PRESIDENT QUIET
ON FREEDOM RIDES
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Seventy Years of Editorial Freedom
VOL. LXXI, No. 17 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JULY 21, 1961 FIVE CENTS
FOUR PAGES
Kennedy Plans Steps
Against Berlin Crisis
Prepares Program for Presentation;
Rusk Asks Allied Briefing Session
WASHINGTON (A) - President John F. Kennedy yesterday
moved ahead on two fronts with his plan to step up defenses against
the Soviet threat hanging over Berlin.
Kennedy had aides shaping up a detailed program which the
President will present to the American people in a nationwide radio-
television speech Tuesday night and to Congress Wednesday.
Prompt Relay
On the diplomatic front, Kennedy arranged for prompt relay
to major Western allies of the
Set Change
In Defense
WASHINGTON (A) - Preside
John F. Kennedy yesterday tran
ferred to the Pentagon virtua
full responsibility for civil defenz
He instructed Secretary of D
fense Robert S. McNamara
mount a "greatly accelerated" pr
tection program and develop
nationwide fallout shelter syste:
The White House announc(
Kennedy will spell out the sco]
and cost - reportedly $300 milli(
this year, or treble the previous
planned outlay - in his televisi(
talk to the nation next Tuesd
and in a special defense messa
to Congress a day later.
In an executive order ending
subsurface controversy that h
simmered for weeks, Kenne(
stripped the Office of Civil a]
Defense Mobilization of substa:
tially all operating functions. Tl
order is effective Aug. 1.
Resume Talks
With Algerian
LUGRIN, France (A') - Franc
and the Algerian rebels resum
peace talks yesterday aimed
ending the seven year rebellion:
the North African territory. T
rebels hinted at a compromise.-
After an hour long meeting
the first in five weeks-the rebe
revealed a new willingness to. di
cuss specific issues with Franc
The apparent turn in approa(
for the Nationalist Liberati(
Front (FLN) came as France w
embroiled with Tunisia over tl
naval base of Bizerte and Tunisia
claims to part of the Sahara.
The Tunisian crisis was n
mentioned at the meeting. But
was announced later in Tunis th
the rebel government had repeat(
its offer to supply military help
the Tunisians.
A rebel spokesman told newsmi
in Geneva that the FLN is rear
to make "certain gestures of a:
peasement" to the French as soc
as a political settlement is J
sight.
The spokesman said Belkace
Krim, head of the delegation, hF
submitted a tentative agenda f4
discussions to include guarante,
to French residents of Algeria ai
plans for cooperation betwe
Algeria and France.
details on what he termed his "final
T judgment" reached at a National
Security Council meeting Wednes-
day on combatting the Berlin
threat.
Secretary of State Dean Rusk
asked the British, French and
West German ambassadors to a
nt briefing this afternoon.
Top Pentagon"officials, headed
s- by Secretary of Defense Robert
S. McNamara and Gen. Lyman
)e- Lemnitzer, chairman of the Joint
Authority
Asks Calm
In Berlin
BERLIN () - Despite the in-
creased flow of refugees into West
Berlin and Communist blasts at
a big Protestant rally, Mayor Willy
Brandt declared yesterday he sees
no reason for panic concerning
this divided city.
He said he did not believe there
would be war because of Berlin.
But he cautioned it would be silly
not to consider the possible con-
sequences of the situation.
"It would be frivolous not to
keep clearly in mind the things
that are also preoccupying respon-
sible statesmen-I have never said
the crisis de are dealing with is
devoid of any risk," he told a news
conference.
Thousands Flee
Brandt said that in the first 18
days of this month, 15,624 East
Germans-or about double the
average rate-had registered in
West Berlin. Thousands more flew
out of the city without register-
ing.
Brandt termed propaganda Red
accusations that the refugees are
being lured..
As the Socialist candidate for
chancellor of West Germany,
Brandt was asked if he would ne-
gotiate with Red leader Walther
Ulbricht of elected.
. No Negotiation
"I think I would have some-
thing better to do that that," he
answered.
He condemned the East German
regime for "incompetence and
shabbiness" and said this was ex-
emplified by its action against the
church rally in Berlin.
Yesterday's Red-controlled Ber-
liner Zeitung carried a front page
editorial saying the rally is a
"demonstration on behalf of the
West's policy of power politics.
The editorial said the rally's.
main purpose is to cover up "the
fact that West Berlin is, so to
speak, a permanent U-2 base for
espionage and sabotage against
the Socialist countries" of the So-
viet bloc.
Says Western
Berlin Outlook
'Not Realistic'
NEW YORK (P) - The Soviet
ambassador to the United States,
Mikhail Menshikov, said yesterday
a Western view that it might have
to fight for West Berlin is unreal-
istic.
Menshikov said the "abnormal"
situation of the divided city is get-
ting more tense and could lead to
World War III but that there is
time to deal with the matter
peacefully. He predicted an East-
West peace conference on Berlin
before the end of the year.
He said the Soviet Union in-
tends' to sign peace treaties with
the "two Germany"-East and
West-regardless of what the
Western nations do. The future of
Berlin then would be left to the
Germans and therefore there
would be nothing to fight about,
he said.
Menshikov boarded the liner
United States for a month-long
vacation at home.
He told newsmen his trip was
solely for holiday purposes and had
nothing to do with the Berlin sit-
uation.
Ready
Call Special
UNf Session
OnTunisia
Charges French Attack
Threatens Security.
UNITED NATIONS (A') - At the
request of Tunisia, the United
Nations Security Council yester-
day was called into urgent ses-
sion for 1:30 p.m., (EST) today
on the French-Tunisian crisis over
Bizerte.
Tunisia charged France with
premeditated aggression and asked
the Council to compel French mili-
tary forces to withdraw from the
Bizerte naval base.
Council President Leopoldo Ben-
ites of Ecuador summoned the 11-
nation Council after consulting
with its members.
Presents Letter
He acted after Ambassador Ha-
bib Bourguiba, Jr., son of the
Tunisian president, presented Ben-
ites with a letter demanding the
meeting.
Bourguiba, who is head of the
Tunisian UN delegation and am-
bassador to Washington, returned
to the United States capital for
conferences after presenting the
letter. He expressed hope he could
consult ''with the White House.
The crisis put the Kennedy ad-
ministration in a tough spot. Bour-
guiba is regarded as a warm friend
of the United States. The adminis-
tration has also been making
special effort to improve relations
with French President de Gaulle.
The Tunisian ambassador pre-
sented to Benites a cable from
Sadok Mokaddem, secretary of
state for foreign affairs, claiming
that since Wednesday French mili-
tary and naval forces have been
attacking "the town and govern-
ment of Bizerte," killing many per-
sons and causing extensive dam-
age.
'Flagrant' Abuse
"These acts represent a fla-
grant violation of the airspace and
the territorial integrity of Tun-
isia, a member of the UN," the
letter added. "They also consti-
tute a clear and premeditated act
of aggression gravely threatening
international peace and security."
In view of the gravity of the
situation, the letter declared, "my
government considers that it is
the Security Council's duty to
take such measures as it deems
necessary in order to put an end
to this aggression and have all
French troops withdrawn from
Tunisian territory."
Mongi Slim, former UN ambas-
sador and now an official in the
Tunisian foreign ministry, was
hurrying to New York to take part
in the Council debate.
The French delegation to the
UN said its head, Ambassador
Armand Berard, was in Paris and
could not be on hand until this
afternoon at the earliest.
Bourguiba sought a Thursday
night meeting of the Council, but
Benites, after consulting with oth-
er members, said no meeting was
possible until today.
Force
for
Bizerte
-AP Wirephoto
TUNISIAN DEMONSTRATION-Tunisian demonstrators wave flags during a rally in front of the
presidential palace in Tunis yesterday, in protest against the French.
PRELIMINARY BRIEFING:-
Tentatively Set Astronaut Flight
French Shatter
Tunisian Lines,
JOHN F. KENNEDY
defense measures
Chiefs of Staff, arranged to leave
for Paris and London Saturday
to confer with the NATO com-
mander, Gen. Lauris Norstad, and
British defense officials.
Plans Return
The United States ambassador
to NATO, Thomas K. Finletter,
who attended the Security Coun-
cil session, plans to return to
Paris Saturday to report to the
14 NATO allies.
Ray D. Kohler, assistant sec-
retary of state for European af-
fairs, prepared to leave for Paris
next week with a small group of
United States diplomatic experts.
Kohler's group- and similar units
from other major Western allies
are to lay the groundwork for a
foreign ministers meeting among
the Western big four in the French
capital Aug. 5-7.
Informants said the United
States intends not only to acquaint
the Allies with Kennedy's plans,
but also to solicit added efforts
by the Allies, obtain closed co-
ordination and consider political
and economic as well as military
steps to counter Communist pres-
sures.
CAPE CANAVERAL (A')-Weath-
ermen last night gave a tentative
"go-ahead" to plans to rocket as-
tronaut Virgil L. Grissom into
space shortly after daybreak to-
day.
But they said a determination
on whether to proceed with the
terminal countdown had to await
another weather briefing sched-
uled for 2 a.m. (EST) today.
With one eye on a Caribbean
hurricane, meteorologists report-
Panel Studies
Bomb Testing
By Russians
WASHINGTON () - Eleven
United States scientists have been
meeting in secret for some time,
trying to find out whether Russia
is testing nuclear weapons on the
sly.
He announced creation of the
panel last June 28. But not until
the White House announced the
membership yesterday did news-
men know that the panel had been
meeting.
The panel's report will help
Kennedy decide whether the Unit-
ed States should resume testing
of nuclear weapons.
In late 1958, both former Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower and
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev
separately announced their coun-
tries would stop nuclear weapons
testing temporarily and negotiate
for a permanent ban.
Their actions were prompted by
worldwide fears and cries of pro-
test against the fallout from nu-
clear tests. Some scientists said
the fallout contained substances
that could cause cancer in pres-
ent generations or serious body
changes in future generations.
ed after a 10 p.m. briefing last
night that the weather for today's
projected space trip by Grissom
was rated by experts at 10:55 p.m.
as "somewhat improved but still
marginal."
Atlantic Range
As of late last night Grissom
was due to be rocketed 290 miles
down the Atlantic missile range at
6 a.m. (EST) today.
Paul Haney, spokesman for the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, reported t h e
countdown on the missile for Gris-
som's flight had been resumed at
10:45 p.m.
The weather experts held an in-
tensive meeting in the blockhouse
adjacent to the launch pad at 10
P.M.
Awakened Early
Grissom will be awakened in the
point of the countdown at 290
minutes before launch.
Astronaut Donald Slayton will
ride with him from the Mercury
hangar to the pad to give him
briefing on all latest develop-
ments on countdown and prepara-
tions.
He spent the afternoon in crew
quarters with Dr. William Doug-
las, the astronauts' physician,
and Slayton.
Aid Program
Well Received
In Committee
WASHINGTON (A') - The Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Committee
late yesterday approved a $4,326,-
500,000 foreign aid program, along
with the full authority President
John F. Kennedy asked for a five-
year long-term economic develop-
ment loan program.
The committee put off a final
vote on the measure until today
after trimming only $436 million
from Kennedy's total requests for
$4,762,500,000 in spending and
lending authority for this fiscal
year, which started July 1.
Drive
City Igfnores,
* C
'Surrender'
Utimatum.
Garrison Ordered
To Fight Invasion
TUNIS (P)-Breaking through
Tunisian siege lines after a day
of bloody fighting, French army
paratroopers and tanks moved out
of their big naval base early today
for a drive on the city of Bizerte,
the Tunisian government an-
nounced.
The government said the garri-
son drawn up in Bizerte a city of
40,000 about three miles from the
naval base, ignored an ultimatum
to surrender despite the hammer-
ing from French artillery, and
warplanes firing rockets.
A spokesman announced the
garrison had been ordered to "re-
sist any attempt to invade the
city."
Goes to UN
Hard pressed to enforce its
claim to the big naval base and
air complex under the weight of
France's modern armament, Tu-
nisia carried its case to the Unit-
ed Nations.
In Paris, Premier Michel Debre
announced readiness to negotiate
a cease-fire. He conferred at
length with President Charles de
Gaulle.
The Tunisian government said
110 Tunisians were killed and 500
wounded in the 24-hour- period
Which ended at midnight. Hospi-
tals were set up in the open and
urgent appeals for doctors, nurses
and blood plasma went out over
the country. The French have r-
ported only one dead so far but
their losses are believed much
higher.
Dig Trenches
Tunian infantrymen were re-
ported digging trenches and
throwing up barricades in the
heart of Bizerte, where water, gas
and, electricity have been cut off
by French air raids.
Tunisian information secretary
Chedly Klibi said the Tunisian
army turned down an ultimatum
delivered by the French consul in
Bizerte, who asked the Tunisian
garrison to withdraw from the
city.
The fighting over Tunisian
claims to the base the French re-
tained after granting Tunisia in-
dependence broke out Tuesday
when Tunisians fired rifles at a
helicopter.
Stand Firm
Indicating it intends to stand
firm in the face of Tunisian de-
mands, France sent in more para-
troopers last night in the red
glare of artillery fire.
Rocket-firing French planes at-
tacked Tunisian barricades around
the naval base.
The Tunisian government
charged the French were airlift-
ing foreign legionnaires as well as
He studied maps of areas he ex-
pected to see from his spacecraft.
Loading of liquid oxygen into
the fuel tanks, which normally
starts near the beginning of the
final 612-hour countdown, will be
delayed until three hours before
scheduled launch time.
This would allow for a "scrub"
as late as 3-a.m. without the nec-
essity of another two or three day
postponement. Once the "lox"
flows, into the tanks, it takes
around 48 hours to empty, dry
and clean them before the rocket
is again ready to go.
If the shot is washed out be-
fore fueling, it could be attempt-
ed again on Saturday.
Claim Guard
To Constitute
Main Buildup,
WASHINGTON (M)-Indications
last night were that the adminis-
tration plans to rely primarily on
trained National Guardsmen and
reservists in any defense man-
power buildup-using larger draft
quotas only as a possible long-
range support measure.
Speculation centers on the pos-
sibility of early induction into
federal.service of a few Guard di-
visions together with individual
members or specialized units of
the ready reserves.
The Defense Department says a
substantial part of the ready-re-
serve units, which total something
over onekmillion men, can move
out quickly when mustered into
federal service.
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Roswell Gilpatric says "Our re-
serves and National Guard units
can be brought on duty in less
than six months."
Gilpatric said the military read-
iness survey ordered by President
John F. Kennedy was to see
whether "for the next six months
we have the capabilities in our
existing establishment" to meet
n e e d s or whether additional
strength would be required.
The six-month figure has its
genesis in the Berlin crisis, ex-
pected to reach a peak when and
if Russia signs a separate treaty
with Communist East Germany
late this year.
The army estimates it takes at
least three months to provide even
basic training for a draftee and
another several months to train
him to operate as part of a unit.
On this basis, a speed-up of in-
ductions would not produce signif-
icant effect within six months.
Nazis Get
House Rejects NLRB Plan
WASHINGTON (R') - Southern Democrats teamed with Repub-
licans in the IHouse today to reject President John F. Kennedy's plan
to reorganize procedures of the National Labor Relations Board.
The vote was 231 to 179.
Later, the Southern Democrat-Republican coalition didn't func-
tion when the House rejected, 218 to 184, a Republican effort to
kill the White House plan to abolish the Maritime Board and give
most of its powers to the Secre-
paratroopers
zerte.
from Algeria to Bi-
tar of Commerce. This will be-
come effective Aug. 11 unless the
Senate vetoes it.
Democrats Join Republicans
On the NLRB vote, 78 Demo-
crats voted against the White
House, along with 153 Republi-
cans. Twelve Republicans joined
167 Democrats in supporting the
plan which, in committee hear-
ings, was generally favored by
unions and opposed by manage-
ment spokesmen.
Yesterday's votes left only one
of seven reorganization plans still
unacted upon. That is the pro-
gram for reorganizing the Home
Loan Bank Board. This has drawn
no organized opposition.
The NLRB defeat was the third
setback suffered by Kennedy on
his seven proposals. Earlier, the
House, following requests by the
broadcasting industry, rejected
the plan for the Federal Com-
MUSIC UNDER THE STARS:
Combined Bands Play Outdoor Concert
During an open air concert on Accepts Request
the Diag last night, Prof. William The Senate group accepted the
D. Revelli of the music school pre- chief feature of the program vir-
tually without change. This was
sented what he called his 25th an- his request for authority to bor-
nual plea for a new music school row $8.8 billion from the TreasuryM
and band shell. over the next five years for easy
The occasion was a symphony term economy development loans
held in conjunction with the 13th abroad.
annual National Band Conductors Then, in a long afternoon ses-
Conference now in session at the sion, the committee voted Ken-
University. nedy authority for $1,800,000,000
Presented were the combined in funds for military arms aid
performances of the University's for the defense pact allies, only
Sunmmer Session Band and High $85 million less than he asked for
School Wind Percussion Ensemble. that purpose.
John Cacavas, Chicago /com- It cut $200 million from Ken-
noser. led the band in four num- nedy's request for $500 million as
Urge France,
Tunis Peace
WASHINGTON ()-The Unit-
ed States yesterday urged France
and Tunisia to get together to
settle their dispute over Bizerte
quickly, but the Tunisian ambas-
sador said it seems too late for
that.
Ambassador Habib Bourguiba
Jr., son of the Tunisian presi-
dent, gave his version of the con-
flict over the big French naval
base on Tunisia's Mediterranean
coast in separate visits to the
White House and the State De-
partment.
Earlier in the day, the depart-
ment appealed to France and Tu-
nisia to "end hostilities without
delay."
Lincoln White, State Depart-
ment press officer, said "we've
expressed our views to both sides,"
asking them to reconcile their
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