RELIGIOUS BIGOTRY: STILL RAMPANT? See Pago 2 Seventieth Year of Editorial Freedom 4 h 74TI at FAIR, WARM High-40 w-s@ Mostly fair and warmer tomorrow. L LXX, No. 238 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 21, 1960 FIVE CENTS FOUR PA FIRST TIME: Subs Launch Missiles 1) CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. M_- The Navy for the first time yes er- day fired Polaris missiles from a submerged submarine and took a giant step toward a weapons sys- tem that could deter an enemy from a surprise nuclear attack. The atomic . powered George Washington unleashed two of the squat rockets about three hours apart as the submarine glided silently beneath the waves some 30 miles off Cape Canaveral. A jubilant Navy announced that the rockets successfully plunked their two dummy warheads in a pre-selected target area 1,100 miles down the Atlantic missile range. Historic Launching The George Washington, first of the nation's nuclear-powered missile subs, made the historic first Cuban Catholics Prepare To' Oppose Red Influence HAVANA ()-Roman Catholic Cuban women said yesterday they plan a campaign of passive resistance to increasing Communist in- fluence in Prime Minister Fidel Castro's government. The move appeared to be part of spontaneous outbursts by Cath- olic laymen aimed at blocking penetration of Cuba by the Russians and Red Chinese. Spokesmen said they expect to step up their opposition and their passive resistance in direct proportion to the rise in Communist in- filtration. Thus far Catholic demonstrations have been against Com- munism rather than against the Castro government. Informed Catholic sources said plans have been made to con- tinue special masses for a period of 30 days to mark Communist Av ?oppression. These sources stressed U Experts See Election Close Race' By MICHAEL BURNS The Kennedy - Johnson ticket which the Democratic National Convention selected in Los An- geles last week is the "strongest possible" team they could have nominated, three University po- litical scientists said. But the race in November will be very close, with Sen. John Ken- nedy perhaps holding a slight edge over Vice-President Richard M. Nixon, whose selection by the Republicans is virtually assured. There are several factors which could influence the election and enough states on the uncertain side to make a prediction of the outcome unclear. But Prof. Frank Grace believes that if Democrats vote, the bal- loting will swing in their favor, because there are more Democrats than Republicans in the country. Religion Important 'The religious factor will play a iso what important role in the fall election, Prof. Grace said, al- though it will probably work to. both the benefit and detriment of Kennedy, each probably voiding the other's effect. Prof. George Peck saw the religious factor as insignificant and instructor Nor- man Thomas felt the question would be "not decisive" in the con- et The selection of Sen. Lyndon Johnson came as "quite a shock to me," Thomas explained. The three agreed that Johnson was very desirable as a nominee to maintain party unity, to hold the South which was dissatisfied with the strong civil rights platform adopted and to contribute a con- servative influence upon the more liebral Kennedy. The "geographical balance" was maintained in the selection. Prof. Grace said the choice of a vice- presidential nominee greatly weighed in Johnson's favor. Liberals will probably accept the Democratic ticket with Johnson, they explained, because the Demo- cratic package will be more en- ticing to that segment than the Republicans and Nixon. The weak- est part of the Democratic team is that it does not contain an "anti-Benson, anti - Eisenhower" midwesterner to proclah the lib- eral farm policy mentioned in the platform, Thomas said. Democrats Upset Although Michigan Democrats were upset with the Texan's nomi- nation, the three political sci- entists saw no great effect on the state's November vote, citing the fact that the top man Kennedy was well-liked and that Gov. G. Mennen Williams and Walter Reu- ther, United Auto Workers' head, have promised to back the ticket. Johnson will probably not hurt Kennedy in any state where the younger senator is strong, they agreed. ' Johnson's approach to the civil rights plank will have to be one of moderation in Southern cam- - paigning. Prof. Peek said that Jbhnson will point to his record of there is no intention on the part of sponsors to let religious gather- ings develop into street fights. "Two masses already held got out of hand partly because of spontaneous reaction of those participating and partly because of infiltration by hecklers backed by armed squads of pro-Commu- nists," said one leader. The reference was to demon- strations at Havana . Catholic churches Sunday and Monday when Catholics and pro-Castro factions clashed. "Our efforts will be passive," one woman said of the planned campaign. "But if we are attacked we will fight back." Top auithorities of the church have not joined publicly in the campaign. Most Cubans are Cath- olics.' Signatures Questioned DETROIT VP) - The Michigan AFLr-CIO announced yesterday it will challenge the validity of peti- tions to place the constitutional convention proposal on the Nov. 8 election ballot. AFL-CIO headquarters here and counsel for the labor organiza- tion at Lansing announced the challenge will be undertaken through the state board of can- vassers. "We are going to request the board of state canvassers to re- turn all of the petitions to local election clerks for a complete check of signatures," said Theo- dore Sachs, AFL - CIO attorney and election consultant. State election experts have said a complete local check of the 322,- 038 signatures on petitions calling for the con-con referendum is al- most impossible. Several organizations including the Michigan Township Assn., Michigan Manufacturers Assn. and Michigan Farm Bureau are opposed to the con-con referen- dum. The AFL-CIO, however, is the only organization, so far to ques- tion the 25,707 petition sheets that allied citizens groups filed two weeks ago. Sachs said he previously made a spot check of some of the peti- tions finding some in good shape but others with "40 to 50 per cent" of error. Spokesmen for the League of Women Voters, Citizens for Michi- gan and other groups participat- ing in the petition drive to place the con-con question on the state election ballot said they are con- fident their petitions in general comply with the law. The board of canvassers must decide on the validity of the con- con petitions by Sept. 8, two months before the election date. Rockefeller Bigger Threat SEATTLE (P)-Sen. Henry M. Jackson, new Democratic national launching from 50 feet below the surface of the Gulfstream. Popped to the surface with com- pressed air, the first, stubby 14-ton missile emerged leaning 15 degrees off vertical. Then the first stage engine ignited and the guidance system jerked the Polaris upright. To newsmen watching from three miles away on the decks of the USS Observation Island, the first missile appeared to roar straight upward for half a minute, then curve over to the southeast and down the Atlantic missile range. Ignition Visible Against a clear sky, the ignition of the second stage was clearly visible to the observers as the Polaris sped along on what ap- peared to be a true course. Navy observers said shortly after the missile vanished from sight that the shot looked "perfect in every respect." An official Navy release said "the launching and test flight were evaluated as successful in meeting all the test objectives of a live missile launch from beneath the surface of the ocean and guided flight to a pre-selected impact area." Cheers went up from sailors and newsmen on the observation island when the Polaris leaped clear of the blue water and stood like a champagne bottle against the sky. There were yells of delight as the guidance mechanism immedi- ately brought the nose of the mis- sile around to course and she leap- ed skyward out of a big pool of smoke lying on the surface of the water. Negfro Head Warns GOP About Plank, CHICAGO (')-A Negro leader told Republicans yesterday they can't expect to get many Negro votes in November if the GOP fails at least to match the Demo- crats in writing a strong civil rights platform plank. The advice was served on the Republican resolutions Committee by Roy Wilkins, executive secre- tary of the National Assn. for the Advancement of Colored People in answer to a question put by Thomas E. .tagg Jr., a committee- man from Louisiana. Stagg wanted to know what per- centage of the Negro vote may go to the Republicans if they matched or outdid the Democrats on civil rights. Wilkins replied he didn't know about percentages but "if you're thinking in bare political terms you can't lose-you can't afford not to be for a strong civil rights program." Wilkins implied that if the GOP wanted to attract Ne- gro voters it would have to bid at least as high as the Democrats. A different view has been given the GOP platform drafters by Sen. Barry Goldwater. The Ari- zona Republican said the Federal government should concern itself in the civil rights field only with elimination of discrimination in the field of voting rights. Goldwater argued the right to a ballot is the only civil right guaranteed in the Constitution. He said equal treatment in em- ployment, educatio, housing, and so on are civil liberties-not guaranteed by the Constitution, and thus outside governmental enforcement obligations. Some Southern Republican delegates shared Goldwater's viewpoint. GOP Spot 'Assured' For Nixon CHICAGO (P)-Richard M. Nix- on kept an almost unshakeable clutch on the Republican presi- dential nomination last night in the fact of confident claims that Nelson A. Rockefeller definitely will be tapped to challenge him. The general of a campaign to draft the New York governor for the Presidency contended that Nixon can't win the November election, that Rockefeller is the one great hope of the GOP, and that the response to the draft movement is almost phenomenal. Close associates of Rockefeller took differing positions on wheth- er the governor has agreed to let his name be put in nomination before the Republican national convention next week. Associates Differ But draft director William M. Brinton of San Francisco told a news conference: "I am absolutely confident that it will be." A poll of five key states over the weekend, Brinton said, shows Vice President Nixon trailing sub- stantially behind the new Demo- cratic presidential nominee, Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachu- setts. He listed the states as Calif- ornia, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Texas and said the Republicans will have to take three of the five to win the elec- tion. Votes Assured Amang them, these states have 160 of the 269 electoral votes re- quired to put a man in the White House. Nixon's convention chief, for- mer National Chairman Leonard W. Hall, said Brinton's survey runs "contrary to all the polls I know about." Nixon, he predicted, will pick off on the first ballot 1,000 or more of the 1,331 available votes in the GOP convention, the march on to victory in November. But he told reporters there will be no Republican overconfidence and the GOP will campaign hard in all 50 states. Rebel Offers Compromise JACKSON, Miss. (~-Rebellious Gov. Ross Barnett offered yester- day to compromise with other Southern Democrats after his pro- posal for a states rights Presi- dential ticket received a cool re- ception in other Dixie capitals. Barnett told newsmen he would go along with unpledged presi- dential electors instead if that's what other Southern leaders want. The 62-year-old segregationist, who bitterly opposes the civil rights plank in the Democratic presidential platform, made clear that his main purpose was to withhold support from the liberal statement adopted by the party at Los Angeles. "I'm not contentious about how we do this thing," Barnett told a news conference. "Some (dissatisfied Southern- ers) want a states rights ticket. Many others want an independ- ent, unpledged slate of electors. A lot of sentiment in other states is for unpledged electors," he said. Those backing unpledged elec- tors, who would be free to cast the state's presidential votes for any- body, claim that they would give the South the balance of power in the event of a close race between the Democratic and Republican nominees. Against Action h f v- UN Request Disregarded By Belgians BRUSSELS (P)-A Belgian plane plowed into a Congo volcano yes- terday, killing 34 Belgian soldiers and injuring 7, disclosing that Belgium had sent in more troops to its old colony despite a UN request that all Belgian soldiers withdraw. A government spokesman an- nounced late in the day, however, that Belgium now had temporarily halted the dispatch of troops to the Congo. The spokesman emphasized the troops in Belgium will remain in readiness because Belgium had "the right and also the duty to answer calls for help" from Bel- gians if United Nations forces are unable to do so. Sent Sunday A C119 Flying Boxcar carrying a detachment of specially trained troops for the protection of airfield and similar installations wvas sent from Belgium Sunday night. It hit a peak near Goma in the eastern Congo. The scene was north of Lake Kivu. Goma was a center of vio- lence against whites early in the uprising of Negro soldiers of the Congo army. The crash was the first serious accident reported since the start of the huge operation carrying tens of thousands of refugees back to Belgium and returning troops to the Congo. Left Tuesday A governmentuspokesman in an- nouncing the suspension order said the last shipment of troops and equipment left Brussels Tuesday. "The Belgian government's posi- tion is and remains that we have the right and also the duty to answer calls for help, protection and rescue at any time, except in the cases when the UN troops are in a position to do so themselves," the spokesman said. Troops Readied "We have troops readied to leave if .ecessary but are keeping them in their normal camps and bar- racks until it appears they are actually needed. "They will remain in Belgium if it appears their dispatching to the Congo is not necessary." The spokesman said withdrawal of Belgian troops will take place only when the protection of Euro- peans, Belgians and others alike, is effectively insured by the UN forces. This, he said, was far from being the case everywhere. "Where it is the case such as in Leopoldville," he said, "a with- drawal agreement has been con- cluded and put into immediate effect." UN Delegate Takes Stand On Intrusion in -AP Wirephotc, PLANS CAMPAIGN-Presidential nominee Sen. John F. Kennedy and his brother Bob, who is also his campaign manager, confer at their Hyannis Port, Mass., home. The Kennedy's are busy organizing the Democrat's fight to gain the highest post In the land. Kennedy To Confer WithTOpDemocrats HYANNIS PORT, Mass. (')-Sen. John F. Kennedy said yester- day he will have conferences within the next few days with top Democrats, including Adlai Stevenson, on plans for the presidential campaign. The deeply tanned Democratic standard bearer chatted informally with newsmen at the gate of his summer home after announcing earlier he intends to create a new national organization-to be called "Citizens for Kennedy." The national chairman of the new group will be Byron (Whizzer) White, 43, a Denver lawyer and onetime All American halfback. He managed Kennedy's Colorado cam-'4> paign in the race for the nomina- Deniocrati tion. Dr "Citizens for Kennedy" will open the door for dissident Democrats, I Republicans-who may be unhappy ' about their own ticket-and inde- p pendent voters who want to sup-p port the senator in his election Cong( Soviet Sen. Kennedy talked to news- men after a conference with John M. Bailey, Connecticut Democratic state chairman, and James Rowe, Washington lawyer who is an aide to the Democratic vice-presidential candidate, Sen. Lyndon B. John- son of Texas. He said he planned to talk with Johnson by telephone and that there is a possibility his running mate may visit Cape Cop later. Kennedy said former New York Gov. Averell Harriman will come to Hyannis Port tomorrow morn- ing for talks on foreign policy. Stevenson, the Democratic presi- dential candidate in 1952 and 1956, will come here next week. Forces Warned 'As You Like It' Set Eisenhower Announces Budget Surplus as Republican Boon WASHINGTON (P)-President Dwight D. Eisenhower yesterday proudly announced his third budget surplus in seven tries-a surpris- ing, $1.1 billion election-year boon to the Republican party. The surplus for fiscal 1960, which ended June 30, was 5%/2 times greater than the President predicted in his January budget message to Congress. Reduced federal spending was solely responsible for the improvement since January. In a statement issued from his vacation - haven at Newport, R.I., Eisenhow- er acclaimed the "very encourag- in F ing turnaround" in government fi- nances from the 121%-billion-dol- lar deficit of a year earlier. A better-than-balanced budget is considered potent vote-getting medicine, and Secretary of the Treasury Robert B. Anderson only Tuesday stressed the political im- plications of 1960's black ink in his speeceh to the GOP platform committee meeting in Chicago, where the Republican national convention starts on Monday. The American people, Ander- son said, "have responded and will respond to the leadership of a po- litical party which evidences a healthy regard for the people's money and how it is used." - Anderson and budget director Maurice H. Stans issued a joint ALBANY, N.Y. W)-The leader- ship of the Democratic party in New York state, heavily burdened with insurgent troubles, suffered another defeat yesterday. The insurgents again figured prominently. Sen. John F. Kennedy, the; party's presidential candidate, an-; nounced he was setting up a spe- cial campaign organization for; those of his supporters who did not wish to work with regular Democratic organizations.- Prendergast Repudiated This action represented a re- pudiation of Michael H. Prender- gast, the New York State Demo- cratic Chairman and foe of the insurgents.- State Comptroller Arthur Levitt immediately made a bid to take a position of leadership in the New, York state campaign and become peacemaker between the insur- gents and the organization. "As the only statewide, elected, Democratic official," he said in a sattement, "it is my responsibility to make every effort to bring all segments of the Democratic party together for a successful cam- paign." Conference Expected He said he would confer with party officials in upstate New York and in New York City, and would work for close coordination be- tween the special campaign organ- ization and the regular Democrats "so as to assure that they do not work as cross-purposes." Prendergast said at the Demo- cratic National Convention in Los Angeles last week that Kennedy had promised state organization leaders he would deal only with them in the intensive campaigning he planned in New York state. Lists Possible Nixon Choices CHICAGO (W - Sen. Barry rs~~+mv-X_Eri a ulroet_ American Warning Follows Russian Demand to Council UNITED NATIONS (P) - The United States served notice early today it will take -any action necessary to keep Soviet military forces out of the Congo. United States Delegate Henry Cabot Lodge told the 11-nation Security Council he wanted to make the position of the United States unequivocally clear on pos- sible Soviet military intervention in the strife-torn Congo., "With other United Nations members," he said, "we will do whatever may be necessary to pre- vent the intrusion of any military forces not requested by the United Nations. Would Prevent Order "Such forces, if they were in- troduced, would not only be in defiance of the United Nations, but would seriously Jeopardize any effort to bring stability and order to the Congo." Lodge spoke after Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Vasily V. Kuz- netsov called on the council to set a three-day deadline for with- drawal of Belgian forces. Kuznetsov made the proposal in a resolution introduced at an extraordinary council session on the Congo crisis. No Reference Lodge made no direct reference to the Soviet resolution, but said Belgian.forces should -be wuit- drawn when the United Nations is in a position to preserve order. He charged the Soviet Union with trying to bring the cold war into Africa and said Moscow was attenpting to obstruct UN efforts to restore order. After hearing Lodge the Council adjourned at 1:05 am. (EDT) un- til 3 p.m. (EDT). Blast Reds For Tension WASHINGTON (P)-The United States charged yesterday the Soviet government is seeking "de- liberately to increase tension" by a campaign of threats and propa- ganda. The State department made this accusation in rejecting, Russia's newest protest against alleged plans to turn over medium-range American ballistic missiles to the West German government. In a strongly worded statement, the department denounced Soviet "professions of peace" at a time when Russian leaders are threat- ening smaller nations and seeking to block United Nations efforts to bring peace in the Congo. "The latest Soviet note is on a par with other attempts by the Soviet government to confuse the world and to distort the truth in a, transparent effort to deflect at- tention from those Soviet actions which are the real cause of ten- sion," the department said. Any weapons provided West Ger- many, the department reiterated, would be furnished within the framework of the 15-nation Atlan- tic pact in accordance with a deci- lion made by Western summit leaders in December of 1957. Labor Leader Notes Party Differences CHICAGO ()-George 'Meany, president of the AFL-CIO, said yesterday it appears to him New York Gov, Nelson A. Rockefeller is trying to induce the GOP into steering "a little further away f,.,. Ra,.v Cydae,,,, ,. :77ff ..... r. . ... i .,.