Seventy-Second Year EDITED.AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN _ UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Where Opinions Are r STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. " ANN ARBOR, MIcH. Phone No 2-3241 Truth Will Prevail" Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints. THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 1962 NIGHT EDITOR: PHILIP SUTIN ON THE ROAD: Burgin Views Roles Of Players, Conductor By MARK SLOBIN Daily Correspondent TANGLEWOOD-For many years now, Richard Burgin has been leading a double life. As both concertmaster and assistant conductor of the Boston Symphony, Mr. Burgin has been able to view the traditional battle between the orchestra and its leader from both camps. But although Mr. Burgin phrases the role of the concertmaster $1 ( New City Income Taxes Pose Problems for Future H AMTRAMCK JOINED DETROIT Tuesday night by passing a city income tax. This move, aside from raising revenues needed to cover a fiscal deficit, has grave implications for all the state's residents. The tax is the start of a trend to copy the Detroit tax, both in an effort to retaliate against Detroit by taxing Detroit residents working in the area and to raise needed rev- enue to finance expanding municipal services. The Vigilance Tax Committee of suburban Detroit mayors has managed to limit the trend to Hamtramck's action. However, Ecorse and Dearborn are preparing to put the ques- tion to the electorate and a number of other cities, including Ann Arbor, are considering the measure. THE TAX is a necessary levy; as costs of government are rising as fast as the need for additional services, placing a double burden on overworked and mined-out property taxes. These levies can no longer be expected to pay for municipal services. However, a proliferation of such taxes can create chaos and confusion. Fortunately, the Hamtramck tax is identical to the Detroit model, but future ones may not be. Other cities may enact different provisions, make conflicting definitions of "resident," "non- resident" and "worker," or set up dif- ferent exemption schemes.' For the person who lives and works in two separate cities the result will be confusion. He will have to keep complexrecords to determine what is taxable in one city and not in another. Many errors and law suits will be the only result, their costs eating away at both the taxable income and expected revenue. TO PREVENT this potential chaos, state regulation is needed. The Legislature should set up standard definitions and procedures leaving only amount of the levy to be deter- mined by the cities. However, the current Legislature is in no position to do this. It is blinded by prejudice against income taxes in general-city, state and in some cases national-and is unwilling to take the positive attitude needed to revise regulations. The Legislature can also take another ap- proach towards the city taxes. It can enact a state income tax and return a set percentage to the areas in which it is collected. ASIDE FROM adding to the empty state coffers, the state-wide levy will be uniform and will provide an easy means to collect and disburse the revenue. However, it will not be as helpful to the cities as their own levies, for the yield will be lower and spread throughout the state. Cities un- willing to enact the tax or not needing the measure will obtain benefits while municipili- ties needing the revenue will be short-changed. It is unlikely that the Legislature would accept this solution in the near future despite the state's fiscal woes. As two years of fruit- less debate have proven, the Legislature is still bound to the past and not yet ready to set up a modern fiscal structure. Thus until a new attitude is taken, the state stands on the brink of confusion. The income tax is a necessary levy, but is so com- plex that conflicting versions can lead to chaos. Only the Legislature can straighten this tangle out. --PHILIP SUTIN -Daily-Michael de Gaetano UNDER MILK WOOD-Eleven actors create more than 40 roles in the Dylan Thomas play for voices which continues nightly through Saturday at Trueblood Auditorium in the Frieze Bldg. AT TRUEBLOOD AUDITORIUM: 'Under. Milk Wood'Delightful THEATREGOERS planning to attend one of this week's per- formances of "Under Milk Wood" will do well to get themselves to Trueblood Auditorium and into their seats before 8 p.m., for the "curtain" rises promptly and there isn't a word to be missed in this beautifully written poetic drama by Dylan Thomas. Latecomers to last night's open-.. ing entirely dispelled the effect of the first five minutes of the play, which not only annoyed everyone but got the performance off to a difficult start as well. More poetry than drama, "Un- der Milk Wood" is, to give it its full title, "A Play for Voices"; the audience hears, rather than sees, the inhabitants of the Welsh vil- lage of Llareggub going about their daily routine. What little action there is on stage is extraneous to the play although often quite de- lightful as it punctuates the speech. * * * IN THE present production, the University Players of the speech department have relied a little too heavily on stage action (the chil- dren's games are played clumsily) where they would have been bet- ter to work harder on getting the poetry to the audience. Many amusing moments in the play were either too subtle or too poorly pre- sented to last night's audience, which missed much. Yet the speech department has come up with a strong production of "Under Milk Wood" that makes up in vitality what it may lack in sensitivity. The staging is appro- priate and useful without being distracting, and the intimacy of Trueblood Auditorium is used to great advantage. Carlton Berry and Edward Cic- ciarelli have the long and demand- ing r o 1 e s of quasi-narrators. Berry's voice is the best on stage, often very fine indeed, and much of the success of the play is his as well. But he could be still more familiar with the play and he needs to find some place to put his hands. Cicciarelli's readings are more sensuous and occasional- Gov, Kerner Finds Easy Solutions YESTERDAY in Illinois, thanks to "God, Governor Kerner, and all the men who had faith," the life of Paul Crump, a convicted murderer, was spared after a nine-year legal battle. Otto Kerner exercized his power of executive clemency in the case because, he explained, Crump "must be accepted as rehabilitated. "Under the circumstances, it would serve no useful purpose to society to take this man's life. The power of clemency entrusted to the governor permits giving effect to this judge- ment." The Illinois Parole Board, after studying the case and ,listening to Crump, agreed with Kerner that the convicted man had been "completely rehabilitated." BUT IN ADDITION to being a statesman, able to decide under certain circumstances who will live or die, Kerner is a politician. And therefore his decision couldn't be entirely humanitarian. For some of the voters of Illinois-perhaps enough to upset Kerner in the next guberna- torial election-think Crump has not been rehabilitated at all and deserves to die as the law, as the jury, prescribed. So Kerner, although he had admitted that the man was changed, although he had con- fessed that Crump be useful to society, did not free him. Nor even give him a mild sen- tence; say life, which in Illinois could allow parole. RATHER, 'he commuted the death penalty to a 199-year sentence and in a particularly generous mood recommended that no parole ever be granted. When Crump asked that he be given his life, he did not claim that he was innocent: he said that in his years in prison he had found something new in himself and had become rehabilitated. He claimed he could benefit society. Evidently this is true. And if it is true and if the man has changed, then he ought to be freed, for the prison has done its work and there is no point keeping him locked up for another day, much less for the rest of his life. REHABILITATION MEANS that he has changed completely, and that he can live in organized society and benefit the people around him. It does not mean that Crump or that anyone "rehabilitated" in a penal in- stitution has found a set of values which enable him to exist and be good for the society in the prison, and not under normal con- ditions. Were this the case, there would be no point in having prison sentences less than life any- way since judicial bodies send people there to be rehabilitated. Men are theoretically let go after a certain length of time because they can live in society. Kerner's decision was expedient: it pleased the group that wanted Crump to live, and it can't help but satisfy the crowd who want him to die. And Kerner gets the credit, Tn 1893 another Illinois governor, John Alt- geld freed the last living Haymarket Riot de- fendants because he believed they were in- nocent. It .ended his political career in Illinois. Profiting from the example, Kerner curbed whatever bravery he might have had. They say tears came to Crump's eyes when he heard the decision. It was a big day for jus- tice in the state of Illinois. -DENISE WACKER ly seem forced, but they are every bit effective, as are his facial ex- pressions when the other mem- bers of the cast remain rather constantly deadpan. THERE are nine other members of the cast, and among them they share 38 name roles plus assorted "voices." That a large number of individual characterizations stand out clearly is the result of both vigorous acting and careful direc- tion by Claribel Baird. Barbara Alice Shade is Myfanwy Price (and others), Janet O'Brien plays Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard (and more), Janice Barto acts Mrs. Pugh (etc.), Virginia Teare por- trays Mary Ann Sailors, and Jeanne Lucas is the earthy Polly Garter, who couldn't say no, not even to a midget. It is tribute to these actresses that no one of them stands out, for good or bad, in a long series of roles which, though carefully drawn by the author, need even more careful attention by the ac- tresses. As each of the villagers flit across the stage, it is the in- dividual, not the performer, that the audience sees. * * * IF THE men in the cast are slightly less successful, it is the result of overacting. Guiltiest of all is Peter Goldfarb, who might bet- ter play a talking guide-book by reading in a more reserved Eng- lish manner and letting the audi- ence find the subtlety of the writ- ing for itself. Albert Katz plays a string of the less colorful folk and does them well; Tom Jennings and Jack O'Brien Join the rest of the cast in producing assorted sound effects and occasional song, as well as acting another ten or more roles. The only remaining problem with this "Under Milk Wood" is the one of timing, which will probably work itself out in subse- quent performances. With a little tightening, the interruptive inter- mission could well be eliminated. -Vernon Nahrgang in military terms-" You have to be not believe that there is a basic conflict between the sym- phony men and the conductor. In Mr. Burgin's view, the con- ductor is merely "an economic factor," an organizing unit of sym- phonic music. Since it is clear that 100 men could never agree on the same interpretation of the work, it has been decided historic- ally that the job of presenting a performance should rest with the conductor. * * SIMILARLY, Mr. Burgin sees his role of concertmaster basically as that of an organizing unit, in the large string section and the this case a iason agent between conductor. "The role of the con- certmaster has been greatly exag- gerated; the conductor must ask someone to help him out, and so he asks the concertmaster," he states frankly. Nevertheless, Mr. Burgin, who is retiring this season as concert- master and keeping his conducting job, sees a positive role for the conductor. Though the courseof the last 200 years or so of music history, the role of the conductor has greatly increased, partly due to the increase in size of perform- ing groups. Finally a composer arrived who chose to speak di- rectly to the conductor: Gustav Mahler, himself agreat conductor. "Mahler not only told the con- ductor what to do, but what not to do, since he himself knew the pitfalls of conducting," Mr. Bur- gin says. As performing groups increased in size, the services of the "eco nomic factor" that Mr. Burgin sees in the conductor became very more necessary to produce cohe- sive and coherent performances. Yet it was not until the middle- to-late nineteenth century that the conductor became the great per- sonification of genius in symphonic interpretation that we know today in the wide-spread admiration, al- most adulation, of such men as Toscanini. DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN The Daily Official Bulletin is an official publication of The Univer- sity of Michigan for which The Michigan Daily assumes no editorial responsibility. Notices should be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room 3564 Administration Building before 2 p.m., two days 'preceding publication. THURSDAY, AUGUST 1 General Notices Regents' Meeting: Sept. 21. Communi- cations for consideration at this meet- ing must be in the President's hands not later than Sept. 11. Please submit 35 copies of each communication. A breakfast honoring candidates for the masters degree will be held at the Mich. Union on Aug. 5, at 9:00 a.m. Candidates who have not picked up their tickets may do so before 4:00 p.m. FrI., Aug. 3, at Room 4507 Adin. Events Doctoral Examination for James Alan Dunn, Education & Psychology; the- sis: "A Comparative Study of Pupil Construct Systems Relevant to Class- (Continued on Page 3) a good soldier," he says- he does LETTERS to the EDITOR To the Editor: FROM far behind, the Soviet Un- ion caught up and surpassed us with the first hydrogen bomb ex- plosion August 12, 1953. Our first hydrogen bomb explosion was March.g1954. With 201 tests the West has polluted the atmosphere with 66 tons of fallout; the Soviets with 86 tests, 86 tons of pollution, evidence that with fewer tests they have made more destructive gain. They were first to put a Sput- nik into orbit, first to put a man into space, the only ones to hit and encircle the molon, and, Ed- ward Teller to the contrary, will no doubt be first with a lunar colony. Their boosters, missiles and satellites are more powerful, heav- ier, and more accurate (our shot missed the moon). * * * A SOVIET rocket shot down the U-2 plane, which was at extreme altitude, showing mastery of the antimissile principle. They have exploded a 59 megaton device and launched an earthgirdling sat- ellite which can fire nuclear war- heads with precision to specific points on earth. They have sophi- ticated weapons, the President of the United States tells us, of more yield for less weight. "The Soviets have made major gains in develop- ing larger weapons of low weight and high explosive content." At this rate, they have more to gain from a new round of testing than we have. We are likely to drop farther behind than catch up. Kennedy's test decision is one of desperation and folly, and Wagner is wrong, not right, in what he said at Raleigh. * * * OUR present policy of downgrad- ing Soviet weapons technology is deceptive and dangerous. It leads us to exceed our national power inviting disaster. A patriotism of falsehood will not save us. Only a patriotism of truth can do that. We have a glorious country, which we love and to which we are loyal, but our present policies are mak- ing it one vast crematory in which we shall be incinerated. It will be no comfort that all the Russians are ashes also. We must learn to distinguish between courage and stupidity. -Rev. Henry Ratiif Great Barringtou,.Mass. Deformity... To the Editor: DAY-OLD limbless baby: " . . but Doctor I have a 162 I.Q.!" Physician: "Sorry baby, but our local statute states: ' .. normalcy and usefulness depend upon hav- ing two arms and two legs'." "Should Euthanasia Be Allowed for Drug-Crippled Babies?" (7- 27-62). -Richard L. Demolen, Grad, 1 I TODAY AND TOMORROW: U.S. Must Examine Balance of Payments #_ ', 'U' Gets Useful Research Grants IT IS GOOD to see that the University is continuing to encourage research efforts in non-technical, non-military fields, Two grants announced yesterday-one to support the public health school's increased training and research activity into water pol- lution, the other to finance the nation's first electronic study of highway drivers' behavior- are only the latest in a remarkable number received here so far this summer. University departments and faculty members have been given (in chronological order): A $54,000 FEDERAL GRANT for the Bureau of Hospital Administration to, conduct a two-year study of the relationship between any community's social, economic and demographic characteristics and its needs for hospital beds and health programs; A $1.5 million federal grant to construct additional research facilities in the Kresge Hearing Bldg.; A $200,000 Health, Education and Welfare stipend to support a- massive investigation by social work school faculty members into meth- ods of curing juvenile delinquency and pro- posals for new curricula on the problem; A FOUNDATION GRANT for the Medical School to establish a center for the study versity as well as the faculty members chosen for the projects. BUT ANY ENHANCEMENT of the Univer- sity's reputation is far overshadowed by the social benefit to be derived. Perhaps at the completion of the research, water pollution, lack of community knowledge of its health needs, deafness and birth defects will remain as barriers to progress of man's physical well being. Perhaps incompetent driving, juvenile de- linquency and the biology systems of animals will remain fields of knowledge and activity frustrating to the scientific accumulation of data. University researchers don't promise to come up with the cure-all or the panacea. But they do promise to do the best they can, and just maybe they will discover something fantastic, .or something nobody ever knew before. THE VOLUME of grants received here is a good indication that national institutions have confidence that the University is a place with the best chance of making a great dis- covery, of pushing back the barriers of ig- norance. And no matter how little of how much is found, the public good is increased by that amount. By WALTER LIPPMANN THERE is under way the forma- tion of a policy to stimulate the recovery, which is now sluggish, and to sustain and prolong it against the inset of another re- cession. Within the Administra- tion this specific program of meas- ures, particularly the timing and shape of the tax cut, is still being studied, and the final decision will presumably be made when the fig- ures come in during the next two months. But there is general agreement, which has wide public support, that the American econo- my needs expensive measures to make sure that the present re- covery is not aborted. There is agreement also that in making the program of measures this country is not an island which can ignore Europe and the opinion of European bankers and investors. We have become a deficit country in international payments, and foreigners have on deposit in this country some $24 billion for which they have the right to demand payment in gold. The question which hangs over us is whether, if we reflate our economy by re- ducing taxes and thus incur a larger deficit in the administrative budget, the Europeans will start a run on our gold reserves by cash- ing in their dollars. * * * THIS is a very serious question, and we would indeed be caught in a dangerous squeeze if it were true that a program to restore full em- ployment to our own economy could be adopted only at the risk of provoking an international panic over the dollar. The answer to the question is that there will be no such squeeze unless the re- sponsible officials and private fi- nanciers on both sides of the At- lantitcnbecomessuddenly impru- dent and reckless. On the part of the American of- ficials there are certain recogniz- able limits beyond which they can- not prudently carry the expansive measures. They cannot, as in the past, make money cheaper here than it is in the European finan- cial market. Money must, in fact, be somewhat dearer so that there is no incentive to take dollars away from the United States and move them to Europe. Above all, the managers must fit the expansive measures to the fact that their task is to overcome a deflation and that this will be achieved when they have reached a modest goal of no more than about 4 per cent unemployment. If they act in this conservative way, there will be no inflation, and therefore there will be no rational reason for a run on our gold re- serves. HAVING SAID THAT, it must also be said that the gold prob- lem is not an American problem alone. It is Europe's problem no less. The problem has been created since 1950, that is to say, since the United States adopted the Mar- shall Plan for European recovery and the Truman Doctrine for the containment of Communism. Since 1050 we have run an average net deficit in our international trans- actions of nearly $2 billion a year. Over the whole period this has amounted to a deficit of about $24 billion. In foreign capital investment, in military expenditures abroad, and in foreign aid we have paid out $24 billion more than we have earned. By doing this, we have helped the recovery and the defense of Eu- rope, and we have provided the re- serves on which the post-war mon- etary systems of the free econo- mies rest. IT IS OBVIOUS that a Euro- pean run on the dollar, if it be- came panicky, would shake the monetary system of Europe at least as bady as it would shake our own, perhaps more badly. Moreover, Eu- ropeans who are wise in the ways of the world-having lived through years of monetary instability-will realize two things. One is that a nation as powerful financially as is the United States can, if driven to it, defend itself in a great va- riety of ways. The other is that no strong nation will sacrifice the control of its own economic devel- opment to unreasonable pressures from abroad. When the United States undertook the Marshall Plan, which has been such a bril- liant success, it never agreed to subject itself to the opinions and prejudices of elderly bankers in Zurich and elsewhere. There is every reason to think that there will be no panic. The ;,# "Direct From Across The Ocean - Ain't That Nice!" i "An I