sDs
Convention Explores
Educational
Policies
By JEFFREY GOODMAN
Second of Two Articles
Special to The Daily
KEWADIN-The nation's universities are probably much less
than the key to social change," but Students for a Democratic
Society-the largest representative of the radical "new left" in
America-will continue and expand its efforts to organize students
around their discontent with education.
This was the consensus of opinion after debate on SDS's
policies and programs regarding university reform at the organi-
zation's national convention last weekend. About 250 students of
SDS's more than 2000 members attended the five-day gathering,
participating in three days of workshops and a day-and-a-half
plenary session.
Both the workshops and the plenary session sparked intense
debate over SDS's programs and stands on foreign policy, organi-
zational efforts among the poor and the middle class, university
education and internal structure.
Participatory Democracy
SDS sees itself as a community of young people of the demo-
cratic left. Disaffected with the values and structures of the
existing social system, its members work together toward "the
establishment of a democracy of individual participation governed
by two central aims: that the individual share in those social
decisions determining the quality and direction of his life; that
society be organized to encourage independence in men and pro-
vide the media for their common participation."
The organization's dominant concern at present is mobilizing
the poor in America into a potent political force. The goal of this
movement is enabling the poor to challenge the country's power
structure in order to gain both greater control over their des-
tinies and the reality of "meaningful human community." Under
SDS's Economic Research and Action Project over 250 students
are currently living in more than 10 northern slum ghettoes where
they try to organize the poor around their social, economic and
political grievances.
But because its primary resource is college students, and be-
cause it views them as a potentially radical agent of social
change, SDS is also concerned with making educational experiences
more relevant to the individual student's concerns and needs and
to the social issues which it raises. The major topics of the con-
vention debate were just what kinds of programs could best
achieve these aims and how much priority should be given to uni-
versity organizing relative to SDS's other concerns.
Intense Intellectual Confrontations
Generally the convention agreed that campus planning and
action should emphasize "counter-university experiences"-intense;
meaningful intellectual confrontations between faculty and stu-
dents, both through such forms as the recent teach-ins and
through student-initiated courses. There would be approximately
equal concern with the form of these experiences, with the power
and structural relationships of the university and with the content
of the experiences.
In addition, programming would focus on an analysis of the
universities as "captives" of an "elitist-corporate" system of control
over the nation's "knowledge industry." Organizing among stu-
dents and faculty would attempt to stimulate motion within the
universities toward greater separateness from this system. This
analysis was opposed to one less generally accepted by the con-
vention, that the universities are a major indepedent force for
social change.
Just how much priority will be given to university initiatives
is as yet undetermined, though it was generally agreed that such
programs should not divert personnel or funds from organizing
among the poor and middle class or from foreign policy. Various
SDSers will undertake extensive research about and travel among
large universities this summer, making program recommendations
in the fall.
Foreign Policy Involvement
In other plenary sessions the convention turned toward de-
bating what the nature of SDS's involvement in foreign policy
should be. It was felt that recent actions-centering around oppo-
sition to the war in Viet Nam and alleged American complicity in
South Africa's apartheid-had been undertaken without a suf-
ficiently clear understanding of their relation to the movement.
Abandoning the notion that the organization should be "crisis-
oriented"-analyzing or acting upon events only when major issues
are raised by governmental initiatives-the convention generally
agreed that foreign policy programs should be related as much as
possible to their domestic consequences and their potential as
foci for mobilizing domestic dissent.
More specifically, it was agreed that foreign policy would be
of concern to SDS as it:
-tended to dislocate basic economic priorities on the domestic
scene;
-reflected and intensified undemocratic processes of deci-
sion-making;
-reflected and intensified the power of the "military-indus-
trial complex" over foreign affairs;
-increased the danger to world peace of America's nuclear
capacity;
-operated in the "third world" to prevent national self-deter-
mination and maximum, broad, popular participation by other
peoples in deciding the directions of their countries.
At the close of its plenary session the convention elected Carl
Oglesby, 30, to serve as president for the coming year. Oglesby
graduated from the University in 1961 and the same year won a
major Hopwood drama award. He is the fifth SDS president in a
row-there have been only five-to have studied at the University.
--------------- - ----
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VOL. LXXV, No. 30-S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1965
H ouse Delays 'U'
o Fund Restoring
Contrary to expectations, the House did not begin debate on the
University's operating funds appropriation yesterday, but the item is
still on the House general orders calendar and should come up for
informal discussion today.
University officials remained fairly confident that most or all
of the $6.3 million slashed from the budget by the House Ways and
Means Committee last Friday will be restored.
However, some sources see a possible complication with the
appropriation for the University's Flint branch.
In a move to have the cutback restored Monday, Rep. Charles
Gray (D-Ypsilanti)-the same man who had proposed the reduction
in the Ways and Means Commit-
200 Seized as Protests
Continue in Mississippi
JACKSON, Miss. (IP) - Over 200 demonstrators were arrested
yesterday by helmeted police as three more waves of civil rights pro-
tests rocked the capital.
The marchers, including a national civil rights leader, were
arrested for parading without a permit as they moved on the domed
state capitol. Then a group of 20 youthful Negroes reached the capitol
grounds and was arrested for refusing to disperse.
Federal marshals later physically tossed from the steps of the
federal court building and post office a group of 20 Negroes and three
{fwhites. They were protesting the
PRESIDENT JOHNSON
1V
Noted Artists
View Absence
Of Objectors
WASHINGTON (IP) - Author
John Hersey spoke at the White
House festival on the arts yester-
day "on behalf of the great num-
ber of citizens who have become
alarmed in recent weeks by the
sight of fire begetting fire."
He voiced some of the under-
currents of disapproval of Presi-
dent Lyndon B. Johnson's foreign
policy that have come from some
artists and writers invited to this
unique day-long salute to the arits,
Urging that his words serve as
a reminder, Hersey, who wrote the
book "Hiroshima" about the first
nuclear bombing of a city de-
clared:
Small Steps
"The step from one degree of
violence to the next is impercepti-
bly taken, and cannot easily be
taken back. And the end point of
these little steps is horror and
oblivion. We cannot for a moment
forget the truly terminal dangers,
in these times, of miscalculation,
of arrogance, of accident, of re-
liance not on moral strength but
on mere military power. Wars
have a way of getting out of
hand."
A number of participants in the
festival expressed concern and
pricks of conscience at coming to
the White House when they may
disagree to some extent with ad-
ministration foreign policies.
Introduction
Van Doren, in his introduction,
said he felt compelled to mention
the absence of New England Poet
* Robert Lowell, who was to have
tee - pointedly omitted language
refering to admittance of fresh-
men at Flint this fall. The Flint
appropriation was the only item
eliminated in the Gray's restora-
tion proposal.
While deletion of the Flint
appropriation cannot prevent the
University from diverting other
funds to finance its Flint venture,
it does express legislative intent
which puts pressure on the Uni-
versity not todo so.
Gray explained that the com-
mittee had made its point with
the initial cutback, and that the
omission of \ Flint funds would
still give House Democrats "the
bargaining point that we wanted
with the Senate."
Senate Bill
Senate Appropriations Commit-
tee Chairman Garland Lane (D-
Flint), a leading supporter of the
University's Flint expansion plans,
had included $285,000 in the
Senate version of the higher edu-
cation bill with an expression of
legislative intent that it be used
for Flint expansion.
Observers agree that Lane, who
has helped to kill or slash' House-
passed spending bills, was the ob-
ject of the Ways and Means Com-
mittee's budget cutback.
By slashing the University's
budget, many House Democrats
had hoped to force restoration of
these Senate cuts. However, while
Lane's committee passed two
House spending bills Friday after
the Ways and Means Committee
action, Gray's primary concern,
the administrative pay-raise bill
which the committee killed earlier
last week, was not reconsidered.
Observers say Gray's Monday
proposal for restoration, which be-
came bogged down in debate Mon-
day, should come up for discus-
sion again today, although the
House is not expected to take final
action before Friday.
arrests of other demonstrators.
Orders
Chief Marshal Jack Stuart told
the demonstrators to get off fed-
eral property. When they refused,
marshals routed them from the
steps. Several returned to the
steps and were tossed to the side-
walk.
Police ordered them to get off
the sidewalk. Nineteen refused
and were arrested. During the in-
With the arrest tally standing
at 675 in two days of protests,
civil rights forces pledged to con-
tinue demonstrations.
Arrests
Among those arrested were
John Lewis, executive director of
the Student Non-violent Coordi-
nating Committee (SNCC) and
Charles Evers, Mississippi field
secretary for the National Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of
Colored People.-9
In New Orleans,. the 5th U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals turned
down a request by civil rights
forces spearheading the demon-
strations to halt Mississippi of fi-
cials from interfering.
During the first day of protest-
ing Monday, Martin Luther King,
the leader of the protest plans
here for the past several weeks,
was arrested with several hundred
others.
The civil rights leaders contend
the special session of the legisla-
ture is designed to sidestep federal
voting requirements. Gov. Paul
Johnson asked the lawmakers to
bring state laws into harmony
with the voter registration bill'
pending in Congress.
MARTIN LUTHER KING
Arrest Pickets
In Chicago
CHICAGO WP) - Police made
more mass arrests yesterday when
pickets for integrationist groups
broke ranks at the busy intersec-
tion of State and Madison Streets
during a march on City Hall and
lay down in the streets.
Between 300 and 400 demonstra-
tors, mostly Negroes but including
several white clergymen, were un-
der police instructions to remain
on the sidewalks during the march
from Buckingham fountain in
Grant Park to the city hall.
The demonstration was the
fourth in six days protesting al-
leged de facto segregation in Chi-
cago's schools.
Among those in the march was
the Rev. John Morris of Atlanta,
national chairman of the Episco-
pal Society for Cultural and Ra-
cial Equality.
"This is the only way we can
show that we care down there
what happens here," he told news-
men.
By PETER R. SARASOHN
Groups of school children wav-
ing flags, farmers waving from
their tractors, factory workers
waving from the Ford plant, Boy
Scouts and Girl Scouts waving
from side streets and just ordinary
citizens waving from their cars-
all shouted their congratulations
as the astronauts' motorcade
passed by yesterday.
This was the mood of Ann Ar-
bor as spacemen JamesA. McDiv-
itt and Edward H. White arrived
here to celebrate the activities
planned by the University in their
honor.
The astronauts landed at Wil-
low Run Airport in a red, white
and blue National Aeronautical
and Space Administration plane.
They greeted a crowd which was
estimated at 700 by calling it
"wonderful" to be back in Michi-
gan. They both graduated from
the University in 1959.
Convocation
Arriving at Michigan Stadium
for the convocation honoring
them, they were greeted by a
standing ovation from 25-30,000
people. Signs saying "Welcome
NIcDivitt and W h i t e" and
"Thumbs Up Jim and Ed" were
scattered through the audience.
University President H a r la n
Hatcher commented as chairman
of the convocation proceedings
that "we are all thrilled beyond
measure to stand tribute to those
that launched and returned and
maintained the successful Gemini
4 flight for the record four days."
Gov. George Romney remarked
that the recent flight carried "ex-
tra meaning for this state for its
crew was our own, one a son of
lany Uses
New Space Center: A
By BARBARA SEYFRIED
Astronauts James A. McDivitt
and Edward H. White yesterday
cut the ribbon indicating that the
University Space Research Center
building was officially open, but
the building won't be ready for
Banners Were a Boom Business..
'U' Greets Spacemen with Honors
occupancy until July 1.
Floyd L. Thompson, director of
the Langley Research Center of
the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration in Hamp-
ton, Va., explained NASA's de-
pendence upon educational insti-
tutions in his dedication speech.
Thompson presented the building
to the University on behalf of
NASA.
The Space Research Center will
house a major portion of the 46
projects currently being conducted
at the University under NASA
sponsorship.
Uses
The building will be used main-
ly by the High Altitude Engineer-
ing Laboratory from the Aeronau-
tical and Astronautical engineer-
ing department. the Space Physics
Laboratory, and the Radio As-
tronomy Observatory, which is
connected with the electrical en-
gineering and astronomy depart-
ments.
35 research personnel from the
Radio Astronomy Observatory will
work on the data sent back by
the first two Orbiting Geophysi-
rno 1 fhcpaantn-rio.hh l arnl
Milky Way while the fifth will
"look at" the sun and Jupiter and
cosmic background radio noise
over a wide range of frequencies.
The studies concentrate mainly on
radiation waves which are so long
that they do not penetrate the
earth's atmosphere.
The Space Physics Laboratory
will continue work on its studies
of the supper atmosphere. Last
March the laboratory launched a
rocket with a thermostatic probe
designed to measure the tempera-
ture, charge and pressure of par-
ticles in the ionosphere. These
launches will continue. Also being
conducted are experiments using
a pediostatic probe which records
the density of the atmosphere at
high altitudes.
NASA Sponsors
All these projects will be carried
out under NASA sponsorship. The
space agency granted the Univer-
sity the $1.75 million to build the
Space Research Center building
and supports a $6.2 million space
research program at the Univer-
sity.
Eventually the Space Research
Michigan (McDivitt is from Jack-
son, Mich.), the other an adopted
son." He echoed the repeated
statements of the two astronauts
when he added that this is a
tribute "to every man and woman,
every research project, every gov-
ernmental agency and private in-
dustry that lent brainpower and
energy to Project Gemini."
Advance
He pointed out that their ex-
ploits have proven that "tech-
nological advance is not sufficient
by itself; that man and machine
are inseparable." Romney present-
ed the astronauts with atmospher-
ic clocks "as constant remainders
of the time that our hearts were
with you in space."
President Hatcher added that
"integrity and excellence are the
bulwark of mankind." The* excel-
lence of a university "lies in the
careers of its graduates," he said.
The astronauts were presented
with honorary degrees of Doctor
of Astronautical Science. Speak-
ing to the crowd, McDivitt said
the space program will "move
forward as our schools move for-
ward. Good people come from good
schools-like my school, the Uni-
versity of Michigan."
Hail
His space twin, White, then
added "hail to the victors means
% great deal to me." He felt that
"America was the victor," as a
result of a demonstration of team-
work by industry, NASA, the arm-
ed forces and the many other or-
ganizations contributing to the
success of the Gemini 4 flight.
The astronauts then proceeded
to North Campus for the ribbon-
cutting ceremonies for the dedi-
cation of the new NASA' Space
Research Building. A. Geoffrey
Norman, vice-president for re-
search, said in his opening re-
marks that the University has
played a large part in space re-
search through its graduates and
the many related projects con-
ducted here.
President Hatcher added that
"man's only key to his future is
represented by space." He accept-
ed the building on behalf of the
Regnts.
ian (D-Ann Arbor) who con-
gratulated the astronauts and re-
lated a telegram sent by President,
Lyndon B. Johnson.
It said "special thanks should
go to the University of Michigan
for preparing the astronauts for
their historic flight." It contin-
ued, "our objective continues to be
peaceful exploration of space for
the benefit of all mankind. The
success of the Gemini 4 flight
was an important stride in that
direction,"
Keys to City
Mayor Wendell Hulcher of Ann
Arbor presented' the astronauts
with the keys to the city, smaller
keys in the shape of a Phi Beta
Kappa key for their wives, a
replica of the McDivitt-White
Corner (a lampost that lights up
with a sign saying McDivitt-
White), a resolution of congratu-
lations from the Ann Arbor City
Council and a book of sketches
of the University campus.
Other resolutions of congratu-
lations were presented from the
both houses of the Legislature and
from Mayor Jerome Cavanagh of
Detroit.
Treach-In Gets
Mixed Support
A New York poet and Univer-
sity alumnus declared on the Un-
ion steps yesterday afternoon 'we
cannot really care about our space
exploits until we have learned
to let all our earth brothers live,
until we stop bombing and burn-
ing our brothers and their vil-
lages, their forests and their
crops."
Jerry Badanes, along with oth-
er well-known University profes-
sors and political and civil rights
leaders adopted a teach-in plan to
voice disapproval of American
policies involved in many ways
with Gemini and the military pro-
gram.
Prof. William Livant of the
Mental Health Research Institute,
one of the speakers, said, "the
space race is one step away from
':..:~'~ X