FRIDAY, MARCH 25, x:966
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
PAGE THU
FRIDY, MRCH25, 966 ~lEMICHGAN AI1
a-n a ra n n.
R
Supreme
Court
Decides
DIPLOMATS INDICATE:
Soviet-Chinese Hostilities
Virginia Lw
Struck Down
By 6=3 Vote
Majority Maintains
Such Statutes Violate
14th Amendment
WASHINGTON (R) - The Su-
M preme Court killed Virginia's poll
tax yesterday and said such taxes
anywhere are an unconstitutional
burden on the right to vote.
"We conclude that a state vio-
lates the equal protection clause
of the 14th Amendment when-
ever it makes the affluence of the
voter or payment of any fee an
electoral standard," Justice Wil-
liam O. Douglas said an announc-
ing the court's 6-3 decision.
The decision was accompanied
by two dissenting opinions, one
by Justice Hugo L. Black and the
other by Justice John M. Harlan,
with Justice Potter Stewart join-
ing him.
Black said he agrees with the
majority in "disliking the policy of
the poll tax" but does not find
this a justifiable reason to hold
the poll tax unconstitutional.
"Such a holding on my part
would, in my judgment, be an exer-
cise of power which the Constitu-
tion does not confer upon me,"
he 'said.
The majority relied entirely up-
on the 14th Amendment, which
bars states from depriving any
person of life, liberty or property
without due process of law.
"There is no constitutional sup-
port whatever," Black said, "for
this court to use the due process
clause as though it provided a
blank check to alter the meaning
of the Constitution."
Tax-
Unlstitut
r,
l Unlikel
MOSCOW (P) -- The hostility
between the Soviet and Chinese
Communists reflects a clash of
national interests but is unlike-
ly to lead to a break in diplomatic
ilrelations,diplomatic sources said
These informants said the latest
statements from both sides showed
o L p tothat Communist ideology is a mi-
nor part of the dispute between
Moscow and Peking.
dTCa neSoviet charges were made in a
Tprivately circulated letter for
Communists that leaked out. It
said the Chinese were determined
Suharto Needs -Plan to worsen relations, were provok-
To Restore Sagging ing border conflicts and were try-
ing to push the Russians into a
Indonesian Economy war with the United States.
Reject Invitation
JAKARTA, Indonesia ()-Pres- In rejecting an invitation to
ident Sukarno apparently stood the Soviet Communist party con-
firm yesterday against the ap- gress the Chinese replied that the
pointment of a new anti-Commu- Kremlin was tring to line up other
nist cabinet. Communist parties in opposing
While Sukarno has been shorn China, was spreading false stories
of all real power, the government about Chinese obstruction of Sov-
of Indonesian strong man Lt. Gen. iet aid to Viet Nam, and was try-
Suharto still wants his assent for ing to sell out the Viet Nam Com-
important decisions. munists in a Soviet-American
Suharto has respected Sukarno's scheme to dominate the world.
constitutional position as chief of These are nationalistic issues'
state and officially maintains that rather than debating points about
the new regime is acting under ;who is a purer marxist, the diplo-
maining between the two coun-1
tries and the need to coexist
along a 4,500-mile border.
State relations have, however,
been cooling in recent years.
The Chinese recently charged
that the Russians have taken a
leaf out of the American foreign
policy book of two decades ago..
Just as Washington tried to con-
tain a Russia which seemed then
to be pushing aggressively out-
ward, so now the Russians are'
trying to contain China, the Chi-
nese assert.
Twice in the last year the two
countries have exchanged nasty
To Lead to Break
notes. One was over Chinese stu-
dents injured in a demonstration
in Moscow. The other was a Sov-
iet charge that China was ob-
structing arms for Hanoi.
China was joined in its refusal
to attend the congress by Albania
--its only ally in Europe. Pro-
Peking North Korea and the Japa-
nese party may follow suit, but
most other nations will be repre-
sented.
North Viet Nam, caught in the
middle because of its dependence
on Soviet and Chinese arms, an-
nounced in January it would send
a delegation.
Hamlet Battle Brings
War Close to Saigon
br
st
C
th
Tt
ix
-Associated Press
SHOWN SIGNING AN AGREEMENT to work for Christian unity are Dr. Michael Ramsey, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, right, and Pope Paul VI. The declaration commits both Primates to a program
of specific contacts and collaboration aimed toward unity. Shown at left is Archbishop Dell'Accqua,
the substitute Vatican Secretary of State.
Religious Leaders Sign Unity
Resolution Despite Dissentions
ROME (M)-The Archbishop of
Canterbury ended his historic
Christian unity visit to Pope Paul
VI with a parting complaint yes-
terday that Roman Catholic con-
cessions on mixed marriages are
inadequate.
He told newsmen that he had
expressed Protestant dissatisfac-
tion with the Church's adjusted
stand on mixed marriage to the
Pope himself.
"Anglicans seek full equality be-
tween both spouses in a mixed
marriage and ask that the children
have the right to choose their re-
ligion for themselves," he said.
Archbishop Michael Ramseyr
leader of the world's Anglican!
communion, made the statement
at a news conference after he and J
Pope Paul had prayed together and1
signed an unprecedented joint dec-
laration committing their church-I
es to work together for unity. 1
They pledged to inaugurate "be-
tween the Roman Catholic ChurchI
Christ prayed."
"The dialogue should include not
only theological matters such as
scripture, tradition and liturgy, but
also matters of practical difficulty
felt on either side," the declara-
tion said.
Dr. Ramsey said a joint com-
mission, made up of members of
the Roman Catholic and Anglican
hierarchies, would be formed to
put the program into action. The
the president's orders.
No Decision
Sukarno met with the Presidium
of civilian and military leaders
without reaching any agreement
on the composition of the cabinet
the new regine has been trying
to form for four days.
Unless the new regime acts
soon, the anti-Communist students
may again take to the streets in
demonstrations. They are the ones
who toppled Sukarno's old cabinet
largely made up of Communists or
pro-Communists.
Parliament Demands
Parliament met and demanded
that the new government sack
all members of the now-dissolved
Indonesian Communist party and
its sympathizers from government
and from missions'abroad.
The members also supported Su-
harto's decision to detain 15 pro-
Communist members of the old
cabinet, including the first deputy
premier and foreign minister, Sub-
andrio.
The Catholics urged a foreign
policy "independent and active and
guided by national interests." This
was an attack on Subandrio's pro-
Red Chinese policy.
Moslem Support
The powerful Moslem Nahdatul
Ulama party and theCatholic
party issued statements in sup-
port of Suharto. The Moslems
called for a crackdown on graft
and corruption and urged the gov-
ernment to seek foreign aid with-
out strings attached.
Islamic members of the lower
house urged Suharto to restore to
Parliament "its real authority and
function." It had been converted
into a rubber stamp by Sukarno.
mats noted. The issues reflect dif- r
ferent needs of the Soviet Union a
and China.
The Soviet Union is moving into
industrial maturity and slowly in- cl
creasing consumer comfort, be- ro
coming a "have" nation with in- ca
terests to protect. Red China is w
fighting failure in economic and
foreign policy, struggling along as
a 'have-not" nation that wants
to gain from others' troubles.
National Differences
These national differences would
have been more easily recognized
in the past, diplomats suggested,
if it had not been for the common
emotional bond of communism.
Now that bond has broken, ex-
posing the nationalist differences.,
But despite this, the observer
said, a break in purely formal state
relations is unlikely. Among the
reasons are the large trade re-
SAIGON (A)-A hamlet battle
sought the war to Saigon's door-
ep again last night with a Viet
ong assault on Tan Phu, less
an two miles from the capital's
an Son Nhut airport.
A military spokesman said the
aiders attacked with grenades
nd small arms. There was no re-
ort of casualties on either side.
Announcements yesterday dis-
osed South Vietnamese losses
ose last week while the Ameri-
an combat toll declined, along
ith that of the Communists.
UAC-CREATIVE ARTS FESTIVAL
presents
RALPH SHAPEY
and the
University of Chicago Contemporary Chamber Players
New direction in classical music performed by one
of the world's foremost conductors and composers
SATURDAY-March 26, 8:30 P.M.
Union Ballroom FREE
The U.S. military command said
80 Americans were killed, 81C
wounded and 17 missing or cap-
tured, against 100 killed, 808
wounded and eight missing or cap-
tured in the week of March 6-12.
The American death roll through-
out the war rose to 2,186.
South Viet Nam's armed forces
lost 232 killed and 73 missing.
That compared with 131 killed and
97 missing the previous week.
Communist losses reported by
the allies were 627 gilled and 59
captured, against 1,224 killed and
106 captured March 6-12.
"Property and poll
cations, very simply,
tax qualifi-
are not in
accord with current egalitarian
notions of how a modern demo-
cracy should be organized," Har-
lan said.
"It is, of course, entirely fitting
that legislatures should modify the
law to reflect such changes in
popular attitudes.
"However, it is all wrong, in
my view, for the court to adopt
the political doctrines popularly
accepted at a particular moment
of our history and to declare all
others to be irrational and in-
vidious."
At the heart of the ruling strik-
ing down the Virginia poll taxi-
and by application the use of poll
taxes as a voting condition in
Texas, Mississippi and Alabama
--is the view that it is a form of
economic discrimination. There
was only passing reference to race.
Douglas acknowledged t h a t
states are given authority by the
Constitution to fix voter qualifi-
cations. But they may not impose
standards "which invidiously dis-
criminate," he said.
"To introduce wealth or pay-
ment of a fee as a measure of a
voter's qualifications is to intro-
duce a capricious or irrelevant
factor," Douglas said.
"In this concept-that is, as a
condition of obtaining a ballot-
the requirement of fee paying
causes an invidious' discrimina-
tion that runs afoul of the equal
protection clause."
Douglas also acknowledged the
head tax is an old and familiar
form of taxation and "we see
nothing to impair its validity so
long as it is not made a condition
to the exercise of the franchise."
The 24th Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution outlaws use of a poll
tax in federal elections but says
nothing about its use in state and
local elections and the levy sur-
vived in the four Southern states.
and the Anglican Communion a commission will study such prac-
serious dialogue" that "may lead tical issues as mixed marriages
to that unity in truth for which and doctrinal differences.
World News Roundup j
ATHENS, Greece-Greece has
decided to boycott next week's
North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion meeting in Ankara, Turkey
authoritative sources said yester-
day.
The sources said the decision
had been taken due to the "un-
Justified, prolonged" absence from
Athens of Turkish Ambassador
Turan Tului.
* * *
ST. LOUIS - McDonnell Air-,
craft Corp. announced yesterday
it has developed a warning device
that can eliminate collisions of
airplanes.
The device provides a 60-second
warning to airplanes converging at
speeds of up to four times the
speed of sound, and it even tells
the pilots what evasive action to
take to avoid a collision, a Mc-
Donnell spokesman said.
McDonnell is the firm that
builds the Gemini spacecraft.
The device is called EROS for
"Eliminate Range Zero System."
It gives collision warning to air-
planes one and a half miles apart.
* *~ *
NEW DELHI, India-The Unit-
ed States has called on the So-
viet Union and Mongolia to per-
suade North Viet Nam to accept
the U.S. offer of unconditional
negotiations for restoration of
peace in Southeast Asia.
U.S. Ambassador Charles W
Yost, addressing the UN Econom-
ic Commission for Asia and the,
Far East -- ECAFE - yesterday
challenged delegates from the So-
viet Union and Mongolia afterc
they had 'made anti-Americani
speeches.I
"If the Soviet Union and Mon-
golia are genuinely interested in1
restoring peace to Southeast Asia,'
Yost said, "let them join in per-
suading their friends to accept the
offer of unconditional terms which
my government has repeatedly
made and which so many states,
aligned and nonaligned, have sup-
ported.
SPEAKING MONDAY NIGHT
8:00 P.M.-Mutipurpose Room, UGLI
RABBI BALFOUR BRICKNER
on
"Confronting the Moral-Changes
of Our Present Society"
University Lecture in the Series
sponsored by The University of Michigan,
Office of Religious Affairs
i
U
I/i//el
Author, radio host, and lecturer,
Rabbi Brickner is currently Di-
rector of the National Commis-
sion on Interfaith Activities for
the Union of American Hebrew
Congregations, and Associate Di-
rector of the National Commis-
sion on Social Action of Reform
Judaism.
PROF. LEO W. SCHWARZ
H ILLEL SCHOLAR-IN-RESIDENCE
Concludes his local program
TON IGHT
FRIDAY, MARCH 25 at SABBATH SERVICE
speaking on
"CULTURAL VALUES AND JEWISH IDENTITY"
Hillel Choir, directed by Michael Robbins
Cantor, John Planer Organist, Joan Temkin
ALL ARE WELCOME The Hour is 7:15 P.M.
Zwerdling-Cohn Chapel 1429 Hill Street
_ ___------
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
MEN'S GLEE CLUB
TONIGHT at 7 an~d 9
FEDERICO FELLI NI'S
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11,
Saturday, April 2... 8:30 P.M.
the
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PRIME MOVERS
(all of them)
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IN CONCERT
TONIGHT!
(Their final performance before their Eastern tour)
"You meet the nicest people in a trash can"
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