i SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 2965
THE MICHIGAN DAILY
PAGE THREE
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1965 TINE MICHIGAN DAILY PA(~ TW1?VU~
i. l7urj x "iLC.x
is
Change
in Pravda Editors
Reflects
Kremlin
Strife
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press Special Correspondent
Pravda has a new editor, and
despite Russian explanations of
the changes, this hints at some
sort of policy crisis inside the
Kremlin.. It is difficult to separ-
ate the development from the
Ssigns of. tug and pull between
conservative Communists who re-
sist the reform-minded party
members.
There seems to be uncertainty,
at the top of the Soviet political
ladder.
The Soviet party opens an im-
portant Central Committee meet-
ing Monday. This is supposed to
be concerned primarily with eco-
nomic affairs, but in the U.S.S.R.,
these affairs tend to become en-
meshed with foreign policy, so-
cial and cultural problems.
Tug-of-War
The retiring editor of Pravda,
Alexei M. Rumyantsev, became
involved in manifestations of the
liberal - conservative tug-of-war.
He championed the reformers.
Informed -sources now say Ru-
myantsev has been replaced as
Pravda's editor in chief by Dep-
uty Foreign Minister Mikhail Si-
myanin. They say Rumyantsev
had a heart attack and will take
an Academy of Sciences job.
This still is an odd coincidence.
Less than two weeks ago Rumy-
antsev published a long and prom-
inently displayed article in Prav-
da defending the rights of the
so-called liberal writers to more
freedom of expression. He chided
other papers, including the gov-
ernment organ Izvestia. He call-
ed its attitude toward writers dic-
tatorial, an outlook he said could
"bring no benefit" to the Soviet
leadership.
Key Position
The editorship is highly im-
portant since Pravda speaks for
the ruling party. Often even the
Foreign Office gets its line from
Pravda editorials.
The experience of Soviet writers
in the Khrushchev era has been
that they enjoyed more freedom
at times when the Kremlin 'was
relaxed and confident, and crack-
downs in times of strain at the
top. For example, one literary thaw
suddenly froze again w h e n
Khrushchev got into difficulties
over his backdown in the Cuban
missile crisis showdown of 1962.
Thaws and crackdowns seemed
to occur almost in predictable cy-
cles. Their relationship to prob-
lems at the top often could be
connected with division of opin-
ion in the party Presidium. In
times of stress, the conservatives
who influenced popular opinion-
and the entrenched bureaucrats
with their futures at stake-seem-
ed tighter.
The Kremlin has been having
its troubles. The dispute with Red
China has deepened to the extent
where Peking predicts the "ig-
nominious fall" of the present re-
gime, as it once predicted for Ni-
kita Khrushchev.
The dangers inherent in Asian
crises over Viet Nam and Kash-
mir have increased strains. The
Kremlin feels pressure from the
conservatives, and probably from
the military, whose leaders' de-
mand that the needs of the arm- may play a
ed forces take precedence over j These rules
such things as consumer goods congress, 25
part in new strains.
provide that at each
per cent of all mem-
and standards of living.
Uncertainty is reflected by lack
of a new Communist party con-
gress. The congress of about 5000
delegates representing the 12 mil-
lion party members is supposed
by statute to meet every four
years. The deadline for calling a
meeting on time has passed with-
out any mention of it.
The last congress, the 22nd in
1961, adopted rules which now
bers in all party bodies, top to
bottom, be replaced.
Under the rules, Presidium
members may serve no more than
three consecutive terms. Khrush-
chev left one qualification: mem-
bers with "special abilities" could
be retained. But even at that, ap-
plication of the rule now would
require a shakeup involving dif-
ferences of opinion about who
makes up the 25 per cent to be
removed.
Soviets
Present
New
To
Control
Nuclear
Senate OK'S
Anti-Poverty
Le islation
Republicans Charge
1.7 Billion Dollar Bill
Corrupted by Politics
WASHINGTON ()-Overriding
Republican protests that poverty
is being mixed with politics, the
Senate followed the House yester-
day in authorizing $1.7 billion for
the second year of President John-
son's anti-poverty program.
The measure now goes to John-
son, who may trim the figure
back toward the $1.5 billion he
originally requested when he asks
Congress for the actual caslt
The Senate voted 46-22 for the
bill after listening to several GOP
members charge the program is
riddled with politics and misman-
agement, after only one year in
operation.
Political Struggles
Sen. George Murphy (R-Calif)
said that in many cities, includ-
ing Los Angeles, Chicago, New
York, Cleveland, Omaha, and Al-
bany, the program "has been em-
broiled in political power strug-
gles unmatched in intensity in
recent years."
Sen. Winston L. Prouty (R-Vt)
tried unsuccessfully to include in
the bill a clause applying the
Hatch Act to Community Action
and VISTA-Volunteers in Service
to America-projects.
The Hatch Act forbids political
activity by federal employes. The
provision sponsored by Prouty
would have brought under its ban
officials in the two types of proj-
ects whose salaries are paid in
large measure with federal money.
Concede Imperfections
Democrats conceded there are
imperfections in the program but
they contended it has been ef-
fective in helping 25 million low-
income Americans.
One Republican, Sen. Jacob K.
Javits of New York, said there
have been instances of improvi-
dence, misuse, foolishness and stu-
pidity-even dishonesty-in the
program, but he said: "The weight
of evidence so far is in favor of
continuing this noble effort."
He said it was a mistake to
strike out the Hatch Act provision.
One big fight over the bill was
settled when Senate-House con-
ferees decided to let state gover-
nors veto three major types of
projects, but then gave the ad-
ministrator of the Office of Eco-
nomic Opportunity, Sargent Shriv-
er, power to override their vetoes.
The three programs are Com-
munity A' c t i o n, Neighborhood
Youth Corps, and adult educa-
tion.
The bill's $1.7 billion money
allowance is more than double the
$793 million voted for the first
year's operations of what John-
son calls his "war on poverty."
Plan
P act Would
Block NATO
Nuclear MLF
Gromyko Assails
American-Backed
Geneva Proposal
UNITED NATIONS (P) - The
Soviet Union yesterday proposed
a new treaty that would prohibit
the spread of nuclear weapons to
SAIGON (W) - Artillery and near Bon Son, American planners effect" and "providing a satura-
planes repelled a Viet Cong at- said they foresee the day when tion of Viet Cong strongpoints
tack staged by 1000 to 1500 men the highly mobile "Flying Horse- and redoubts which could not be
about 300 miles north of Saigon men," using their helicopters, will reached in any other way." Lodge
yesterday, a U.S. military spokes- react quickly to such large-scale made his comments in a Mutual
man reported. He said the Viet Viet Cong attacks. Broadcasting System radio inter-
Cong suffered heavy losses in the Repeat Pattern view.
attack, the first big Communist The Communist attack was the Elsewhere in Viet Nam:
thrust in weeks. first guerrilla action in regimen- -A company of troops from the
Vietnamese army sources claim- i tal strength since U.S. Marines U.S. 1st Infantry Division com-
ed 600 Viet Cong were killed in launched an assault on the Van pleted its assault yesterday against
the fighting, which raged around Tuong peninsula Aug. 18, caught a Viet Cong bunker system in the
the district town of Bong Son. the Viet Cong napping and killed Bien Hoa area, 40 miles northwest
Vietnamese losses were described about 600 of them. The new attack of Saigon and forced the last of
as "moderate." There was no U.S. repeated a familiar Communist the Viet Cong from the entrench-
confirmation of the high Com- pattern-a lull, then a strong at- ments into the jungle. Twelve
munist casualty figure claimed by tack. Americans were wounded.
the Vietnamese. In the air war, U.S. planes flew -U.S. Marines protecting vil-
The only .U.S. forces involved 317 strikes against suspected Com- lagers harvesting a rice crop near
in the fighting were planes. munist strongholds in South Viet Da Nang, 380 miles north of Sai-
The Viet Cong launched the Nam while more than 100 aircraft gon, suffered light casualties when
attack in regimental strength - blasted highways, barges, barracks a patrol touched an enemy gre-
normally 1000 to 1500 men - and storage areas- in North Viet nade on a fence, a Marine spokes-
Thursday night in the jungle hi:-. Nam. Military authorities said 14 man said.
north of Qui Nhon and in early carrier-based Navy planes also -Vietnamese police sources said
fighting overran government out- bombed bridges in North Viet the French vice-consul in Saigon,
)posts at Phu and Phu My with Nam. Bean Bion, 41, has been missing
mortars. A Vietnamese unit en Guam-based B52 bombers blast- for four days and is believed to
route to one of the smashed posts ed a suspected Viet Cong hide- have been kidnaped by the. Viet
was ambushed by the guerrillas. out today in a northern coastal Cong. Informants said six men
58 Sorties province 325 miles north of Sai- stopped a bus near Pleiku, 250
A U.S. spokesman said U.S. and gon, a U.S. military spokesman re- miles north of Saigon, on Tuesday
Vietnamese planes flew 58 sor- ported. night and took Bion captive.
ties during the action and pilots It was the 32nd raid of the war_--
in spotter planes reported Viet by the giant eight-engine bomb-'
Cong bodies could be seen in the ers. The 31st was made Friday on
foothills. A U.S. Air Force F-100 a Viet ,Cong jungle fortificationj*
was shot down north of Bong Son known as the "Iron Triangle"20I
but the pilot ejected and was pick- miles north of Saigon.
ed up by helicopter. In ground action Friday, artil-
The fighting, along a 20-mile lery and planes repelled an at-
front, was in an area about 35 tack by 1,000 to 1,500 guerrillas
miles northeast of the U.S. Army about 300 miles north of Saigon. - 7X35 CF
1st Cavalry Division, Airmobile, A U.S. spokesman said the Viet ~ COATED
camp at An Khe. U.S. forces there Cong had suffered heavy losses
were alerted after the first Red in the first big Communist thrust BINOC ULAR
thrusts near Bong Son and para- in weeks. Complete with Genuine Leather Case
troopers of the 1st Cavalry, re- In Saigon, U.S. Ambassador
porting probes against- U.S. posi- Heniy Cabot Lodge, in an appar-
tions Thursday night, said they ent reply to critics who contend
f killed seven Viet Cong. the B-52 strikes are not effective,
Although no U.S. ground forces said the attacks by the giant
were committed in the fighting bombers "are having a very good
Vietnamese Sources List 600
Viet Cong Dead in Latest Battle
-Associated Press
RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR ANDREI A. GROMYKO, above, blasted a United States backed treaty
in a speech at the United Nations yesterday. As an alternative, Gromyko proposed a treaty which would
block formation of the West's multilateral nuclear force.
TO DRAFT NEW TREATY:
JohnsonEndsControversial
Canal Pact of
WASHINGTON OP) - President
Johnson announced yesterday a
decision to scrap the controver-
sial Panama Canal treaty of 1903
and draft a new one offering
Panama a share in management
and profits of the waterway and
other benefits.
The President said successful
preliminary negotiations with
Panama-which began after anti-
U.S. riots in January 1964 brought
death to 21 Panamanians and
four U.S. soldiers-show nations
can solve their differences "hon-
orably and reasonably, without
violence and conflict."
In addition to a share of man-
agement, Johnson said it has been
agreed that "the new treaty will
effectively recognize Panama's
sovereignty over the area of the
present Canal Zone." This has
long been a sore point in Panama.
Hints Preference
In addition, the statement hint-
ed strongly that Panama is in a
position of preference as the site
for a proposed new sea-level canal
the United States government
proposes to build somewhere in
middle America. Administration
officials outside the White House
said this interpretation is correct.
As Johnson spoke before tele-
vision cameras and reporters at
the White House, Panama's Presi-
dent Marco A. Robles was making
a similar nationwide broadcast to
the people of his country.
Attacks Pact
Rep. Leonard K. Sullivan (D-
Mo), chairman of a House sub-
committee on Panama Canalk af-
fairs, told a reporter the pre-
liminary agreement is "one of the
most foolish, unnecessary and
saddest things which could be
done. I don't want to add fuel to
the fire of controversy long sur-
rounding our relations with Pana-
ma, but the benefits of such an
arrangement will serve only to
give prestige to the government
in power, and profits to the pri-
vileged families which run Pan-
ama."
The President expressed pride
in the work of two special am-
bassadors on the U.S. negotiating
team, Robert Anderson, who was
secretary of the Treasury under
President Dwight D. Eisenhower,
and John N. Irwin.
Johnson said the new agreement
with Panama "will provide for the
defense of the existing canal and
any sea-level canal which may be
constructed in Panama."
Study Routes
Johnson added the United States
will make studies "of possible
routes for a sea-level canal in
Panama." He did not mention that
two sites outside Panama-one
across Nicaragua and a corner of
Costa Rica, and another in Co-
lombia-also have been suggested
for study.
U.S. officials said they are look-
ing first to Panama for a possible
site. Either of two proposed routes
in Panama-one of the present
canal itself-would be shorter
than those outside Panama.
A new canal administrative
agency would be created under
the plan announced by Johnson.
Currently, the Panama Canal Co.,
a U.S. governmental enterprise
directed by the Defense Depart-
ment, operates both the canal and
the Canal Zone government.
A new treaty, Johnson said,
would terminate after a specified
number of years, or about the time
the new sea-level canal is opened.
"A primary objective of the new
treaty will be to provide for an
appropriate political, economic and
social integration of the area used
in the canal operation with the
rest of the Republic of Panama.''
Details Vague
Administration officials said de-
tails on this and other aspects
of the proposed new arrangement
were not spelled out in the John-
son announcement because they
have not been worked out.
In addition, they hinted, the
explosive nature of the controversy
the treaty has stirred almost since
it was signed in 1903 does not
make it advisable to go into de-
tails until negotiations are further
along.
The old treaty was signed under
circumstances which almost every-
one agrees were an exemplification
of early 20th Century gunboat di-
plomacy. The United States first
sought an agreement with Colom-
bia for building a canal. Colombia
balked. Soon afterward a revolu-
tion broke out in the area of
Colombia which is now the Re-
public of Panama, and the 1903
treaty came into being swiftly.'
additional countries and at the
same time block the West's pro-
posed multilateral nuclear force.
Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei
A. Gromyko announced the pro-
posal in an hour-long speech in
the UN General Assembly's open-
ing policy debate.
He complained that a treaty to
prevent the spread of such weap-
ons advanced by the United States
on Aug. 17 in the Geneva dis-
armament negotiations "leaves a
'tiny crack' through which will
pass unobstructed a whole multi-
lateral fleet equipped with hun-
dreds of nuclear-tipped missiles."-
"Behind such strategems," Gro-
myko said, "are the nuclear ap-
petites of the West German mill-
tarists."
Clear Ownership
West German wishes for clear
ownership or partial control o1
atomic weapons prompted the
United States a few years ago to
promote a Western Polaris-missile
nuclear fleet manned by sailor
of different countries and control.
led jointly by those countries. Thi
so-called multilateral nuclear flee
is still in process of formation.
The U.S.-proposed treaty would
have nuclear powers undertake
"not to transfer any nuclear weap
ons into the national control o
any non-nuclear state either di
rectly, or indirectly through a mil
itary alliance."
It would also have them under
take "not to take any other action
which would cause an increase ir
the total number of states an
other organizations having inde
pendent power to use nuclea
weapons."
To keep atomic warheads thu
out of "the national control" o
"independent power of mor
countries or organizations woul
not hinder the multilateral force
because it would sire a nuclea
missile only on the internationa
decision of the participant govern.
ments, subject to U.S. veto.
No Transfer
Gromyko's treaty would hav
countries with nuclear weapon
"undertake not to transfer suc
weapons in any form-directly o
indirectly, through third states 0r
groupings of states-into the own
ership or disposal of states o
groups of states not possessing nu
clear weapons."
Nuclear powers, it says, "shal
not provide nuclear weapons o
control over them, or over thei
location or use, to units of th
armed forces or to individua
members of the armed forces" o
non-nuclear countries, even if sucr
units or individuals "have bee
placed under the command of an
military alliance."
Aimed at U.S.
The last provision clearly was
aimed to keep the United States
from putting nuclear weapons int(
the hands of the multilatera
force.
Canadian Foreign Secretar
Paul Martin, speaking immediately
after Gromyko, said Soviet refus.
al to discuss the U.S. draft i
Geneva did not seem a reasonable
position.
Martin also said members of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion-who have been negotiating
on the multilateral force-mus'
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TOOLS
The MICHIGAN DAILY
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CORRECTION
Due to a mistake on the part of
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"
WORLD NEWS ROUNDUP:
President Johnson Orders Civil Rights
Shake-Up To End Duplication of Efforts
WASHINGTON - President
Johnson ordered a shakeup yes-
terday in federal civil rights acti-
vities aimed at ending duplica-
tion and overlapping authority in
efforts to end racial discrimina-
tion.
within 30 days. '
* * *
UNITED NATIONS - Soviet
Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gro-
myko assailed the Onited States
yesterday as an aggressor in Viet
Nam. The United States promptly
never been accepted by any UN
body.
Gromyko devoted only one par-
agraph in his speech to support
for Communist China's represen-
tatiop in the United Nations, con-
tending it should have the seat
months after supporters launch-
ed a bloody rebellion in an an-
nounced attempt to return him to
power.
* * *
LITTLE ROCK, Ark.-Baptists
joined Gov. Orval E. Faubus yes-