', MARCH 23,1967
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
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MARCH 23, 1967 THE MICHIGAN DAILY
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9
Johnson
To Continue Peace Efforts Despite Rebuff
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
Associated Press Special Correspondent
WASHINGTON - President
Johnson says he will persist in
efforts to seek peace with North
Vietnam despite "regrettable re-
buffs." But administration offi-
cials see Hanoi's rejection and its
public release of a personal John-
son proposal for peace talks a
a bad sign.
Johnson returned Tuesday night
from a two-day Vietnam war con-
ference in Guam. Enroute home he
learned of Hanoi's publication
Tuesday of a secret exchange of
letters he had with President Ho
Chi Minh of North Vietnam six
weeks ago.
Officials said the North Viet-
namese government has been in-
formed that Johnson's proposal
for talks-and for steps to de-
escalate the war-is still open. But
Committee
Cites Need
For Troops
Senate Report Calls
Bombing of North
'Overly Restrictive'
WASHINGTON (M)-The Senate
Preparedness subcommittee said
yesterday American commanders
in Vietnam are not getting all the
troops they want and the bombing
of North Vietnam is "overly re-
strictive." But the Pentagon dis-
puted both contentions.
The clashing views were given
in the first of six subcommittee
reports. Chairman John Stennis
(D-Miss.), said will be made as
a result of on-the-ground surveys
by staff members last October.
Yesterday's censored report pri-
marily covered Army matters.
Noting that steps may have been
taken in the meantime to correct
some of the deficiencies it found,
the preparedness group said that
in Vietnam:
Leveling Off
"There is apparently to be a
leveling off of troop commitments
below previously approved pro-
grams despite reliable information
that our military people who have
the responsibility for fighting the
war would like to have-deleted-
more dmen than has been ap-
Proved."
The subcommittee went on to
say that the need for more men
was sharpened, by an enlarged
responsibility -for U.S. forces to
operate in the Mekong River delta.
The subcommittee said the Com-
munists around the world hope to
discredit the United States "by
clamoring for- a halt to the still
overly restrictive bombing of North
Vietnam."
On the matter of manpower, the
Or Pentagon replied that "there has
been no reduction in any program
of troop deployments previously
approved by the Department of
Defense."
Westmoreland
There have been some reports
tthat Gen. William C. Westmore-
land, U.S. commander in Vietnam,
had carried with him to the Guam
conference a proposal for an ad-
ditional 50,000 men. There was no
public indication whether the re-
quest had been laid before Presi-
dent Johnson or acted -upon..
The subcommittee said a. num-
ber of U.S. commanders stated
that troop strengths were being
cut below previous goals. It cited
a Nov. 10, 1966 message to the
Joint Chiefs of Staff on this point
which it said the Pentagon said it
must be remembered that air at-
tacks are supplemental to ground
operations and not a substitute for
them.
"By and large," it added, "U.S.
bombing operations in the North
have produced the results expected
of them. The interdiction cam-
paign has substantially raised for
North Vietnam the cost of its ef-
forts to infiltrate men and mate-
rial into South Vietnam and has
impaired their capability to sup-
port sustained, militarily signifi-
cant operations in the South."
Restrictions
The subcommittee replied that
the Joint Chiefs' of Staff testified
separately before Senate commit-
tees "that at least some of the
bombing restrictions against North
Vietnam should'be lifted."
To the subcommittee's caution
against "allowing ourselves to be-
come bogged down in a protracted
war of attrition," the Pentagon re-
plied that "clear and destroy" ef-
forts will be greatly expanded this
year.
they saw no prospect of its accept-
ance anytime soon.
In coming months the President
is expected to increase further the
military pressure on Communist
forces in South Vietnam while
stepping up attacks on North Viet-
nam. Administration officials had
hoped that military losses and
bomb damage suffered by the
Communists in the past two years
would force them to the confer-
ence table early this year.
That hope has now been sharply
deflated, by Ho's rejection of
Johnson's bid, and by Ho's making
public the exchange of letters. Of-
ficials said they were baffled by
the publication.
There was some speculation here
that Communist Chinese influence
in Hanoi might be responsible, or
that Ho might have decided to
use the exchange as a means of
attacking the Guam conference.
A persistent critic of Johnson's
Vietnam policies, Chairman J. W.
Fulbright of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, called the
President's offer to Ho reasonable
but urged today in an interview a
halt to bombing on the chance it
might pave the way to peace talks.
Sen. Robert F. Kennedy (D-
NY), another Vietnam critic, said
in a statement Johnson had im-
posed a new condition to peace
talks requiring evidence that
North Vietnamese infiltration has
halted before U.S. bombing will be
stopped.
At the United Nations, Secre-
tary-General U Thant was re-
ported to have sent messages to
both North and South Vietnam
proposing a cease-fire and peace
talks.
Diplomatic sources said Thant's
messages of last week led to Sai-
gon's proposal of talks to Hanoi,
announced following the Guam
conference. There has been no an-
nounced reply from Hanoi to that
bid.
Johnson initiated his exchange
of letters in early February at the
time of a Vietnamese Lunar New
Year cease-fire which included a
halt in the bombing of North Viet-
nam. The President's letter was
delivered by a U.S. diplomat in
Moscow to a North Vietnamese
diplomat Feb. 8.
Johnson asked for secret peace
talks between his and Ho's rep-
resentatives in Moscow, Burma or
some other place Ho might prefer.
He rejected Ho's publicly stated
condition that bombing of the
North must be stopped uncon-
ditionally before talks could start.
Instead he proposed a halt of the
bombing and a freeze of the pres-
ent U.S. tioop level in South Viet-
nam if the North Vietnamese
president would stop all infiltra-
tion into South Vietnam.
For some days in mid-February,
the President and his advisors
wondered whether Ho would reply
at all. Johnson's letter was re-
ported to have reached Hanoi two
days after its delivery in Moscow.
Authorities here said they sup-
posed the diplomat who received it
had to find out from his govern-
ment whether Ho would be willing
to receive it or wanted him to re-
turn it to the U.S. Embassy. On
at least one occasion in the past,
the North Vietnamese represent-
ative returned a message from
Washington. But this time Ho re-
ceived it.
Before he replied to the Presi-
dent. Ho replied to a peace appeal
from Pope Paul VI. U.S. officials
said at the time they took that as
a rejection of efforts to build up
the cease-fire into a permanent
or prolonged truce.
On Feb. 15 Ho sent his answer
to Johnson, saying: "If the U.S.
government wants these talks, it
must first of all stop uncondition-
ally its bombing raids and all other
acts of war" against North Viet-
nam.
Ho also wrote Johnson that "the
Vietnamese people will never sub-
mit to force. They will never ac-
cept talks under the threat of
bombs."
When it released the letters. the
North Vietnamese Foreign Min-
istry said publication was decided
on "with a view to exposing to
world public opinion the stub-
bornness and perfidy of the U.S.
rulers."
The statement attacked "the
U.S. aggressors" and charged that
the Guam conference was held for
the purpose of "stepping up and
expanding the war of aggression
in Vietnam to a more serious ex-
tent."
U.S. officials back from Guam
said no military decisions were
made there although the progress
of the war was reviewed.
In South Vietnam the tempo of
military operations hasrbeen in-
creasing since the failure: of' the
February peace maneuvers. There
also have been expanded opera-
tions against North Vietnam with
long-range artillery shelling across
the border from South Vietnam,
mining of waterways, naval bom-
bardments and bombing of a steel
plant.
Johnson's letter, made public by
the State Department after its dis-
closure by Hanoi, did not make
de-escalation .of the war a condi-
tion for talks. The President han-
dled the two subjects separately.
He said that because of the pos-]
sibility of distortion through in-
direct channels-evidently mean-
ing through other governments-
Ho and he should "arrange for
direct talks between trusted rep-
resentatives in a secure setting
and away from the glare of pub-
licity."
He said he had noted North
Vietnamese statements calling for
a permanent and unconditional
end to the bombing and he under-
stood that was Ho's proposal as
a means of opening the way for
talks.
But Johnson argued there were
two reasons against such a proce-
dure. First, he said, it would focus
worldwide attention on the talks
and "impair their privacy and
secrecy." Second, he said, the U.S.
government would be worried
about North Vietnamese action "to
improve its military position."
I
-Associated Press
WAR TALKS
Sen. J. W. Fulbright (D-Ark.), right, is seen with United Nations Secretary General U Thant at
U.N. headquarters in New York City yesterday. Fulbright and 11 senators on the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee, of which Fulbright is chairman, discussed the Vietnam war with Thant for two
hours yesterday in a private session.
'UNPRECEDENTED':
Court Orders Desegregation
Of Alabama Schools by 1967
High Official WEEK-OLD PROTEST:
Defects from March on Sta
North Korea Effort To Bo
Conmmimists Accuse CHICAGO (P)-Farmers march- Kan., a
U.S. of Kidnaping, ed on the New Jersey State House said: "WE
yesterday in the week-old cam- sors negc
Breaking Truce paign of the National Farmers Or- NFO spo
SEOUL, South Korea (}) - A ganization to boost milk prices. "real pro
SEOUL outh Konres fi A New outbreaks of violence, more way with
high North Korean press official dumping and guarded talk of neither u
defected at the Panmunjom truce negotiations highlighted develop- A bull
village yesterday and fled in a car ments in the milk holdback aimed near Lak
with a U.S. colonel as Communist at adding two cents a quart to 20,000 ga
at them. the price paid to producers, now on U.S. 4
tthm. Cn generally eight to 10 cents. There A blas
Lt. Col. Donald E. Thomson, i was no evidence of significant dynamite,
charge of the advance camp near price rises or shortages. milk tru
Panmunjom said a Communist More than 100 NFO members home of
guard at the final guard post 100 went to the State House in Tren- cock, in
yards south of the conference ton. They were accompanied by
building tried to stop his car con- wives and children waving pla- An Au
taing the defector but it crash- cards. The demonstrators contend- 40,000 po
ed t eough the barrie. ed the boycott was certain to make spoiled a
The defectdwasoehe officia an impact on consumers. kerosene.
North Korean Central News Federal Government Bloomin
Agency. He had come to cover the Philip Alampi, state secretary milk stor
Joint Military Armistice Commis- of agriculture. pointed out that with ker
sion meetings with other Com- the price is determined by the NFO r
must reporters. federal government, not New Jer-
Kidnaped
A North Korean broadcast as- Oren Lee Staley, NFO president,
serted Sookeun was kidnaped and said officials were going into nego-
demanded his return. It charged tiations with unidentified dairy-
that U.S. military police forced men.
him into the car. Christopher Walker of Mayetta,
The broadcast said this was
"part of the aggressive maneuversj
of the U.S. impereialists to under-
,mine the Korean armistice agree- IL E A II
ment, increase tension and ignite ~ II
a new war."
An hour before the joint armi- presents
stice meeting broke up, Sookeun
went to U.N. officials and said he:
intended to defect to South Korea,
a Korean source reported. Jean-Paul
As the meeting ended, Thom-
son brought his sedan to the en- Belmondo
trance oftheconference building.
To the amazement of about 50
Communist guards and newsmen, in
Sookeun came out and leaped into
the car. 3 A
Thomson said two Communist T H AT MAN
guards-they are allowed in the
compound along with U.N. guards
--tried to force their way into the FRO M RIO 14
car, where Sookeun was crouching
in the back seat. But the car sped
away and the guards on duty (Color; French with
opened fire. English subtitles)
Communist Guard
At the southern exit to the truce F R I DAY 7 and
grounds, a Communist guard tried
to block the way by lowering a and 9:15
bar across the road.
The bar struck "the front fen- SATURDAY 50c
ders and bounced, smashing the
windshield and then hit the top of
the car,"Thomson said. Thomson, AUD. A, ANGELL HALL
in the front seat, was cut slightly
by shattered glass. l. D. Required
Apparentlyno Communist bul-
lets hit the car.
national NFO director,
e have some big proces-
otiating with us." A state
kesman in Colorado said
omising" talks are under
h processing plants. But
went into detail.
et pierced a tank truck
.e Village, Ind., and about
llons of milk spilled out
1.
st, apparently caused by
ewrecked a 3,300-gallon
ck parked in front of the
the driver, Hugh Glas-
Chapel Hill. Tenn.
Destruction
stin, Minn., creamery said
ounds of milk had been
apparently by fuel oil or
Two farmers near
gton ,Ind., reported their
age tanks had been fouled
osene.
members dumped 20 gal-
Ions of milk in the street in front
of their national headquarters in
Corning, Iowa, as a crowd of 300
watched.
Staley made this comment on
rumors that the holdout would end
today. "There is no indication at
all that the farmers' determination
is slackened any."
The Cincinnati Milk Farmers,
Inc., which represents individual
farmers in Ohio, Indiana and Ken-
tucky, asked the U.S. District
Court in Cincinnati for an injunc-
tion to prevent. the NFO from
interfering with shipments to deal-
ers.
The suit also asked damages, al-
leging losses of $25,000 a day since
the NFO drive started March 15.
An attorney for Nashville Milk
Producers, Inc. said the organiza-
tion plans to seek $1 million in
damages because of vandalism.
te House Marks
ost Milk Prices
.!
#iillel
SABBATH SERVICE
FRIDAY at 7:15 P.M.
Dr. Herman Jacobs
will review
Blood Accusation
MONTGOMERY, Ala.
(M) -A $Idistricts
were
named in
federal court yesterday ordered the
desegration of all Alabama schools
not already under court order and,
in an unprecedented move, laid
the burden of enforcement on the
state itself.
The three-judge court in its un-
animous ruling ordered the state
to require affected school systems
to submit desegregation plans for
the 1967-68 term.
Ninety-nine of the 118 school
sweeping decree-the first to call
for statewide, state-enforced school
desegregation.
Gov. Lurleen Wallace and state
education officials were ordered
to "take affirmative action to dis-
establish all state-enforced or en-
couraged public school segrega-
tion."
Mrs. Wallace declined comment
pending official notification of the
ruling. Her husband, George C.
World News Roundup
Wallace, whom she succeeded, has
long fought against integration
and said last year he might in-
voke the state police power to un-
do faculty integration in two
counties.
Ed Dannelly of Andalusia, a
State Board of Education member,
said, "The Department of Health,
Education and Welfare is out of
it now. We'll be dealing with a
federal judge and not with some
wishy-washy outfit in Washington.
We'll be knowing what we're doing
and not be subject to changes in
policies and guidelines."
No Bureaucrats
Dannelly said the important
thing is that "now we'll be dealing
with judges and not a bunch of
bureaucrats. I think the whole
school system will be better off
under a federal judge who perhaps
can interpret the Civil Rights Act
of 1964."
Two local school officials said
they expected little effect from
the order on their free-choice
desegregation plans, which had not
resulted from court action.
by Maurice Samuel
and
The Fixer
by Bernard Malamud
Choir directed by Steven Ovitsky
Joan Spitzer, Organist
Hill Street All Welcome
t29
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON - Chairman
Mendel L. Rivers (D-S.C.) of the
House Armed Services Committee
said yesterday that if antidraft
student demonstrations continue,
"college deferments may become
a thing of the past."
Rep. Rivers, whose committee
will start hearings on a new draft
law next month, severely criticized
a demonstration Tuesday night at
Howard University.
A small group of Howard stu-
dents and hecklers forced Selec-
tive Service Director Lewis B. Her-
shey to cancel a speech he was
scheduled to deliver at Howard on
"the student and the draft."
* * *
SAIGON - The Communists'
burst of offensive operations and
American drives during the Guam
conference cost the enemy at least
829 dead, the U.S. Command said
yesterday. Whatever the reason,
heavy ground action had again
subsided.
American losses in the series of
fights Monday and Tuesday from
the border demilitarized zone to
the steamy jungles of War Zone
C-the stiffest pitched battles of!
the year-were listed as 78 killed,
303 wounded and three missing.
WASHINGTON - The use of
hallucinating drugs by American
college students may not be nearly
as widespread as many people ap-
pear to believe, a Brooklyn, N.Y.,
researcher reported yesterday.
Samuel Pearlman, Ph.D., of
Brooklyn College of the City Uni-
versity of New York said so in de-
scribing results of a survey of 2,270
seniors at his college as to whether
they had used any kind of drugs
during their undergraduate ca-
reers. He said it was the largest
study of its kind yet conducted.
Only 78 of the students-or 6.3
per cent-"admitted to drug use"
at any time, Pearlman told the
annual meeting of the American
Orthopsychiatric Association.
Aft
h
TONIGHT!
The University of Michigan
P Gilbert & Sullivan Society
Presents
P PATIENCE
March 23, 24, 25
Wed., Thurs. Performances ... ..... . $1.50
Fri., Sat. Performances ...... ....$2.50a
Sat. Matinee .... $1.50
Tickets on sale 9:00 to 5:00 Lydia Mendelssohn Box Office
KENNETH BOULDING
chairs a discussion o.n
i1
P
GUILD HOUSE
802 Monroe
Friday, March 24th
Noon Luncheon-25c
PROF. WILLIAM E. PORTER,
Department of Journalism:
"Mass Communications"
(A Series)
I
MICH IGAN
MEN'S
GLEE CLUB
SATURDAY, APRIL 1
BLOCK SALES
FR I DAY EVEN ING 6 P.M. j
INTERNATIONAL DINNER
(For Reservations, Phone 662-5189
Before 2:00 P.M. Thursday)
Experimental Movies-7:30 P.M
Q..Q.L r ' ~ I A -J ...I ...._ - 1 I ?'I t
I I
i11