Seventy-Second Year
EDITED.AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
_ UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Where Opinions Are r STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. " ANN ARBOR, MIcH. Phone No 2-3241
Truth Will Prevail"
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SUTIN
ON THE ROAD:
Burgin Views Roles
Of Players, Conductor
By MARK SLOBIN
Daily Correspondent
TANGLEWOOD-For many years now, Richard Burgin has been
leading a double life. As both concertmaster and assistant conductor
of the Boston Symphony, Mr. Burgin has been able to view the
traditional battle between the orchestra and its leader from both camps.
But although Mr. Burgin phrases the role of the concertmaster
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New City Income Taxes
Pose Problems for Future
H AMTRAMCK JOINED DETROIT Tuesday
night by passing a city income tax. This
move, aside from raising revenues needed to
cover a fiscal deficit, has grave implications
for all the state's residents.
The tax is the start of a trend to copy the
Detroit tax, both in an effort to retaliate
against Detroit by taxing Detroit residents
working in the area and to raise needed rev-
enue to finance expanding municipal services.
The Vigilance Tax Committee of suburban
Detroit mayors has managed to limit the
trend to Hamtramck's action. However, Ecorse
and Dearborn are preparing to put the ques-
tion to the electorate and a number of other
cities, including Ann Arbor, are considering the
measure.
THE TAX is a necessary levy; as costs of
government are rising as fast as the need
for additional services, placing a double burden
on overworked and mined-out property taxes.
These levies can no longer be expected to pay
for municipal services.
However, a proliferation of such taxes can
create chaos and confusion. Fortunately, the
Hamtramck tax is identical to the Detroit
model, but future ones may not be. Other
cities may enact different provisions, make
conflicting definitions of "resident," "non-
resident" and "worker," or set up dif-
ferent exemption schemes.'
For the person who lives and works in two
separate cities the result will be confusion. He
will have to keep complexrecords to determine
what is taxable in one city and not in another.
Many errors and law suits will be the only
result, their costs eating away at both the
taxable income and expected revenue.
TO PREVENT this potential chaos, state
regulation is needed. The Legislature should
set up standard definitions and procedures
leaving only amount of the levy to be deter-
mined by the cities.
However, the current Legislature is in no
position to do this. It is blinded by prejudice
against income taxes in general-city, state
and in some cases national-and is unwilling
to take the positive attitude needed to revise
regulations.
The Legislature can also take another ap-
proach towards the city taxes. It can enact a
state income tax and return a set percentage
to the areas in which it is collected.
ASIDE FROM adding to the empty state
coffers, the state-wide levy will be uniform
and will provide an easy means to collect and
disburse the revenue.
However, it will not be as helpful to the cities
as their own levies, for the yield will be lower
and spread throughout the state. Cities un-
willing to enact the tax or not needing the
measure will obtain benefits while municipili-
ties needing the revenue will be short-changed.
It is unlikely that the Legislature would
accept this solution in the near future despite
the state's fiscal woes. As two years of fruit-
less debate have proven, the Legislature is
still bound to the past and not yet ready to set
up a modern fiscal structure.
Thus until a new attitude is taken, the
state stands on the brink of confusion. The
income tax is a necessary levy, but is so com-
plex that conflicting versions can lead to chaos.
Only the Legislature can straighten this tangle
out.
--PHILIP SUTIN
-Daily-Michael de Gaetano
UNDER MILK WOOD-Eleven actors create more than 40 roles in the Dylan Thomas play for voices
which continues nightly through Saturday at Trueblood Auditorium in the Frieze Bldg.
AT TRUEBLOOD AUDITORIUM:
'Under. Milk Wood'Delightful
THEATREGOERS planning to
attend one of this week's per-
formances of "Under Milk Wood"
will do well to get themselves to
Trueblood Auditorium and into
their seats before 8 p.m., for the
"curtain" rises promptly and
there isn't a word to be missed in
this beautifully written poetic
drama by Dylan Thomas.
Latecomers to last night's open-..
ing entirely dispelled the effect
of the first five minutes of the
play, which not only annoyed
everyone but got the performance
off to a difficult start as well.
More poetry than drama, "Un-
der Milk Wood" is, to give it its
full title, "A Play for Voices"; the
audience hears, rather than sees,
the inhabitants of the Welsh vil-
lage of Llareggub going about their
daily routine. What little action
there is on stage is extraneous to
the play although often quite de-
lightful as it punctuates the
speech.
* * *
IN THE present production, the
University Players of the speech
department have relied a little too
heavily on stage action (the chil-
dren's games are played clumsily)
where they would have been bet-
ter to work harder on getting the
poetry to the audience. Many
amusing moments in the play were
either too subtle or too poorly pre-
sented to last night's audience,
which missed much.
Yet the speech department has
come up with a strong production
of "Under Milk Wood" that makes
up in vitality what it may lack in
sensitivity. The staging is appro-
priate and useful without being
distracting, and the intimacy of
Trueblood Auditorium is used to
great advantage.
Carlton Berry and Edward Cic-
ciarelli have the long and demand-
ing r o 1 e s of quasi-narrators.
Berry's voice is the best on stage,
often very fine indeed, and much
of the success of the play is his as
well. But he could be still more
familiar with the play and he
needs to find some place to put
his hands. Cicciarelli's readings
are more sensuous and occasional-
Gov, Kerner Finds Easy Solutions
YESTERDAY in Illinois, thanks to "God,
Governor Kerner, and all the men who had
faith," the life of Paul Crump, a convicted
murderer, was spared after a nine-year legal
battle.
Otto Kerner exercized his power of executive
clemency in the case because, he explained,
Crump "must be accepted as rehabilitated.
"Under the circumstances, it would serve
no useful purpose to society to take this man's
life. The power of clemency entrusted to the
governor permits giving effect to this judge-
ment."
The Illinois Parole Board, after studying the
case and ,listening to Crump, agreed with
Kerner that the convicted man had been
"completely rehabilitated."
BUT IN ADDITION to being a statesman,
able to decide under certain circumstances
who will live or die, Kerner is a politician. And
therefore his decision couldn't be entirely
humanitarian.
For some of the voters of Illinois-perhaps
enough to upset Kerner in the next guberna-
torial election-think Crump has not been
rehabilitated at all and deserves to die as the
law, as the jury, prescribed.
So Kerner, although he had admitted that
the man was changed, although he had con-
fessed that Crump be useful to society, did
not free him. Nor even give him a mild sen-
tence; say life, which in Illinois could allow
parole.
RATHER, 'he commuted the death penalty
to a 199-year sentence and in a particularly
generous mood recommended that no parole
ever be granted.
When Crump asked that he be given his
life, he did not claim that he was innocent:
he said that in his years in prison he had
found something new in himself and had
become rehabilitated. He claimed he could
benefit society. Evidently this is true.
And if it is true and if the man has changed,
then he ought to be freed, for the prison has
done its work and there is no point keeping
him locked up for another day, much less for
the rest of his life.
REHABILITATION MEANS that he has
changed completely, and that he can live
in organized society and benefit the people
around him. It does not mean that Crump
or that anyone "rehabilitated" in a penal in-
stitution has found a set of values which
enable him to exist and be good for the society
in the prison, and not under normal con-
ditions.
Were this the case, there would be no point
in having prison sentences less than life any-
way since judicial bodies send people there
to be rehabilitated. Men are theoretically let
go after a certain length of time because they
can live in society.
Kerner's decision was expedient: it pleased
the group that wanted Crump to live, and it
can't help but satisfy the crowd who want
him to die. And Kerner gets the credit,
Tn 1893 another Illinois governor, John Alt-
geld freed the last living Haymarket Riot de-
fendants because he believed they were in-
nocent. It .ended his political career in Illinois.
Profiting from the example, Kerner curbed
whatever bravery he might have had.
They say tears came to Crump's eyes when
he heard the decision. It was a big day for jus-
tice in the state of Illinois.
-DENISE WACKER
ly seem forced, but they are every
bit effective, as are his facial ex-
pressions when the other mem-
bers of the cast remain rather
constantly deadpan.
THERE are nine other members
of the cast, and among them they
share 38 name roles plus assorted
"voices." That a large number of
individual characterizations stand
out clearly is the result of both
vigorous acting and careful direc-
tion by Claribel Baird.
Barbara Alice Shade is Myfanwy
Price (and others), Janet O'Brien
plays Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard (and
more), Janice Barto acts Mrs.
Pugh (etc.), Virginia Teare por-
trays Mary Ann Sailors, and
Jeanne Lucas is the earthy Polly
Garter, who couldn't say no, not
even to a midget.
It is tribute to these actresses
that no one of them stands out,
for good or bad, in a long series
of roles which, though carefully
drawn by the author, need even
more careful attention by the ac-
tresses. As each of the villagers
flit across the stage, it is the in-
dividual, not the performer, that
the audience sees.
* * *
IF THE men in the cast are
slightly less successful, it is the
result of overacting. Guiltiest of all
is Peter Goldfarb, who might bet-
ter play a talking guide-book by
reading in a more reserved Eng-
lish manner and letting the audi-
ence find the subtlety of the writ-
ing for itself.
Albert Katz plays a string of
the less colorful folk and does
them well; Tom Jennings and
Jack O'Brien Join the rest of the
cast in producing assorted sound
effects and occasional song, as
well as acting another ten or more
roles.
The only remaining problem
with this "Under Milk Wood" is
the one of timing, which will
probably work itself out in subse-
quent performances. With a little
tightening, the interruptive inter-
mission could well be eliminated.
-Vernon Nahrgang
in military terms-" You have to be
not believe that there is a
basic conflict between the sym-
phony men and the conductor.
In Mr. Burgin's view, the con-
ductor is merely "an economic
factor," an organizing unit of sym-
phonic music. Since it is clear
that 100 men could never agree
on the same interpretation of the
work, it has been decided historic-
ally that the job of presenting a
performance should rest with the
conductor.
* *
SIMILARLY, Mr. Burgin sees
his role of concertmaster basically
as that of an organizing unit, in
the large string section and the
this case a iason agent between
conductor. "The role of the con-
certmaster has been greatly exag-
gerated; the conductor must ask
someone to help him out, and so
he asks the concertmaster," he
states frankly.
Nevertheless, Mr. Burgin, who is
retiring this season as concert-
master and keeping his conducting
job, sees a positive role for the
conductor. Though the courseof
the last 200 years or so of music
history, the role of the conductor
has greatly increased, partly due
to the increase in size of perform-
ing groups. Finally a composer
arrived who chose to speak di-
rectly to the conductor: Gustav
Mahler, himself agreat conductor.
"Mahler not only told the con-
ductor what to do, but what not
to do, since he himself knew the
pitfalls of conducting," Mr. Bur-
gin says.
As performing groups increased
in size, the services of the "eco
nomic factor" that Mr. Burgin
sees in the conductor became very
more necessary to produce cohe-
sive and coherent performances.
Yet it was not until the middle-
to-late nineteenth century that the
conductor became the great per-
sonification of genius in symphonic
interpretation that we know today
in the wide-spread admiration, al-
most adulation, of such men as
Toscanini.
DAILY OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no editorial
responsibility. Notices should be
sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3564 Administration Building
before 2 p.m., two days 'preceding
publication.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 1
General Notices
Regents' Meeting: Sept. 21. Communi-
cations for consideration at this meet-
ing must be in the President's hands
not later than Sept. 11. Please submit
35 copies of each communication.
A breakfast honoring candidates for
the masters degree will be held at the
Mich. Union on Aug. 5, at 9:00 a.m.
Candidates who have not picked up
their tickets may do so before 4:00
p.m. FrI., Aug. 3, at Room 4507 Adin.
Events
Doctoral Examination for James Alan
Dunn, Education & Psychology; the-
sis: "A Comparative Study of Pupil
Construct Systems Relevant to Class-
(Continued on Page 3)
a good soldier," he says- he does
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
To the Editor:
FROM far behind, the Soviet Un-
ion caught up and surpassed us
with the first hydrogen bomb ex-
plosion August 12, 1953. Our first
hydrogen bomb explosion was
March.g1954. With 201 tests the
West has polluted the atmosphere
with 66 tons of fallout; the Soviets
with 86 tests, 86 tons of pollution,
evidence that with fewer tests
they have made more destructive
gain.
They were first to put a Sput-
nik into orbit, first to put a man
into space, the only ones to hit
and encircle the molon, and, Ed-
ward Teller to the contrary, will
no doubt be first with a lunar
colony. Their boosters, missiles and
satellites are more powerful, heav-
ier, and more accurate (our shot
missed the moon).
* * *
A SOVIET rocket shot down the
U-2 plane, which was at extreme
altitude, showing mastery of the
antimissile principle. They have
exploded a 59 megaton device
and launched an earthgirdling sat-
ellite which can fire nuclear war-
heads with precision to specific
points on earth. They have sophi-
ticated weapons, the President of
the United States tells us, of more
yield for less weight. "The Soviets
have made major gains in develop-
ing larger weapons of low weight
and high explosive content."
At this rate, they have more to
gain from a new round of testing
than we have. We are likely to
drop farther behind than catch up.
Kennedy's test decision is one of
desperation and folly, and Wagner
is wrong, not right, in what he said
at Raleigh.
* * *
OUR present policy of downgrad-
ing Soviet weapons technology is
deceptive and dangerous. It leads
us to exceed our national power
inviting disaster. A patriotism of
falsehood will not save us. Only a
patriotism of truth can do that.
We have a glorious country, which
we love and to which we are loyal,
but our present policies are mak-
ing it one vast crematory in which
we shall be incinerated. It will be
no comfort that all the Russians
are ashes also. We must learn to
distinguish between courage and
stupidity.
-Rev. Henry Ratiif
Great Barringtou,.Mass.
Deformity...
To the Editor:
DAY-OLD limbless baby: " . .
but Doctor I have a 162 I.Q.!"
Physician: "Sorry baby, but our
local statute states: ' .. normalcy
and usefulness depend upon hav-
ing two arms and two legs'."
"Should Euthanasia Be Allowed
for Drug-Crippled Babies?" (7-
27-62).
-Richard L. Demolen, Grad,
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TODAY AND TOMORROW:
U.S. Must Examine
Balance of Payments
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'U' Gets Useful Research Grants
IT IS GOOD to see that the University is
continuing to encourage research efforts in
non-technical, non-military fields,
Two grants announced yesterday-one to
support the public health school's increased
training and research activity into water pol-
lution, the other to finance the nation's first
electronic study of highway drivers' behavior-
are only the latest in a remarkable number
received here so far this summer.
University departments and faculty members
have been given (in chronological order):
A $54,000 FEDERAL GRANT for the Bureau
of Hospital Administration to, conduct a
two-year study of the relationship between any
community's social, economic and demographic
characteristics and its needs for hospital beds
and health programs;
A $1.5 million federal grant to construct
additional research facilities in the Kresge
Hearing Bldg.;
A $200,000 Health, Education and Welfare
stipend to support a- massive investigation by
social work school faculty members into meth-
ods of curing juvenile delinquency and pro-
posals for new curricula on the problem;
A FOUNDATION GRANT for the Medical
School to establish a center for the study
versity as well as the faculty members chosen
for the projects.
BUT ANY ENHANCEMENT of the Univer-
sity's reputation is far overshadowed by the
social benefit to be derived. Perhaps at the
completion of the research, water pollution,
lack of community knowledge of its health
needs, deafness and birth defects will remain
as barriers to progress of man's physical well
being.
Perhaps incompetent driving, juvenile de-
linquency and the biology systems of animals
will remain fields of knowledge and activity
frustrating to the scientific accumulation of
data.
University researchers don't promise to come
up with the cure-all or the panacea. But they
do promise to do the best they can, and just
maybe they will discover something fantastic,
.or something nobody ever knew before.
THE VOLUME of grants received here is a
good indication that national institutions
have confidence that the University is a place
with the best chance of making a great dis-
covery, of pushing back the barriers of ig-
norance. And no matter how little of how
much is found, the public good is increased by
that amount.
By WALTER LIPPMANN
THERE is under way the forma-
tion of a policy to stimulate the
recovery, which is now sluggish,
and to sustain and prolong it
against the inset of another re-
cession. Within the Administra-
tion this specific program of meas-
ures, particularly the timing and
shape of the tax cut, is still being
studied, and the final decision will
presumably be made when the fig-
ures come in during the next two
months. But there is general
agreement, which has wide public
support, that the American econo-
my needs expensive measures to
make sure that the present re-
covery is not aborted.
There is agreement also that in
making the program of measures
this country is not an island which
can ignore Europe and the opinion
of European bankers and investors.
We have become a deficit country
in international payments, and
foreigners have on deposit in this
country some $24 billion for which
they have the right to demand
payment in gold. The question
which hangs over us is whether,
if we reflate our economy by re-
ducing taxes and thus incur a
larger deficit in the administrative
budget, the Europeans will start a
run on our gold reserves by cash-
ing in their dollars.
* * *
THIS is a very serious question,
and we would indeed be caught in
a dangerous squeeze if it were true
that a program to restore full em-
ployment to our own economy
could be adopted only at the risk
of provoking an international
panic over the dollar. The answer
to the question is that there will
be no such squeeze unless the re-
sponsible officials and private fi-
nanciers on both sides of the At-
lantitcnbecomessuddenly impru-
dent and reckless.
On the part of the American of-
ficials there are certain recogniz-
able limits beyond which they can-
not prudently carry the expansive
measures. They cannot, as in the
past, make money cheaper here
than it is in the European finan-
cial market. Money must, in fact,
be somewhat dearer so that there
is no incentive to take dollars away
from the United States and move
them to Europe.
Above all, the managers must fit
the expansive measures to the fact
that their task is to overcome a
deflation and that this will be
achieved when they have reached
a modest goal of no more than
about 4 per cent unemployment. If
they act in this conservative way,
there will be no inflation, and
therefore there will be no rational
reason for a run on our gold re-
serves.
HAVING SAID THAT, it must
also be said that the gold prob-
lem is not an American problem
alone. It is Europe's problem no
less. The problem has been created
since 1950, that is to say, since the
United States adopted the Mar-
shall Plan for European recovery
and the Truman Doctrine for the
containment of Communism. Since
1050 we have run an average net
deficit in our international trans-
actions of nearly $2 billion a year.
Over the whole period this has
amounted to a deficit of about $24
billion.
In foreign capital investment, in
military expenditures abroad, and
in foreign aid we have paid out $24
billion more than we have earned.
By doing this, we have helped the
recovery and the defense of Eu-
rope, and we have provided the re-
serves on which the post-war mon-
etary systems of the free econo-
mies rest.
IT IS OBVIOUS that a Euro-
pean run on the dollar, if it be-
came panicky, would shake the
monetary system of Europe at least
as bady as it would shake our own,
perhaps more badly. Moreover, Eu-
ropeans who are wise in the ways
of the world-having lived through
years of monetary instability-will
realize two things. One is that a
nation as powerful financially as
is the United States can, if driven
to it, defend itself in a great va-
riety of ways. The other is that no
strong nation will sacrifice the
control of its own economic devel-
opment to unreasonable pressures
from abroad. When the United
States undertook the Marshall
Plan, which has been such a bril-
liant success, it never agreed to
subject itself to the opinions and
prejudices of elderly bankers in
Zurich and elsewhere.
There is every reason to think
that there will be no panic. The
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"Direct From Across The Ocean - Ain't That Nice!"
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