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Seventy-Four Years of Editorial Freedom
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ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JULY 2; 1965
SEVEN GENTS
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arkFFrAsCAkPDIDATES:
Farmer Asks New Policies
Says Law School TV Legal
DURHAM, N.C. YP)--The na-
tional director of the Congress of
Racial Equality, setting a new
pplitical course for the civil rights
group, yesterday called on CORE
members to put up candidates in
elections.
James Farmer said the group's
present political policy of "pres-
suring and cajoling political
units" is dead and no longer ap-
plicable to the needs of the move-
ment.
He urged CORE members to
"be prepared to put up candi-
dates" for nomination when nec-
essary "through political vehicles
like the Freedom Democratic
movement" and to endorse or op-
pose candidates for election.
Policy Departure-
"This is, of course, a departure
in CORE policy," Farmer told the
group's national convention meet-
ing in Durham.
"If the need for community or-
ganization has been great in the
past, it is now desperate," he said.
Farmer viewed the community
organization as a tool to build a
v e h i c le. Political organization,
then, is the vehicle to reach a de-
sired objective, he explained.
Open Society
"That objective is an open so-
ciety, free of race discrimination
and forced segregation, shorn of
poverty and unemployment, with
decent housing and high quality
education for all," he said.
The objectives CORE seeks,
Farmer said, "are political objec-
tives depending upon responses we
can exact from political machin-
ery. And the only way to achieve
political objectives is through po-
litical power," he said.
"We can no longer rely on pres-
suring and cajoling political units
toward desired actions," he said.
"We must be in a position of pow-
er, a position to change those po-
litical units when they are not re-
sponsive.
Farmer addressed the opening
session of the five-day convention,
which is expected to draw more
than 400 CORE members. The
convention will be asked to act
on his proposals.
The national director noted
many CORE chapters have "made
a serious attempt at ghetto in-
volvement and community organi-
zation. If we are honest we will
admit that most have failed,
though a few have had small suc-
cess at organizing their commun-
ity. Thus the impact of some of
our chapters has dwindled."
Organization
When neighborhood desires be-
come known, he said, "CORE
must be prepared to help the com-
munity to achieve them and or-
ganize around them."I
These services, he said, usually1
"are best provided in a central
place. It must belong to the com-
munity, not to CORE," he ex-
plained.
Farmer estimated each center
would cost about $10,000 and urg-
ed a crash fund raising campaign
to finance them, something which
is also unprecedented in CORE's
history. He suggested three cen-
ters, one in each northern region,
be opened by fall.,
Insufficient Funds
The national CORE organiza-
tion, Farmer said, is strapped with
a quarter of a million dollar debt
and insufficient funds to cover
current operating expenses.
Working through the centers,
he said, "we must seek to organ-
ize the community politically or
more accurately, to reorganize it
politically.
"The greatest tragedy of all
would be for the existing black
vote to {remain and the new black
vote to be dumped into the gen
eral political soup brewed by the
machine bosses-black or white,"
Farmer said.
"What is needed, I believe, is
independent po1itica action
through indigenous political or-
ganizations," he said, such as the
Freedom Democratic Party in
Mississippi, which CORE supports.
Farmer asked the convention to
"proceed with dispatch" to alter
CORE's structure to implement
changes.
By MICHAEL BADAMO
The recent Supreme Court
ruling in the Billie Sol Estes
case barring television in the
court room will not have any
effect on the educational tele-
vision hook-ups in the Uni-
versity Law School, according
to Dean Charles W. Joiner of
the Law School.
The question had arisen in
the LawpSchool because of a
current practice of televising
the court proceedings conduct-
ed in the Washtenaw County
circuit court for educational
purposes.
The Estes case deals with
alleged and substantiated ef-
fects of "12 cameramen on the
floor of the courtroom, cables
and wires snaking across the
floor. The activities of pre-
trial proceedings were disrupt-
ed on several occasions. This
"activity caused great publicity
and was harmful in ultimately
getting a jury."
The high court handed down
a five to four decision in favor
of the plaintiff. The majority
opinion holds that Estes was
deprived of his right under the
14th Amendment guaranteeing
due process of law by the
televising and broadcasting of
his trial.
Two Factors
In a statement to the Law
School faculty, Joiner said that
there were two major factors
involved in the Estes case that
caused the court to make its
ruling:
-The great confusion that
took place at the time of the
pretrial proceedings, the take
over by the cameramen and the
television technicians of the
courtroom during' this period,
and all the ramifications that
have occured from it; and
-The fact that television
reaches a vast audience and is
ion, it seems to me, should
have no adverse effect upon
the continuance of our policy
of closed circuit television for
the purpose of instructing law
students."
The law school maintains a
camera in the corner of the
Washtenaw circuit court room
which is directly connected to
closed circuit television facili-
ties in the Law School. Court
cases are broadcast live from
the actual court to the class-
room situation, giving instruc-
tion in courtroom proceedings.
Judge James R. Breakey Jr.
who has conducted court under
the camera's eye since Jan. 12,
1962, has never received a com-
plaint from an attorney, liti-
gant, or witness or even noticed
that anyone was conscious that
the proceedings were being
televised.
Proposal of Hookup
The idea of televising court
proceedings directly to the law
school was proposed to Joiner
by Breakey when he was the
only Washtenaw county cir-
cuit judge.
Breakey and Joiner agreed
that it was difficult to famil-
iarize law students with what
goes on in a courtroom. Law
schools, like other professional
schools, need some type of in-
ternship for their students.
Breakey gave immediate ap-
proval to the instructional tele-
vising if he could be assured
that it would cause no distrac-
tions and would not violate the
Cannons of Judicial Ethics.
Report Returns
FromJackson;
By CHARLOTTE WOLTER
Conflicting reports of police brutality in the Jackson, Miss., ci
rights protests of the past two weeks came from local officials a
participants in the demonstrations, yesterday.
W. D. Rayfield, chief of police in Jackson, answered the chars
saying there had been "minor, if any" incidents of this nature, a
that most of the reports were false.
He said that all facilities for the prisoners were adequate, ti
there were two doctors on call 24 hours a day, and that officials
the Justice Department had been watching every activity. He add
DEAN JOINER
used selectively in certain cases
causes very serious problems
in connection with the fair
trial.
Joiner explained that "neith-
er of these is present. in the,
closed circuit television for edu-
cational purposes. This opin-
ROOSEVELT DIRECTS:
Starts Try To End Job Bias
JAMES FARMER, national director of the Congress of Racial
Equality urged a change in CORE's political policy. He asked
that CORE endorse and run candidates for office.
DANGER SIGNALS:
Re bicans ew Ills
Of Nation's Economics
WASHINGTON (P)-Republican leaders in Congress said yester-
day there are "danger signals" in the nation's economic indicators,
but stopped short of predicting an economic downturn.
At a joint news conference, the House and Senate GOP leaders
accused the administration of seeking short-run remedies and
"giving glib and pat answers to serious and involved questions."
Rep. Gerald R. Ford, the House minority leader, said price and
wage increases despite continuing substantial unemployment are
creating "distinct inflationary pressures."
Rubber-Stamping
,r A further boost toward inflation is being given by the Democrats
in Congress, he said, "by rubber- t
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON-The nation will
launch its program to end job
discrimination today under the
direction of Franklin D. Roose-
velt Jr. chairman of the new
"Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission."
According to Roosevelt the em-
phasis of the commission will be
on conciliation and persuasion
rather than persecution.
The commission was set up
under Title VII of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964. This title for-
bids hiring, firing or promoting
on the basis of "race, color, re-
ligion, sex, or national origin."
The 1964 Civil Rights Bill pro-
vided that the commission should
start operating one year after the
signing of the bill, which was
July 2, 1964.
Title VII applies to labor unions,
including their apprentice sys-
tems, and to employment agencies,
as well as to employers.
Beginning today, the law applies
to employers or unions who have
100 or more workers or members.
A year hence this limitation drops
to 75, then to 50 in 1967, and
finally to 25 in 1968. Employment
agencies are covered regardless of
size.
The commission has no power
to punish anybody, but if an
accused person resists conciliation
and court orders he might find
himself-after a lengthy process-
fined or jailed for contempt of
court.
Among other things it is, un-
lawful for; an employer, labor
union or employment agency to
publish any discriminatory ad-
vertising relating to employment.'
This could lead to changes in the
traditional "help wanted, men"
and "help wanted, women" ads
in newspapers. However, it would
be the advertiser, not the news-
paper, that would be liable to
prosecution.
Exempt from Title VII are fed-
eral and state governments, In-
dian tribes (which may discrini-
inate in favor of Indians), pri-
vate membership clubs, persons
employed by an educational in-
stitution to perform educational
work, persons employed by a re-
ligious educational institution and
persons who refuse to employ
Communists.
If an employer can show that
religion, sex, or nationality are
prime requisites for a particular
job, he is in the clear. But this
exemption does not extend to race
or color.
Title VII makes its gow under
fire from friends and foes of
civil rights legislation.
Roosevelt was told yesterday by
Sen. John L. CcClellan, '(D-Ark)
that the new commission is a "a,
useless agency, unnecessary and
uncalled for."
After delivering his criticism,
McClellan said, "but, if we've got
to have the' commission, you've
got to have some money."
Elliott Leaves
Post at EMU
YPSILANTI (1') - Eugene B.
Elliott retired Wednesday as pres-
ident of Eastern Michigan Univer-
sity, a post he has held for the
past 17 years.
Elliott, who will reach the com-
pulsory retirement age of 70 this
year, is succeeded by Harold E.
Sponberg, president of Washburn
University of Topeka, Kan. Spon-
berg will assume his duties after
the July 4 weekend.
Elliott came to EMU as presi-
dent after serving as state super-
intendent of public instruction
from 1935 to 1948. He is a former
teacher in the Lansing public
schools and was superintendent of
schools at Ovid.
that he had eaten the same food
as the demonstrators for three
days and found it satisfactory.
Denies Burtality
The news editor of the Jackson
Ledger-Clarion also denied reports
of excessive brutality. He said
that in one incident a young man
had charged that police hit him,
but police said he had only bump-
ed his head. The editor said that
those in the compound at the
fairgrounds were "playing touch
football and generally have a time
of it."
His impression of the demon-
strators was that they were mostly
"young Negro children" who were
on a "crusade of idealism" with
some "adventurers and profes-
sional agitators also participating.
He noted that few of the demon-
strators were from Jackson itself,
and that, half of them were not
residents of Mississippi.
He said it was ironic that the
civil rights groups were protesting
just at a time when a special ses-
sion of the Mississippi legislature
was 'repealing many of the dis-
criminatory voting statutes. While
he admitted that there was dis-
crimination in many Mississippi
counties, he added that a lawyer
from the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored Peo-
ple had told him that there was
none in Jackson.
Another View
Meanwhile, a letter from Joyce
Reymer, chairman of the Univer-
sity chapter of the Friends of the
Student Non-violent Coordinating
Committee, which was smuggled
out of the jail in Jackson after
her arrest on June 24, described
the conditions differently.
In the letter she said,'"facilities
in the compound were completely
inadequate: two toilets and two
showers for 200 women, six
blankets for them and three to a
mattress for sleeping. The first
impression was of a concentration
camp. People were being herded
around and treated as animals."
Describing the arrest, she said,
"we began a peaceful march in
twos, to the Post Office Bldg. to
state our demands to the United,
States attorney when we saw state
troopers marching toward us. Jim
Foreman, chairman of SNCC, be-
gan to speak and was arrested. We
all sat down, hooked arms and
werendragged off torthe truck and
taken to the fairgrounds."
Minor Injuries
She continued that there were
only minor injuries at this time,
but that on June 14 people, in-
cluding pregnant women, were
brutally beaten, resulting in some
miscarriages.
Since June 14, nearly 1000 dem-
onstrators have been arrested, on
the basis of violation of a 1938
city ordinance which prohibits
parading or distribution of hand-
bills without a permit.
All Studenit
Nurses' Pay
To Be Cut-
41
DEAN RHODA RUSSEL
By ROBERT MOORE
( ,
stamping one expenditure pro-
gram after another" while a bud-
get deficit persists.
Sen. Bourke B. Hickenlooper (R-
Iowa), acting for ailing Senate
Republican Leader Everett M.
Dirksen of Illinois-, said the ad-
ministration seems to be suggest-
ing that anything; wrong in the
economy stems from. the speech
in which William McChesney
Martin, chairman of the Federal
Reserve Board, said there were
some similarities between the
present economy and that pre-
ceding the 1929 crash. Martin al-
so said there were differences.
"We find it hard to understand
how an administration that has
been talking constantly of the
poverty in the United States can
blame Martin's qualified warning
for weakening confidence in the
economic system," Hickenlooper
said.
Ominous Cloud
In his own view, Hickenlooper
said, a particularly ominous cloud
on the economic horizon is the
international financial situation
and the adverse U.S. balance of
payments.
He urged that an international
conference be called to deal with
"the basic structural shortcom-
ings of our international mone-
tary system."
Ford cited as another economic
danger signal the mounting debt
of U.S. corporations, individuals,
htate and local governments, as
yell as the federal debt.
Shastri Urges
Birth Control
NEW DELHI, India (/P)-Prime'
Minister' T al .ahadur Shastri
Party Line Splits on Viet Nam,
GOP Backs Johnson, Dems Differ,
WASHINGTON (M)-House Re-
publican Leader Gerald R. Ford
(R-Mich) declared yesterday that
his party is supporting President
Lyndon B. Johnson's Viet Nam
policy.
"Republicans will continue to
disregard partisan considerations
in foreign policy," he told a news
conference. "We will be guided by
the national interest."
But, the Michigan congressman
said, that doesn't mean 100 per
cent agreement with every presi-
dential action.
Accusation
Then he accused the President's
own party of being willing to
abandon the free people of Viet
Nam. "The President must not
yield to them," he emphasized.
Ford's defense of the Republi-
cans came a day after Senate
Democratic Leader Mike Mans-
field accused House GOP leaders
of setting conditions on their sup-
port by demanding more use of
'air and sea power and less use of
ground troops,
Mansfield asked, "Is it not a
warning to the President that he
'play the game their way or they
don't play?"
. How Many Troops
Ford was asked yesterday how
many American ground troops
should be in South Viet Nam, and
replied, "a sufficient number to
protect our military installations
and the lives of our forces there."
Asked what the reason was for
his questioning "thelogic of com-
mitting United States ground
forces on a large scale," he said,
"There have been hints-and I
alone," he said. "But the United(
Nations could, if it would ...
"If anything has been learned,"
he said, "it is that the U.S., acting
alone, can not end the war."
Personal Intervention
Another Democrat, Sen. Joseph
S. Clark of Pennsylvania, dis-
agreed, however, calling instead
for personal intervention by UN
Secretary General U Thant, a
Burmese.
He said Russia would be forced
to use its veto in the UN Security
Council, and that the General As-
sembly is immobilized by the dis-
pute over voting rights of mem-
bers who are behind their assess-
ments. -
He said U Thant knows leaders
in both the Communist and free
nations, and thus might succeed.
Student nurse stipends - whi
now total about $90 per mor
for each of the 325 juniors a
seniors receiving them-will
discontinued in the near futu
Dean Rhoda Russell of the nu
ing school said yesterday.
"The change is being made<
an educational basis, not a
nancial one," Mrs. Russell e
plained.
The first cut of a planned "ev
lution" toward discontinuation
the stipend will take place t
month. The stipend will be cut
$72.50 per month.
Not Within Year i
Although the nursing school a
ministration has not set a defin
timetable for further cuts, M;
Russell said the stipend will del
nitely be.discontinued, though
will not be totally discontinu
before July, 1966.
The nurses receive the stipen
for about 20 hours a week
work at the University Hospil
part of "nursing laboratory" wh
they must put in as part of thi
curriculum. They do work wh
paid full-time workers would ha
to do otherwise.
The stipends come from hos
tal funds derived from patie
fees. The eventual discontinuan
of the stipend will add a lit
over $290,000 per year - wh
now goes for the stipends -
those funds. Mrs. Russell said ti
she could not, as yet, give a' co
plete explanation of where 1
added funds would go.
General Trend
"There is a general trend
nursing schools to stop this ty
of stipend," Mrs. Russell said. '
Ohio, Indiana and Iowa Univei
ties, the entire stipends were sto
ped all at once."
"We have gotten very little b
reaction to the change from s
dents," Mrs. Russell said. "
have tried to show anyone in ni
of money where they can get
Above all, we do not want to 1
nurses, because of the prese
nursing shortage."
Reaction was mixed among
small sample of nurses questio
ed about the change. One nu
registered bitterness about a "la
of explanation and informatio
But Helen Collins, '66N, presid
of the Nursing Council, the of
cial student body of the nu
ing school, said that she h
overcome an original dissatisfa
tion with the plan and, once s
-o, pit 'uosca. eTl poogsaap
cepted it.
INTERNATIONAL.GROUPS:
' U' Glee Club To Sing in Choir Festival
By JULIE PUFFER
The University Men's Glee Club will be one of the two United States
all-male choral groups chosen to participate in the International
University Choral Festival in Washington, D.C., this September.
Sponsored by the Lincoln Memorial Center, the festival will com-
prise a series of concerts presented in the Center's Philharmonic Hall
by 20 of the most outstanding university choral groups from South
America, Japan, Europe, Canada, Puerto Rico and the U.S. They will
run from Sept. 20-26, on which day all of the choruses will join to-
gether in a final concert.
On Sept. 27, the entire group will be guests at a reception in
Constitution Hall sponsored by the state department.
"We're hoping," said Prof. Philip Duey of the music school and
conductor of the University Men's Glee Club, "that President and
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson will be able to, be there."
The group will also attend the World's Fair in New York Sept. 24.
Duey said that they will probably participate in impromptu per-
formances at the fair.
Following the Festival, one of the groups-the Kwansei Gakuin
University Glee Club from Japan-will be the guests of the University.
They will present a concert on campus during their visit.
rrl- T- -.fi flo 0ii nrfrm rj~aiscn nrstpA fn fan . 9,
Explanation
Mrs. Russell said she had
plained the reason for the cha:
to student leaders individually a
that classes had been interrup
i