
transmitted and changed - what
kinds of happenings in the cul-
tural setting will destroy culture
or throw it into degeneration.
"This is going on on a tremen-
dous scale now," he said. "Farm-
ing communities, particularly in
backward countries, where the
industrial revolution is making a
fast, hard impact on the exist-
ing culture, are undergoing great
pain and hardship."
"How can we prevent disrup-
tion in tribal cultures, as is hap-
pening now in Africa? When we
cause people to lose their tradi-
tional framework, the structure
See EVANS, Page 2
LUTHER EVANS
- academic freedom
spective in weighing evidence,
pointing out that it . often looks
different with respect to the back-
ground of a Hindu or Moslem cul-
ture, for instance.
Our economists cannot explain
economic phenomena in the Far
East, because men there react
and think so differently, he said.
"The major premises controlling
our thinking are often wrong."
Relating these general consid-
erations to the field of academic
and other research, he turned to
TO PUBLICIZE PEACE
DRAMA:
Eisenhower
To Attempt
Offensives
Soviet Leader Shows
Growing Truculence
As Assembly Meets
By The Associated Press
President Dwight D. Eisenhow-
er yesterday converted his ap-
pearance before the United Na-
tions today into a two-pronged
diplomatic offensive.
First, Eisenhower sought to beat
Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrush-
chev to the punch, reportedly with
a revamped version of his open
skies inspection plan to forestall
sneak nuclear attacks and a pro-
posal to' aid the emerging nations
of Africa.
Second, the President arranged
to court representatives of 1
Latin American nations at s
luncheon, and to meet with othei
foreign government leaders.
Announcing Eisenhower's plan,
White House Press Secretary
James C. Hagerty said' Cuba's
Yankee-baiting Prime Minister
Fidel Castro and the Dominican
Republic's representative were not
invited to the Latin America
luncheon.
In concert with the Organiza-
tion of American States, the Unit-
ed States has broken relation'
with the Dominican Republic,
ruled by Dictator Rafael Truillo
While Eisenhower prepared for
his address, Khrushchev diplay.
ed increasing truculence as a fat=
ful UN General Assembly sessior
waited anxiously fo rthe expected
spectacular Soviet and America
deslU htous on the prospect fo,
world peace.
While . the Soviet Premier, I
two separate balcony scenes at thE
Russians' United Nations head.
quarters in New York, was issuing
blasts at United States culture
diplomatic circles here discusse
the possibility that Eisenhowe
would make two UN appearances
one before and one after Khrush
chev's major address.
The President is due in Ne'r
York again Monday for a sched
uled address to a Catholic Chart-
ties group. Diplomatic source
speculated he would be avalable
to rebut Khrushchev should he
deem it necessary.
The odds were heavily againsi
any K'hrushchev - Eisenhowei
meeting-and this would be a
pointed snub to the Russian Pre
mier who has been waging a cam
paign of vilification against the
United States and Elsenhowe
personally since the summit cons
ference collapsed last May.
Khrushchev, Communist bloE
sources said, was carrying one o
his characteristic oratorical bomb.
shells with him-what the Com.
munists called "dramatic new
proposals." They would say n
more than that about it.
Khrushchev sat in for about ar
hour of today's forenoon sessior
of the Assembly, listening while
the group° to offer them some
prospect of relief from the Cod
War's perils.
Koch Firing
Made Official
SGC Debates Support of Select Events
ISA Panel Blames Belgium,
Natives, UN m Congo Upset
By MICHAEL HARRAHR
The Congolese "patriots," the% Belgian "imperialists," and the
United Nations each came in for their share of the blame in the
present Congo crisis, as it was set forth in the first of a series of
dsicussions under the auspices of the International Students Associ-
ation.
Gilbert Bursley, former American consul for the United States
Information Burea uin the Belgian Congo, drew from his experience
to lay the background for the .
crisis. NEW BOOK OUT-
Illustrating long - range plans
that Belgium had for the Congo,
with a view toward its one day 0
becoming self-su'fficient, SocloI4
Implying the nationalistic move-
ment was largely inspired from
outside the Congo, Bursley pointed
to the very narrow strip of land
which makes a bottleneck to the
sea. having the Cameroon until 4
recently part of French Equitorial
Africa, on the North, with its .
new-found nationalism constantlyr
filtering down through the short
distance to Leopoldville, as a geo-
graphical difficulty.
Rais Khan, a native of Pakistan,
compared the Congo situation to
his own country.
"I am not condemning imperial-
ism," he said. "But imperialists
take over an area with every in-:
tention of being there to stay;
leaving is the farthest thing from
their minds."
Theodore Ntoampe, of Basuto-
land, went on to compare the
Congo crisis to the apartheid in
the Union of South Africa.
The two situations are very1
similar," he said. "The United Na-
tions has intervened in the Con-
go. I am wondering how they~
Last night the Student Govern-
mental Council debated the ques-
tion of giving official support to
those events "dealing with ques-
tions considered pressing and
worthy of student atetntion."
SGC President John Feldkamp,
'61, broke a tie to pass a motion
Want Tryouts
To Join Daily
All University sutdents interest-
ed in journalism are invited to
become members of The Daily.
Trainee meetings for those who
would like to join the editorial,
sports or photography staffs of
The Daily will be held at 4:15 and
7:15 p.m. today and at 4:15 p.m.
tomorrow.
Those interested in the business
side of newspaper work should at-
tend one of the meetings to be
held at 4:15 and 7:15 p.m., Tues-
day and 4:15 p.m. Wednesday.
All meetings will take place at
the Student Publications Bldg.
proposed by Roger Seasonwein,
'61, requesting that a letter be
sent to all student organizations
publicizing the Oct. 11 perform-
ance of the play "Which Way the
Wind."
Based on a world peace theme,
the play is being sponsored by
the American Friends Service'
Committee in conjunction with
various campus organizations.
Pressing Question
The motion stated that al-
though the Council's position was
one of neither agreement or dis-
agreement with the views ex-
pressed in the play, it wished to
call the event to the student's at-
tention in that it involved a press-
ing question.
Jon Trost, '61, opposed the mo-
tion arguing that supporting an
event in addition to calendaring
it puts SGC in a position of tell-
ing the student what is good for
him."
"In that the Council is not
omniscent," he continued, "such
support is not its function."
Seasonwein drew a distinction
between telling and suggesting,
adding that such a letter merely
lets the student know that there
is an option.
Morten Opposes
Also opposing the motion, Un-
ion President Perry Morton, '61,
objected to the possible establish-
ment of a precedent of "support-
ing at random,"
He stated that organizations
should publicize their own events,
and that SGC interference in in-
dividual instances implies the
necessity of a criterion for sup-
port.
Seasonwein defined an event as
worthy of support if it asks stu-
dents to consider major issues.
Bill Warnock, '61BA, criticized
the motion in that the type of
decision it called for would of
necessity be dependent upon the
value judgments of Individual
Council members.
Daily Editor Thomas Hayden,
'61, stated that the Council should
make such value judgments based
on the consideration of broad
issues which are important to
the students.
gists Say Education Improves Marriage
.. " +
- By NAN MARKEL
City Editor
Good news for University students comes from a new book by
two University sociologists-better-educated persons have happier
marriages, they say.
College graduates rate high in fulfilling marriage goals, which
are listed by a sample of 909 Detroit area women as 1) companion-
ship, 2) the chance to have children, 3)understanding, 4) love and
affection and 5) financial status,
"This comes through consistently no matter how you look at it,"
Prof. Robert 0. Blood, Jr. of the sociology department reported.
At a press conference yesterday he reviewed "Husbands and Wives--
The Dynamics of Married Living," which he co-authored with Donald
M. Wolfe of the Institute for Social Research.
Education does not ruin women for marriage, the sociologists
say. Although college alumnae are probably less apt to keep quiet
when they disagree with their husbands, they are more anxious to
work things through to a settlement.
Sharing makes for good marriages, they add, and it is easier for
college graduates to express affection as well as to communicate
information and opinions
Further, "the wife who finds mhost companionship in marriage
is the one who concentrates on entertaining and organizational
activity. College-educated wives' satisfaction far exceeds that of any
occupational or income category."
m Four4m, mhwivst 1aiont rfamilies. 1thoh nnne in this study
URBANA, Ill. ()-Leo F. Ke
University of Illinois Profes
who publicly condoned pre-na
tal sexual relations-to the d
may of school officials-was f
mally fired yesterday.
The University of Illinois tr
tees said they believe Koch's d
missal "was proper and in
best interests of the univers
and that the cause of acadei
freedom is strengthened by
sisting upon exercise of the a
demic responsibility which nec
sarily accompanies it."
The action was taken w~
unanimous approval.
Koch had garnered some si
port for his argument that
dismissal violated academic fr
dom.
David D. Henry, university p
I
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