Seventy-Sixth Year
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 22, 1967
NIGHT EDITOR: DAVID KNOKE
Cinema Guild and Faculty Support:
Relativism and Rationality
YESTERDAY'S ACTION by the Faculty
Senate's Civil Liberties Board asking
for -the "dismissal of the prosecution"
against four Cinema Guild leaders stands
out as the most intelligent move made
on campus since the beginning of the
"Flaming Creatures" affair. The Re-
gents, the administration and the stu-
dents all committed themselves in a per-
fectly predictable manner to a cause about
which they knew next to nothing.
The board, however, went to the trou-
ble of determining what the real nature
and motives of the Cinema Guild were.
Immediately after the incident, Hubert
Cohen and Ellen Frank, two of the de-
fendants, appeared before the board and
were questioned thoroughly. The board
wanted to know whether Cinema Guild
was "just a group of students trying to
cause trouble or an organization with ser-
ious educational and cultural goals in
mind." They found out, and they acted.
AT THE SAME TIME, however, two
members of the Civil Liberties Board,
acting as individuals, suggested that the
group not show an Andy Warhol film,
"Blow-Job," inoffensive in itself but with
a most provoking title. Student journal-
ists and activists raised the cry of "sell-
out" and "fink" against the faculty mem-
bers who made the suggestion, Profs.
Abraham Kaplan and Bradford Perkins.
What was obscured was the practical
nature of the suggestion, based on the
realities of working in a social-political
situation such as ours.
Prof. Kaplan's intention in asking that
the film not be shown was to avoid an-
tagonizing other community members in-
volved in the situation. "There was to
some degree a compromise of principle,"
he pointed out, "but it is the nature of
democracy that principles sometimes be
compromised." It is the authoritarian
person who will demand that the prin-
ciple be followed to the letter in face of
all opposition.
According to Kaplan, this attitude is
not justified in a democracy no matter
what the nature of the principle in-
volved. He pointed to the University of
California as an example of what hap-
pens when either side fails to consider the
other's point of view. The person most
responsible for the election of Ronald
Reagan as governor -was Mario Savio, his
opposite on the political spectrum.
Kaplan justifies this view on the
grounds of relativism and realism. Free-
doms are not absolutes, and to win them
requires that the students mature and
learn how to use their power and influ-
ence wisely. The existence of the power
of any group is a nebulous matter; the
power is there to be had by the students
if they act in accord with the conven-
tions of our campus society.
THIS VIEW is most reasonable. There
is very strong support to be had from
many quarters of campus if only the stu-
dents use the appropriate means. They
must not be carried away in the great
radical tradition of turmoil and unrest,
unless that unrest is necessary. The goal
is not to protest, the goal is to achieve
certain ends. To forget this is to desert
our cause.
On the question of relativism, however,
one point remains to be made. The stu-
dent movement must not be absolute in
any of its judgments, not even in the
decision not to be absolute. A time comes
when there is no recourse but violent pro-
test, and to fail to act at that time is a
far more serious crime than to act too
soon. Civil disobedience has played and
should continue to play a most important
role In our society.
The Cinema Guild case is not serious
enough, yet, to warrant the creation of
chaos on campus, but there are causes
on the international scene that are. Will
we act in time, or is it too late already?
Each person must decide for himself and
act accordingly.
-RONALD LANDSMAN
AFTER DEVOTING a weekend to interviewing Student
Government Council candidates it appears clear that
the outcome of today's election will make little sub-
stantive difference.
The militants want more action and less talk. The
moderates think more talk will bring more action.
Both it seems are fighting for similar ends-the right
for students here to rule their own lives.
But neither side is able to cope with the essential
problem which extends far beyond the rights of sopho-
more women to stay out all night or South Quad residents
to dress as they please at dinner.
FOR IT'S PRETTY hard to radicalize a campus of
sheep. As a reporter for the New York Times told his
editors when they rushed him to Ann Arbor to cover a
potential revolt here not long ago, "Don't worry, the
University of Michigan is a conservative place. The stu-
dents aren't going to do anything." Despite its revolu-
tionary pretension, the University is plugged into the
status quo on all circuits.
I am not really talking about the administration,
which has a vested interest in the status quo. After all,
one can hardly expect a University that gets over $50
million a year for government research to fight very hard
over turning in student class rankings to the Selective
Service.
Even when they do rebel, administrators are hardly
in a position to take action. Vice-President and Chief
Financial Officer Wilbur K. Pierpont is privately opposed
to current U.S. military policy in Vietnam. He has even
written Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara to that
effect. But one could hardly expect Mr. Pierpont to sac-
rifice personal dignity and register his protest by sitting
in at the Ann Arbor draft board.
NOR AM I REALLY talking about the faculty. After
all, they know where the salary for a good suburban life
and travel grants for conferences in Puerto Rico comes
from. "I wrote a letter to one of the reactionary Regents
and told him to stop intimidating the students over free
speech and press," one faculty member said the other day.
"Then I tore it up and threw it away."
Even when the faculty does stand up for the stu-
dents little usually happens. Witness the 35 faculty
members who weren't going to turn in grades last semes-
ter because they opposed ranking. They changed their
minds after the administration explained that it would
flunk the students who were ungraded.
The basic responsibility for the status quo orienta-
tion of the campus lies with the students. To begin with,
the vast majority aren't willing to do much more than
sign a petition for a bookstore. Most are unwilling to buy
books from a discount bookstore because it's too far to
walk.
Rich (average parental income is over $13,000) and
blessed with plenty of Lovin' Spoonful concerts, few stu-
dents are willing to get fired up about anyone beyond
themselves.
The students play academic ball with the University,
and stay out of trouble, knowing that they will have
plenty of good offers waiting for them at the placement
office.
Little of the academic message seems to come across.
Thoreau is something you talk about in history seminar.
All but a hard-core hundred shun effective civil disobed-
ience. And few are as radical as their counterparts of the
1930's who were willing to join the Spanish loyalists and
fight against Franco. About the best today's radicals can
do is run to Canada.
Of course there is a reason behind much of this
apathy. Many radicals here have fought the good fight
and lost. They have been jailed by local authorities and
harassed by the Selective Service. The University's con-
tribution has been to turn their names into the House
Un-American Activities Committee.
OBVIOUSLY THIS discourages potentital radicals
from joining the fight. One top Student Government
Council leader has given up politics for film-making.
Another leading activist has quit protesting in favor of
the bass guitar and a rock and roll band. Others have
given up the fight for marijuana and LSD.
The fact that the new left is getting old reflects a
general campus alienation from the political process.
Students don't have the time or the desire to get out
on the line for what they think is right. They have most
of what they want and if they're too young for an 'M'
parking sticker they can always sneak around that
someway.
The fact is that the student body is generally smug
and satisfied. All those cover stories about the genera-
tion-gap are a mirage,
Like their elders most students seem caught up in
the materialistic whirlwind on their way to the good life.
THE TRAGEDY IS not that students aren't angry
enough to try to stage a park-in protest on the Diag.
After all, college is only four years.
Rather this conservative campus is turniig out po-
litically apathetic, status-quo oriented graduates who
don't care about changing the world. They just want to
fit in.
Like the University, most students don't want to
change the world, they just want to perpetuate it.
Letters: The Morning After the Banana
To the Editor:
I AM WRITING in regard to ba-
nanas. First let me state that
I have nothing against people us-
ing chemicals to effect changes in
their consciousness. In this res-
pect, the discovery of a material
that is legal, inexpensive, mild,
psychedelic, and sold in supermar-
kets is welcome.
I would point out, however, that
reflective people ask something
more of a thing they put into their
bodies, namely that it be safe. Un-
fortunately, many of the most in-
teresting chemicals mankind has
found on the planet have disagree-
able side effects ranging from the
extremes of physical addiction or
destruction of the nervous system
to annoyances like hangovers and
dizziness.
Cocaine is particularly instruc-
tive in this respect. Physicians and
thrill-seekers alike considered it
a god-send when it first appeared;
now only a fool would use it regu-
larly.
OF COURSE, there are other
chemicals, marijuana among them,
that have been used for hundreds
of yiears without noticeably hor-
rible side effects. We can only
hope that bananas prove to be as
benign.
The fact that the Daily article
mentions morning-after sickness
indicates that they may not be.
I don't mean to be a drag, but
anyone who smokes bananas now
is experimenting with his health.
-Steve Arnold, Grad.
Correlation
To the Editor:
WE ARE CONCERNED over
Daily endorsement policies.
We do not feel all candidates were
judged on relevant criteria. We are
referring specifically to the Daily's
comments on Kay Stanbury, a
freshman candidate for SGC.
There is no absolute correlation
between being a freshman and be-
ing inexperienced. Kay has worked
closely with council all year, gain-
ing experience and ability. The
Daily commented, "We encourage
her to certainly seek election next
year." Why wait? We hope she is
elected NOW. We feel that actions
are better indicators of experience
than class standing.
-Merry Beth Clarke
Mary Lutskus
Ronna Smith
Guna Spacs
Misinterpretation
To the Editor:
THE DAILY has an unfortunate
habit of pulling quotes out of
context, and using them for the
editors' selvtive purposes. The
assertion of The Daily that I view
SGC in merely an advisory role is
inaccurate and superficial. I had
indicated that "SGC will be effec-
tive in an advisory role in some
areas, but that in other areas.
such as housing, sophomore hours
and the student bookstore, SGC
will have to take a strong, inde-
pendent stand."
The implication is that the new
President and vice-president of
academic affairs next year will
be receptive to well supported SGC
proposals. Other policies will be
rejected by the Regents, and here
SGC will have to act. I realize
that The Daily editors were tired
by the time of my interview, and
I hope their judgment will be
sharper next year.
-Mark Schreiber, '69
SGC Candidate
Draft Reform
To the Editor:
J AM WRITING in regard to the
recently proposed Selective
Service changes. In general, I feel
President Johnson's sugestions are
much better than the old system.
However, I would also like to make
the following suggestions:
1.) That women should also be
subject to the draft on an equal
basis with men and utilized for
the many noncombatant jobs in
the armed services. There is no
reason that half the population
of the United States should be au-
tomatically exempt from an obli-
gation to serve their country.
2.) That all deferments be eli-
minated including ones for under-
graduates and those studying for
the ministry but with the possible
exception of ones for those study-
ing to be doctors of medicine. The
feasibility of offering those select-
ed the option of serving immedi-
ately or after finishing their edu-
cation s h o u l d be considered
(though I think this would create
certain obvious unfairnesses, too).
I AGREE that younger persons
should be drafted first and should
be selected by a national lottery
system. Of course the preceding
suggestions assume that some sort
of compulsory service is necessary
(which is also debatable).
-Lester L. Sackett, Grad.
Middle-of-Road
To the Editor:
OThe responsible middle finds
Thomas Copi irresponsible and
unacceptable for the Presidency
of SGC. Therefore the Daily Sen-
iors ask us not to vote for Copi.
Wow.
-Robert Farrell, Grad.
Robert Carney, '67
Open Debate?
To the Editor:
IN THE interest of adding to the
current discussion of the Hart-
Ford incident in Rackham, I
would like to say that the action
of the chairman of the meeting
seems to bear out the students' ap-
praisal of the situation.
I do not believe that the spon-
sors of the event wanted open
discussion and that, in fact, the
OPINION
The Daily has begun accept-
ing articles from faculty, ad-
ministration, and students on
subjects of their choice. They
are to be 600-900 words in
length and should be submitted
to the Editorial Director.
chairman was censoring the ques-
tions.
I was sitting up front during the
question - answer period and,
while Senator aHrt was attempt-
ing to answer a question, the
chairman, who had been going
through the questions reading
them to himself, leaned over to
Congressman Ford to show him
one, whispering that it was on
Vietnam. Apparently Ford approv-
ed it, because the next question
was about Vietnam.
WAS THE chairman 'pre-censor-
ing the questions instead of ask-
ing them at random as ought to
happen in an open discussion? My
impression is that he was, and
having spent thought and time in
composing my own question for
Sen. Hart, I was upset at this cav-
alier treatment of audience ques-
tions.
I hope that in the future either
discussion will be open or the
chairman will be more discreet in
his censorship.
D. Gardner, '59
Vote, C ount
AT 21 voting booths across the
campus, YOU should be vot-
ing today for the candidates of
your choice. A significant voter
turn-out is fundamental to the
success of any election.
And after the election, students
are needed to help count ballots.
Tabulation begins at 7 p.m. in
the Student Government Council
office on the first floor of the Stu-
dent Activities Building. For the
taste of a campus election night
and to lend some much needed
help, YOU areu rged to come to
the SAB at 7.
-The Editorial Staff
i
4
3~
An Unwarranted Decision
IT WAS A BLACK Monday for civil liber-
ties as the Supreme Court raised the
spectre of a reign of unreasonable search-
es, seizures and arrests based upon un-
challengeable hearsay evidence. In the
McCray case, the court held that the po-
lice could make an arrest based on a tip
from an unidentified source, search the
arrested person without a warrant and
use the evidence thus obtained to con-
vict him-all without disclosing the iden-
tity of the tipster who initiated the proc-
ess.
The McCray decision is ominous for it
appears to seriously undermine the land-
mark Mapp decision of 1961 which ap-
plied the provisions of the Fourth Amend-
ment to state courts. Thus searches can
only be made with a search warrant,
"particularly describing the place to be
searched" or incident to an arrest based
upon "probable cause." By broadening
the definition of "probable cause" to in-
clude tips from unidentified informants
and thus giving the police much greater
latitude in making arrests and obtain-
Ing evidence, Monday's decision emascu-
lates the intent of the Fourth Amend-
ment guarantees.
The dangers to personal liberty by in-
creasing police ,power in these areas are
acute. Police can now justify an arrest
based upon a tipster by indicating that
the tipster has been reliable in the past.
After McCray the courts are obligated to
accept only the word of the police that
there ever was an informant.
There would be no legal check to pre-
vent the police from conducting a search
which they otherwise could not have
made, by merely conjuring up an inform-
ant and haking the search "incident to
arrest." There would also be no legal
check to prevent police from practicing
such harrassing tactics as making an ar-
rest, conducting a search "incident to ar-
rent," and if no evidence indicating the
commission of a crime turns up, then
releasing the arrested person, mixing
apology with imprecations against an
imaginary tipster.
IN A DEMOCRATIC society there are few
events more horrifying than false ar-
rest. The costs of such an arrest trans-
cend the temporal problems of legal fees,
psychological shock, financial loss and in-
jury to reputation. For in our centraliz-
ed society a false arrest must be explain-
ed away for the rest of one's life.
For example, the standard Civil Serv-
ice form for federal employment, Form
57, asks, "Have you ever been arrested,
charged, or convicted?" Furthermore, it
appears that the possibility of suing for
false arrest, rarely a satisfactory antidote
to police abuse, would be absent in cases
falling under the McCray doctrine. For
hereafter the police could always justify
their actions by pointing to the past re-
liability of the unseen and unchallenged
informant.
Monday's decision has implications for
the future of the Supreme Court that go
far beyond the bounds of the McCray
decision. The decision reflected a recent
conservative tone in the court's rulings on
criminal law which are in response to the
continual outcry that the court's deci-
sions have unduly handcuffed the po-
lice.
This is evident in the court's decision,
written by Justice Potter -Stewart, which
reasoned that a contrary opinion would
"severely hamper the government" in en-
forcing the narcotics laws, by forcing the
police to reveal the name of an informer
each time they justified an arrest in,
court.
FOCUSING ON LIBERAL court decisions
as the cause of the crime problem
is a facile way for the public to avoid
paying the financial price for first-rate
law enforcement. The greatest antidote
to crime is larger and more efficiently
trained, mobilized and equipped police.
Adam Clayton Dodd
The Uncertain Outlook for the A merican Economy
By WARREN L. SMITH
In yesterday's article, the
author began his assessment of
the U.S. economy by reviewing
selected economic developments
over the past six years. He con-
cluded with the Economic Re-
port of the President for 1967,
which was the basis for the
President's request for a 6 per
cent surcharge on personal and
corporate income tax liabilities.
Last of a Two-part Series
SINCE the publication of the
Economic Report, further in-
dications of weakness in the econ-
omy have made their appearance.
Perhaps the most ominous sign is
the high rate of inventory accu-
mulation. The increase in non-
farm inventories amounted to
$17.5 billion in the fourth quarter
-nearly $2 billion above the pre-
liminary figure given in the Econ-
omic Report. With inventory
stocks rising more rapidly than
sales. some reduction in produc-
tion relative to sales 'can be ex-
pected as a means of bringing in-
ventories back into line.
This is the kind of process that
decline.
At the very least, however, some
decline in the rate of- inventory
investment below recent levels
can be expected, and this will slow
down the expansion.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION as
measured by the Federal Reserve
index did decline noticeably in
January after having leveled off in
October. But while the index is
adjusted for normal seasonal vari-
ation, its behavior in January may
have been influenced by exception-
ally severe winter weather.
Automobile sales have fallen
quite sharply in recent weeks, but
the effect of this on general econ-
omic activity depends upon wheth-
er it constitutes a decline in total
consumer spending or merely a
shift in the pattern of spending
away from automobiles and to-
ward other goods or services.
New factory orders have been
declining, particularly for durable
goods, and backlogs of unfilled
signs. Personal income registered
an unusually large increase in
January, which should serve to
sustain consumer demand and re-
tail sales. The easing of credit that
has occurred since last fall seems
already to have had a strong
stimulative effect on housing con-
struction. Housing starts have
been rising steadily and in Janu-
ary were 47 per cent above the low
of last October.
In the last couple of weeks,
several measures have been taken
to stimulate the economy. The
most dramatic is the President's
request to Congress last week for
immediate restoration of the 7 per
cent tax credit for business ex-
penditures for machinery and
equipment. The legislation which
suspended the credit last fall pro-
vided for its restoration on Janu-
ary 1, 1968.
But a government survey of
busines investment plans for 1967,
released last week, indicates a
more marked slowdown in business
ment securities in the open mark-
et, thereby giving a further down-
ward thrust to interest rates.
The Administration has taken
further steps to spur homebuilding
through increased government-
agency purchases of mortgages
and has rescinded a portion of the
cutback in Federal highway spend-
ing that was put into effect as an
anti-inflationary measure last
November.
Clearly the balance of forces is
such that the immediate outlook
is quite uncertain. My own guess
is the expansionary forces will be
strong enough to enable downturn
into recession.
It is apparent, however, that
the rate of expansion has already
slowed down substantially. Since
GNP, valued at constant prices,
must rise at a rate of about 4 per
cent per year to hold the unem-
ployment rate constant, it seems
certain that this rate will rise
above the January level of 3.7 per
cent in the coming months.
about the outlook, it would be un-
wise at this time for Congress to
pass a tax increase effective July
1, as proposed by the President.
Indeed, if my somewhat shaky op-
timism should prove to be un-
warranted and the economy should
head into a recession, a tax cut
rather than a tax increase would
be appropriate.
If a recession should occur, it
would be impracticable for the
Federal Reserve to adopt a truly
vigorous easy monetary policy as
it did in the recessions of the
1950's. The reason is that the
sharp decline in interest rates that
would result from such a policy
would lead to an outflow of capital
from the country thereby severely
worsening our still precarious bal-
ance-of-payments position.
Thus, tax reduction is the only
effective and quick-acting weapon
available to deal with a recession
under present conditions. Indeed
our present uncertain economic
situation points up the vital im-
portance of measures to increase
the flexibility of personal income
tax rates.
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