RELIGIOUS BIGOTRY:
STILL RAMPANT?
See Pago 2
Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom
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L LXX, No. 238
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 21, 1960
FIVE CENTS
FOUR PA
FIRST TIME:
Subs Launch Missiles
1)
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. M_-
The Navy for the first time yes er-
day fired Polaris missiles from a
submerged submarine and took a
giant step toward a weapons sys-
tem that could deter an enemy
from a surprise nuclear attack.
The atomic . powered George
Washington unleashed two of the
squat rockets about three hours
apart as the submarine glided
silently beneath the waves some
30 miles off Cape Canaveral.
A jubilant Navy announced that
the rockets successfully plunked
their two dummy warheads in a
pre-selected target area 1,100 miles
down the Atlantic missile range.
Historic Launching
The George Washington, first
of the nation's nuclear-powered
missile subs, made the historic first
Cuban Catholics Prepare
To' Oppose Red Influence
HAVANA ()-Roman Catholic Cuban women said yesterday they
plan a campaign of passive resistance to increasing Communist in-
fluence in Prime Minister Fidel Castro's government.
The move appeared to be part of spontaneous outbursts by Cath-
olic laymen aimed at blocking penetration of Cuba by the Russians
and Red Chinese.
Spokesmen said they expect to step up their opposition and their
passive resistance in direct proportion to the rise in Communist in-
filtration. Thus far Catholic demonstrations have been against Com-
munism rather than against the Castro government.
Informed Catholic sources said plans have been made to con-
tinue special masses for a period of 30 days to mark Communist
Av
?oppression. These sources stressed
U Experts
See Election
Close Race'
By MICHAEL BURNS
The Kennedy - Johnson ticket
which the Democratic National
Convention selected in Los An-
geles last week is the "strongest
possible" team they could have
nominated, three University po-
litical scientists said.
But the race in November will
be very close, with Sen. John Ken-
nedy perhaps holding a slight
edge over Vice-President Richard
M. Nixon, whose selection by the
Republicans is virtually assured.
There are several factors which
could influence the election and
enough states on the uncertain
side to make a prediction of the
outcome unclear.
But Prof. Frank Grace believes
that if Democrats vote, the bal-
loting will swing in their favor,
because there are more Democrats
than Republicans in the country.
Religion Important
'The religious factor will play a
iso what important role in the
fall election, Prof. Grace said, al-
though it will probably work to.
both the benefit and detriment of
Kennedy, each probably voiding
the other's effect. Prof. George
Peck saw the religious factor as
insignificant and instructor Nor-
man Thomas felt the question
would be "not decisive" in the con-
et
The selection of Sen. Lyndon
Johnson came as "quite a shock
to me," Thomas explained. The
three agreed that Johnson was
very desirable as a nominee to
maintain party unity, to hold the
South which was dissatisfied with
the strong civil rights platform
adopted and to contribute a con-
servative influence upon the more
liebral Kennedy.
The "geographical balance" was
maintained in the selection. Prof.
Grace said the choice of a vice-
presidential nominee greatly
weighed in Johnson's favor.
Liberals will probably accept the
Democratic ticket with Johnson,
they explained, because the Demo-
cratic package will be more en-
ticing to that segment than the
Republicans and Nixon. The weak-
est part of the Democratic team
is that it does not contain an
"anti-Benson, anti - Eisenhower"
midwesterner to proclah the lib-
eral farm policy mentioned in the
platform, Thomas said.
Democrats Upset
Although Michigan Democrats
were upset with the Texan's nomi-
nation, the three political sci-
entists saw no great effect on the
state's November vote, citing the
fact that the top man Kennedy
was well-liked and that Gov. G.
Mennen Williams and Walter Reu-
ther, United Auto Workers' head,
have promised to back the ticket.
Johnson will probably not hurt
Kennedy in any state where the
younger senator is strong, they
agreed.
' Johnson's approach to the civil
rights plank will have to be one
of moderation in Southern cam-
- paigning. Prof. Peek said that
Jbhnson will point to his record of
there is no intention on the part
of sponsors to let religious gather-
ings develop into street fights.
"Two masses already held got
out of hand partly because of
spontaneous reaction of those
participating and partly because
of infiltration by hecklers backed
by armed squads of pro-Commu-
nists," said one leader.
The reference was to demon-
strations at Havana . Catholic
churches Sunday and Monday
when Catholics and pro-Castro
factions clashed.
"Our efforts will be passive,"
one woman said of the planned
campaign.
"But if we are attacked we will
fight back."
Top auithorities of the church
have not joined publicly in the
campaign. Most Cubans are Cath-
olics.'
Signatures
Questioned
DETROIT VP) - The Michigan
AFLr-CIO announced yesterday it
will challenge the validity of peti-
tions to place the constitutional
convention proposal on the Nov.
8 election ballot.
AFL-CIO headquarters here and
counsel for the labor organiza-
tion at Lansing announced the
challenge will be undertaken
through the state board of can-
vassers.
"We are going to request the
board of state canvassers to re-
turn all of the petitions to local
election clerks for a complete
check of signatures," said Theo-
dore Sachs, AFL - CIO attorney
and election consultant.
State election experts have said
a complete local check of the 322,-
038 signatures on petitions calling
for the con-con referendum is al-
most impossible.
Several organizations including
the Michigan Township Assn.,
Michigan Manufacturers Assn.
and Michigan Farm Bureau are
opposed to the con-con referen-
dum.
The AFL-CIO, however, is the
only organization, so far to ques-
tion the 25,707 petition sheets that
allied citizens groups filed two
weeks ago.
Sachs said he previously made
a spot check of some of the peti-
tions finding some in good shape
but others with "40 to 50 per cent"
of error.
Spokesmen for the League of
Women Voters, Citizens for Michi-
gan and other groups participat-
ing in the petition drive to place
the con-con question on the state
election ballot said they are con-
fident their petitions in general
comply with the law.
The board of canvassers must
decide on the validity of the con-
con petitions by Sept. 8, two
months before the election date.
Rockefeller
Bigger Threat
SEATTLE (P)-Sen. Henry M.
Jackson, new Democratic national
launching from 50 feet below the
surface of the Gulfstream.
Popped to the surface with com-
pressed air, the first, stubby 14-ton
missile emerged leaning 15 degrees
off vertical. Then the first stage
engine ignited and the guidance
system jerked the Polaris upright.
To newsmen watching from
three miles away on the decks of
the USS Observation Island, the
first missile appeared to roar
straight upward for half a minute,
then curve over to the southeast
and down the Atlantic missile
range.
Ignition Visible
Against a clear sky, the ignition
of the second stage was clearly
visible to the observers as the
Polaris sped along on what ap-
peared to be a true course.
Navy observers said shortly after
the missile vanished from sight
that the shot looked "perfect in
every respect."
An official Navy release said "the
launching and test flight were
evaluated as successful in meeting
all the test objectives of a live
missile launch from beneath the
surface of the ocean and guided
flight to a pre-selected impact
area."
Cheers went up from sailors and
newsmen on the observation island
when the Polaris leaped clear of
the blue water and stood like a
champagne bottle against the sky.
There were yells of delight as
the guidance mechanism immedi-
ately brought the nose of the mis-
sile around to course and she leap-
ed skyward out of a big pool of
smoke lying on the surface of the
water.
Negfro Head
Warns GOP
About Plank,
CHICAGO (')-A Negro leader
told Republicans yesterday they
can't expect to get many Negro
votes in November if the GOP
fails at least to match the Demo-
crats in writing a strong civil
rights platform plank.
The advice was served on the
Republican resolutions Committee
by Roy Wilkins, executive secre-
tary of the National Assn. for the
Advancement of Colored People
in answer to a question put by
Thomas E. .tagg Jr., a committee-
man from Louisiana.
Stagg wanted to know what per-
centage of the Negro vote may
go to the Republicans if they
matched or outdid the Democrats
on civil rights.
Wilkins replied he didn't know
about percentages but "if you're
thinking in bare political terms
you can't lose-you can't afford
not to be for a strong civil rights
program." Wilkins implied that
if the GOP wanted to attract Ne-
gro voters it would have to bid
at least as high as the Democrats.
A different view has been given
the GOP platform drafters by
Sen. Barry Goldwater. The Ari-
zona Republican said the Federal
government should concern itself
in the civil rights field only with
elimination of discrimination in
the field of voting rights.
Goldwater argued the right to
a ballot is the only civil right
guaranteed in the Constitution.
He said equal treatment in em-
ployment, educatio, housing, and
so on are civil liberties-not
guaranteed by the Constitution,
and thus outside governmental
enforcement obligations. Some
Southern Republican delegates
shared Goldwater's viewpoint.
GOP Spot
'Assured'
For Nixon
CHICAGO (P)-Richard M. Nix-
on kept an almost unshakeable
clutch on the Republican presi-
dential nomination last night in
the fact of confident claims that
Nelson A. Rockefeller definitely
will be tapped to challenge him.
The general of a campaign to
draft the New York governor for
the Presidency contended that
Nixon can't win the November
election, that Rockefeller is the
one great hope of the GOP, and
that the response to the draft
movement is almost phenomenal.
Close associates of Rockefeller
took differing positions on wheth-
er the governor has agreed to let
his name be put in nomination
before the Republican national
convention next week.
Associates Differ
But draft director William M.
Brinton of San Francisco told a
news conference:
"I am absolutely confident that
it will be."
A poll of five key states over the
weekend, Brinton said, shows
Vice President Nixon trailing sub-
stantially behind the new Demo-
cratic presidential nominee, Sen.
John F. Kennedy of Massachu-
setts. He listed the states as Calif-
ornia, New York, Pennsylvania,
Illinois and Texas and said the
Republicans will have to take
three of the five to win the elec-
tion.
Votes Assured
Amang them, these states have
160 of the 269 electoral votes re-
quired to put a man in the White
House.
Nixon's convention chief, for-
mer National Chairman Leonard
W. Hall, said Brinton's survey
runs "contrary to all the polls I
know about."
Nixon, he predicted, will pick
off on the first ballot 1,000 or
more of the 1,331 available votes
in the GOP convention, the march
on to victory in November. But he
told reporters there will be no
Republican overconfidence and
the GOP will campaign hard in
all 50 states.
Rebel Offers
Compromise
JACKSON, Miss. (~-Rebellious
Gov. Ross Barnett offered yester-
day to compromise with other
Southern Democrats after his pro-
posal for a states rights Presi-
dential ticket received a cool re-
ception in other Dixie capitals.
Barnett told newsmen he would
go along with unpledged presi-
dential electors instead if that's
what other Southern leaders want.
The 62-year-old segregationist,
who bitterly opposes the civil
rights plank in the Democratic
presidential platform, made clear
that his main purpose was to
withhold support from the liberal
statement adopted by the party
at Los Angeles.
"I'm not contentious about how
we do this thing," Barnett told a
news conference.
"Some (dissatisfied Southern-
ers) want a states rights ticket.
Many others want an independ-
ent, unpledged slate of electors. A
lot of sentiment in other states is
for unpledged electors," he said.
Those backing unpledged elec-
tors, who would be free to cast the
state's presidential votes for any-
body, claim that they would give
the South the balance of power in
the event of a close race between
the Democratic and Republican
nominees.
Against Action
h f
v-
UN Request
Disregarded
By Belgians
BRUSSELS (P)-A Belgian plane
plowed into a Congo volcano yes-
terday, killing 34 Belgian soldiers
and injuring 7, disclosing that
Belgium had sent in more troops
to its old colony despite a UN
request that all Belgian soldiers
withdraw.
A government spokesman an-
nounced late in the day, however,
that Belgium now had temporarily
halted the dispatch of troops to
the Congo.
The spokesman emphasized the
troops in Belgium will remain in
readiness because Belgium had
"the right and also the duty to
answer calls for help" from Bel-
gians if United Nations forces are
unable to do so.
Sent Sunday
A C119 Flying Boxcar carrying
a detachment of specially trained
troops for the protection of airfield
and similar installations wvas sent
from Belgium Sunday night. It hit
a peak near Goma in the eastern
Congo.
The scene was north of Lake
Kivu. Goma was a center of vio-
lence against whites early in the
uprising of Negro soldiers of the
Congo army.
The crash was the first serious
accident reported since the start
of the huge operation carrying
tens of thousands of refugees back
to Belgium and returning troops
to the Congo.
Left Tuesday
A governmentuspokesman in an-
nouncing the suspension order said
the last shipment of troops and
equipment left Brussels Tuesday.
"The Belgian government's posi-
tion is and remains that we have
the right and also the duty to
answer calls for help, protection
and rescue at any time, except in
the cases when the UN troops are
in a position to do so themselves,"
the spokesman said.
Troops Readied
"We have troops readied to leave
if .ecessary but are keeping them
in their normal camps and bar-
racks until it appears they are
actually needed.
"They will remain in Belgium
if it appears their dispatching to
the Congo is not necessary."
The spokesman said withdrawal
of Belgian troops will take place
only when the protection of Euro-
peans, Belgians and others alike, is
effectively insured by the UN
forces. This, he said, was far from
being the case everywhere.
"Where it is the case such as
in Leopoldville," he said, "a with-
drawal agreement has been con-
cluded and put into immediate
effect."
UN Delegate
Takes Stand
On Intrusion
in
-AP Wirephotc,
PLANS CAMPAIGN-Presidential nominee Sen. John F. Kennedy
and his brother Bob, who is also his campaign manager, confer
at their Hyannis Port, Mass., home. The Kennedy's are busy
organizing the Democrat's fight to gain the highest post In the
land.
Kennedy To Confer
WithTOpDemocrats
HYANNIS PORT, Mass. (')-Sen. John F. Kennedy said yester-
day he will have conferences within the next few days with top
Democrats, including Adlai Stevenson, on plans for the presidential
campaign.
The deeply tanned Democratic standard bearer chatted informally
with newsmen at the gate of his summer home after announcing
earlier he intends to create a new national organization-to be
called "Citizens for Kennedy."
The national chairman of the new group will be Byron (Whizzer)
White, 43, a Denver lawyer and onetime All American halfback. He
managed Kennedy's Colorado cam-'4>
paign in the race for the nomina- Deniocrati
tion. Dr
"Citizens for Kennedy" will open
the door for dissident Democrats, I
Republicans-who may be unhappy '
about their own ticket-and inde- p
pendent voters who want to sup-p
port the senator in his election
Cong(
Soviet
Sen. Kennedy talked to news-
men after a conference with John
M. Bailey, Connecticut Democratic
state chairman, and James Rowe,
Washington lawyer who is an aide
to the Democratic vice-presidential
candidate, Sen. Lyndon B. John-
son of Texas.
He said he planned to talk with
Johnson by telephone and that
there is a possibility his running
mate may visit Cape Cop later.
Kennedy said former New York
Gov. Averell Harriman will come
to Hyannis Port tomorrow morn-
ing for talks on foreign policy.
Stevenson, the Democratic presi-
dential candidate in 1952 and
1956, will come here next week.
Forces
Warned
'As You Like It' Set
Eisenhower Announces Budget
Surplus as Republican Boon
WASHINGTON (P)-President Dwight D. Eisenhower yesterday
proudly announced his third budget surplus in seven tries-a surpris-
ing, $1.1 billion election-year boon to the Republican party.
The surplus for fiscal 1960, which ended June 30, was 5%/2 times
greater than the President predicted in his January budget message
to Congress. Reduced federal spending was solely responsible for the
improvement since January. In a statement issued from his vacation
- haven at Newport, R.I., Eisenhow-
er acclaimed the "very encourag-
in F ing turnaround" in government fi-
nances from the 121%-billion-dol-
lar deficit of a year earlier.
A better-than-balanced budget
is considered potent vote-getting
medicine, and Secretary of the
Treasury Robert B. Anderson only
Tuesday stressed the political im-
plications of 1960's black ink in
his speeceh to the GOP platform
committee meeting in Chicago,
where the Republican national
convention starts on Monday.
The American people, Ander-
son said, "have responded and will
respond to the leadership of a po-
litical party which evidences a
healthy regard for the people's
money and how it is used."
- Anderson and budget director
Maurice H. Stans issued a joint
ALBANY, N.Y. W)-The leader-
ship of the Democratic party in
New York state, heavily burdened
with insurgent troubles, suffered
another defeat yesterday.
The insurgents again figured
prominently.
Sen. John F. Kennedy, the;
party's presidential candidate, an-;
nounced he was setting up a spe-
cial campaign organization for;
those of his supporters who did
not wish to work with regular
Democratic organizations.-
Prendergast Repudiated
This action represented a re-
pudiation of Michael H. Prender-
gast, the New York State Demo-
cratic Chairman and foe of the
insurgents.-
State Comptroller Arthur Levitt
immediately made a bid to take a
position of leadership in the New,
York state campaign and become
peacemaker between the insur-
gents and the organization.
"As the only statewide, elected,
Democratic official," he said in a
sattement, "it is my responsibility
to make every effort to bring all
segments of the Democratic party
together for a successful cam-
paign."
Conference Expected
He said he would confer with
party officials in upstate New York
and in New York City, and would
work for close coordination be-
tween the special campaign organ-
ization and the regular Democrats
"so as to assure that they do not
work as cross-purposes."
Prendergast said at the Demo-
cratic National Convention in Los
Angeles last week that Kennedy
had promised state organization
leaders he would deal only with
them in the intensive campaigning
he planned in New York state.
Lists Possible
Nixon Choices
CHICAGO (W - Sen. Barry
rs~~+mv-X_Eri a ulroet_
American Warning
Follows Russian
Demand to Council
UNITED NATIONS (P) - The
United States served notice early
today it will take -any action
necessary to keep Soviet military
forces out of the Congo.
United States Delegate Henry
Cabot Lodge told the 11-nation
Security Council he wanted to
make the position of the United
States unequivocally clear on pos-
sible Soviet military intervention
in the strife-torn Congo.,
"With other United Nations
members," he said, "we will do
whatever may be necessary to pre-
vent the intrusion of any military
forces not requested by the United
Nations.
Would Prevent Order
"Such forces, if they were in-
troduced, would not only be in
defiance of the United Nations,
but would seriously Jeopardize any
effort to bring stability and order
to the Congo."
Lodge spoke after Soviet Deputy
Foreign Minister Vasily V. Kuz-
netsov called on the council to set
a three-day deadline for with-
drawal of Belgian forces.
Kuznetsov made the proposal
in a resolution introduced at an
extraordinary council session on
the Congo crisis.
No Reference
Lodge made no direct reference
to the Soviet resolution, but said
Belgian.forces should -be wuit-
drawn when the United Nations is
in a position to preserve order.
He charged the Soviet Union
with trying to bring the cold war
into Africa and said Moscow was
attenpting to obstruct UN efforts
to restore order.
After hearing Lodge the Council
adjourned at 1:05 am. (EDT) un-
til 3 p.m. (EDT).
Blast Reds
For Tension
WASHINGTON (P)-The United
States charged yesterday the
Soviet government is seeking "de-
liberately to increase tension" by
a campaign of threats and propa-
ganda.
The State department made this
accusation in rejecting, Russia's
newest protest against alleged
plans to turn over medium-range
American ballistic missiles to the
West German government.
In a strongly worded statement,
the department denounced Soviet
"professions of peace" at a time
when Russian leaders are threat-
ening smaller nations and seeking
to block United Nations efforts to
bring peace in the Congo.
"The latest Soviet note is on a
par with other attempts by the
Soviet government to confuse the
world and to distort the truth in a,
transparent effort to deflect at-
tention from those Soviet actions
which are the real cause of ten-
sion," the department said.
Any weapons provided West Ger-
many, the department reiterated,
would be furnished within the
framework of the 15-nation Atlan-
tic pact in accordance with a deci-
lion made by Western summit
leaders in December of 1957.
Labor Leader
Notes Party
Differences
CHICAGO ()-George 'Meany,
president of the AFL-CIO, said
yesterday it appears to him New
York Gov, Nelson A. Rockefeller
is trying to induce the GOP into
steering "a little further away
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