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VOL. LXXI, No. 28S ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 5, 1961 FIVE CENTS
FOUR PAGES
Senate Approves
Defense Budget
Unanimous Vote Increases Sum
By$1 Billion for Ground Forces
WASHINGTON (M) - Forging $1 billion beyond President John F.
Kennedy's requests, the Senate voted unanimously yesterday for a
record peacetime defense budget of $46.8 billion.
An 85-0 roll call sent the money bill to the House which had
voted $42-plus billion well before " Kennedy called 10 days ago for
a $3.5-billion spending boost in the face of fresh Communist threats
to West Berlin.
The Senate added about $1 billion that the President did not
ask for his program of strengthening United States conventional
''ground warfare forces. This push-
To Consider
Air Piracy
ALegislation
- 1
WASHINGTON (I)-The Ken-
nedy Administration asked Con-
gress yesterday to pass a law tc
make airline hijacking punishable
by life imprisonment.
This would put airline hijacking
in the same class of crime as pi-
racy on the high seas.
The Administration's views were
presented to, Congress by Najeeb
E. Halaby, the federal aviation
administrator.
He opened hearings of the Sen-
ate Aviation Subcommittee by
testifying that the proposed legis-
lation would bring the President,
the FBI, the Border Patrol, the
FAA, and other federal agencies
into the battle against hijackers.
At present, no federal law cov-
ers such hijacking.
The legislation endorsed by Hal-
aby and the Administration, be-
sides making hijacking a crime
like piracy, would make it a .fed-
eral offense to assault, intimidate,
threaten, or interfere with airline
crews and to carry a deadly weap-
on aboard a plane.
Attacks on the crew would be
punished by sentences up to 20
years imprisonment and a $10,000
fine. If a deadly weapon was used
or brandished in the assault a
life sentence could be handed
down. Anyone convicted of carry-
ing a weapon aboard the plane
would be subject to a $1,000 fine.
'U1' To Sponsor
Undergraduate
Study Abroad
By MICHAEL OLINICK
The University and the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin will jointly
sponsor undergraduate studies in
France with the aid of a $60,000
grant from the Carnegie Corpora-
tion, Associate Dean of the liter-
ary college James H. Robertson
said yesterday.
The three-year program will
begin in September, 1962 and will
offer an opportunity for education
abroad to 40 or 50 "honors cali-
ber" students at the schools.
Choice Not Made
Dean Robertson said that the
French college has not yet been
selected, but that several pos-
sibilities were being discussed. He
and Wisconsin's Dean Mark In-
gram will tour France later this
fall to investigate the schools'
facilities for teaching and housing
students.
The joint effort to create a
junior year abroad is probably a
unique one, Dean Robertson ex-
plained. Wisconsin has been desig-
nated as the sole financial re-
cipient.
Robertson said he hoped that
there would be not only a "faculty
man in the field" overseeing the
program in France, but that pro-
fessors from the University of
Wisconsin would also be sent to
teach courses in English at the
French college.
May Rent Building
The students will probably live
in the regular French dormitories,
but the American schools may be
asked to provide "compensation"
space. "This means we might have
to rent a house or building for use
by the French in return for their
turning over part of the dorms
to us," Robertson said.
Students applying for the pro-
gram will be expected to have at
ed the Senate-approved total
about $4 billion above that of the
House.
The House, however, is expected
to go along promptly with the
added $1 billion, largely for more
bombers, although the Administra-
tion may refuse to spend the
money.
Biggest single, unasked addition
is $525 million to continue produc-
tion of B52 jet bombers which
Secretary of Defense Robert S.
McNamara has said he doesn't
need. The Senate also added $228
million to the $200 million the
House voted for development of
the 2,000-mile-an-hour B70 bomb-
er which the Administration feels
could not become an effective
weapon before missile systems are
perfected.
Otherdincreases are largely for
expansion of national guard and
reserve units.
Leaves One Step
Yesterday's action left only one
more Congressional step for en-
actment of the emergency pro-
gram called for July 25.
Senate Democrats easily brush-
ed aside a Republican effort to
tie into the defense money bill
funds for aid to schools in fed-
erally impacted areas - districts
where federal spending has
brought a heavy influx of popula-
tion.
Renewal of this aid, amounting
to about $300 million annually and
affecting the home districts of
more than 300 Congress members,
has been blocked by the House
Rules Committee's refusal to re-
port out any Administration aid-
to-education measures.
Moves Suspension
Because legislation can not be
attached to appropriations meas-
ures without suspension of the
rules by a two-thirds vote, Sen.
Karl E. Mundt (R-SD) was forced
to move suspension in an effort
to offer his plan.
The Republicans didn't even get
a simple majority as Democrats
closed ranks and beat the motion,
47 to 37. The Administration still
hopes to rescue at least part of
its general school-aid program
and opposes separate action on
the aid for impacted areas. ]
The Senate defense money bill;
would authorize 2,743,227 officers
and men in all armed services by
next July 1 with $1,072,965 on pay
status in the reserves.3
Germans
Impose
Penalties
BERLIN (A) - The East Ger-
man Communists, ignoring West-
ern protests, imposed harsh new
penalties yesterday on East Ber-
liners who commute to work in
West Berlin.
The commuters now must pay
the Red regime nearly five times
more for rent, electricity, gas,
water and other public services
than their stay-at-home neigh-
bors pay. The Communist device
to bring this about is a require-
ment that they settle their bills
in West German marks, which are
much more valuable than Com-
munist currency.
East Berlin's Communist city
government issued the ordr yes-
terday morning. Less than 24
hours before, the three Western
sector commandants in Berlin pro-
tested to their Soviet counterpart
against similar measures aimed at
helping stop the drain on East
Germany's manpower through the
refugee flow to West Berlin.
Soviet Embassy officials would
not answer questions about the
protest. The official Soviet posi-
tion is that such matters are the
exclusive concern of the East Ger-
man Communist regime.
The Communists are trying to
force the commuters - some es-
timates put their number as high
as 80,000 - to quit their well-
paying West Berlin jobs and bol-
ster the Red's own shaky economy.
Peace Corps
Wins Support
WASHINGTON (A) - President1
John F. Kennedy's request for $40
million to set the Peace Corps up
in business won Senate Foreign
Relations Committee approval
yesterday.
The committee rejected 11 to 6
a move to cut the first year au-
thorization to $25 million and then
approved the full amount by a
vote of 14 to 0, with 3 members
abstaining.
At the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee session, Chairman J.
William Fulbright (D-Ark) sup-
ported the unsuccessful move to
cut the first-year funds.
"This is a new program, which
the committee generally agreed
has great merit," Fulbright said,
"but some of us thought it would
do much better if they didn't at-
tempt too much right at the
start."
The PeacenCorps, which pro-
poses to send specially trained
young men and women to live and
work with people in underdevel-
oped nations, hopes to have 2,700
vlunteers in the field or in train-
ing by mid-1962.
Washington
Notes
Soviet Note
Raises Hope
Of Solution
Government Drops
Trade Reprisal Plant
Meeting To Open in Uruguay
Milde
Khrushchev Favors Settlement;
WASHINGTON (P) - United
States officials yesterday found a
comparatively moderate tone in
the new Soviet note on Berlin,
increasing hope for peaceful ne-
gotiations with Moscow on the
potentially explosive issue.
In a separate development, the
United States government ruled
out for the time being a clamp-
down on trade with the Soviet
Bloc in reprisal for Red pressures
on Berlin.
A State Department announce-
ment said "we do not believe that
our interests or the cause of world
peace would be served at this
time" by economic retaliation. But
it added the United States and
its Allies may have to reconsider
if the Soviets continue their
"threatening attitude."
Rusk Sees Note
The 15-page Soviet note was
under close study both in Wash-
ington and in Paris where Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk is at-
tending a Western Big Four for-
eign ministers meeting on the
German problem.
United States authorities saw
nothing basically new in the Mos-
cow document. But United States
experts did detect what they de-
scribed as a milder overall tone
in the Russian warning than in
some language used in the past.
It was this aspect which inter-
ested the United States diplomats
most, since the aim of Rusk and
the other foreign ministers-be-
sides strengthening Berlin pre-
paredness-is to find a way out
of .the dangerous situation with-
out fighting.
The Western ministers intend
to take a three-way approach in
ironing out plans of action.
Work Out Terms
They want to work out the exact
terms under which the United
States, Britain and France would
be willing to negotiate with the
Soviet Union over the German-
Berlin problem.
They plan a buildup of their
own defense posture, particularly
by providing the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization alliance with
stronger conventional forces,
And finally, they hope to draw
up a contingency plan which
would define the agreed political,
economic and military steps the
Western powers would take joint-
ly to meet Soviet actions.
See Significance
United States authorities saw
significance in Moscow's avoid-
ance of a specific date as to when
Berlin negotiations should start.
They figured Khrushchev under-
stands nothing can be accom-
plished before next month's elec-
tions in West Germany, realizing
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer must
maintain a rigid position on Ber-
lin for domestic political reasons.,
--AP Wirephoto
CONFERENCE OPENS--President John F. Kennedy confers with .Secretary of the Treasury Doug-
las Dillon, left, and deLesseps Morrison, United States Ambassador to the Organization of American
States at the White House prior to their trip to Uruguay. Today marks the beginning to a special
meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council.
LIMITS TENURE:
Russians Revise PartyRue
r one
Note Fails
To Propose
Conference
Invitation Asks British
To Submit Proposals
MOSPOW (A') - Premier Nikita
Khrushchev told the Western
powers yesterday he is ready to
negotiate a settlement on the
future of Germany and Berlin.
No specific proposals were made
about setting up a conference,
apparently leaving the next move
to the West.
Parallel notes to the United
States, Britain and France con-
centrated much of their fire on
West Germany and accused the
Western powers of rearming the
West Germans so Bonn can push
the world "to the brink." Other-
wise, the Soviet tone was more
argumentative than threatening.
Warns West Germans
A fourth note to the West Ger-
mans themselves, however, harsh-
ly warned they would not survive
"even a few hours of the third
world war if it Is unleashed." It
accused the West German gov-
ernment of opposing "any regula-
tion which could lead to strength-
ening the peace in Europe."
None of the notes contained any
change in the Khrushchev line
on Germany, and it was clear that
he will try to negotiate a settle-
ment on his own terms.
However, the British were in-
vited to submit proposals for dis-
cussion.No such offerappeared
in the note to Washington.
Repeats Pledge
The note to Washington reiterat-
ed Khrushchev's pledge to sign
such a treaty but said the Soviet
Union would prefer a treaty work-
ed out with the "constructive joint
action" of the West.
The note broached the idea of
negotiations like this:
"But the Soviet Government,
taking particular account of the
fact of a change in the govern-
ment of the United States, never
considered the idea of a discus-
sion of the problem of a peaceful
settlement with Germany as a
dead issue. The Soviet govern-
ment declares anew that it is
ready for negotiations which have
as their goal the conclusion of a
German peace treaty."
The section dealing with West
German rearmament was the most
bitter in the note to Washington.
It said West Germany is becom-
ing "a hearth of war danger ,in
Europe" with an army led by Hit-
ler's former officers and trained
for conducting nuclear war.
Defend Interests
"Now it is already prepared to
take matters to the brink, but in
such a way that West Germany,
for the time being, remains on
the sideline. It would please it
(Bonn) most of all if the United
States were to defend the in-
terests of the Bonn revanchists
(revenge-seekers) to the last
American soldier."
The note reiterated the Soviet
demand that East and West Ger-
many get together to settle their
problems - thus confirming a
division"of~Germany the West re-
fuses to accept.
It chipped away at United
States contentions that the prin-
ciple of self determination for
Germany and Berlin is at stake.
The United States is thinking of
pressing this argument at the
forthcoming session of the United
Nations General Assembly
principle for Germany through
free elections.
MOSCOW (t') - The Soviet
Communist Party today publish-
ed new ground rules forbidding
any Communist to seize and con-
solidate power in the party
through a Stalin-like "cult of the
personality."
Though containing loopholes
that preclude any serious threat
to Premier Khrushchev's party po-
sition, the new rules clearly aim
at revitalizing party leadership
with periodic infusions of new
blood.
Limits Terms
Members of the Central Com-
mittee and its all-powerful Pre-
sidium were limited to no more
than three successive terms in of-
fice.
Labor Experts
Consider Law
WASHINGTON (A'-A group of
labor relations experts conferred
yesterday with Secretary of La-
bor Arthur J. Goldberg on meth-
ods to revise the national emer-
gency strike procedures of the
Taft-Hartley law.
President Kennedy has called
for changes. During his campaign
he said the 80-day injunction
method prescribed in the present
law is too rigid.
Any threat to the position of
top party officials was eliminated
in an escape clause which said
such leaders, "because of their
acknowledged- authority, high po-
litical organization and other
qualities," can stay on the job.
The new rules, which contain
much material that did not ap-
pear in the last such pronounce-
ment, adopted in 1959, were pub-
lished in the party newspaper'
Pravda and a special edition of
the government newspaper Izves-
tia.
To Be Approved
,The 22nd Party Congress that
convenes Oct. 17 will be asked to
approve the new rules.
Rank and file members are
duty-bound to actively work, cri-
ticize shortcomings, and encour-
age discussions of party policies,
under the new rules.
Severe penalties were provided
for suppression of criticism by
party leaders.
The party rules also gave groups
and individuals the right to press
for the adoption of their ideas.
Theoretically, they also would
have access to the party press to
set forth their views.
Outlines Procedure
For the first time, the party
rules outlined a procedure for the
expulsion of members of the Cen-
tral Committee.
They prescribed that any mem-
ber who has "lost his honor or
dignity" may be expelled by a
two-thirds majority in secret vot-
ing.
A regular turnover was provid-
ed for in membership of the Cen-
tral Committee and of regional
central committees. Again exclud-
ing those of "acknowledged au-
thority," the rules said no mem-
ber of these committees may serve
more than three successive terms.
Soviet Union
19
Aids Tunisia
TUNIS (4)-The Soviet Union
has granted Tunisia ruble credit
equivalent to $28 million for
technical assistance, the govern-
ment announced last night.
It is the first Soviet grant to
Tunisia, which has largely been
supported, by United States eco-
nomic aid.
The announcement coincided
with a visit to Moscow by Tuni-
sian Foreign Affairs Secretary
Sadok Mokaddem.
Details of the Soviet assistance,
according to the communique,
have been worked out during an
extended study by Soviet and
Tunisian experts. Apparently most
of the money will go for construc-
tion of dams.
Calls for Investigation
Of Military Sponsorship
WASHINGTON (IP)-Sen. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) said yester-
day Sen. J. William Fulbright (D-Ark) has attacked military efforts
to inform Americans about "Communism and the Cold War" and pro-
posed a formal investigation.
Thurmond asked the Senate to vote up to $75,000 to finance an
inquiry by the armed services committee into the "use of military per-
sonnel and facilities to arouse the<
f
public to the menace of the Cold
War."
Objects to Document
His demand, voiced ina apre-
pared Senate speech, grew out of
a confidential document Ful-
bright recently sent Secretary of
Defense Robert S. McNamara ob-
jecting to military sponsorship of
public forums featuring what the
Arkansas Senator called "radical,
right-wing speakers."
Thurmond called the memo-
randum, which Fulbright made
public this week, an attack on
"our military leaders and their
participation in efforts to give
American citizens the facts about
Communism and the Cold War."
The memorandum, in which
Fulbright said some of the speak-
ers equate social legislation with
socialism and socialism with Com-
munism, is reported to have led
to Defense Department restric-
tions on the role of officers in
ON REGENTS APPROPRIATION:
General Library Replaces Predecessor in 1917
In 1916, a $350,000 appropria-
tion by the Regents made possi-
ble the construction of the Uni-
versity's General Library.
The 'Ensian of that year de-
scribed the building then in prog-
ress as having an "imposing ap-
pearance, being four stories high,
with six or seven stories of stacks
in the rear."
It promised that "the various
reading rooms will accommodate
a total of about one thousand
students, which provides for fu-
ture growth of the University to
twelve or fourteen thousand stu-
dents."
According to the 'Ensian, the
mi n ri~a i~nrni nmnnnnrn-
Monetary Fund
To Aid Britain
WASHINGTON () - The In-
ternational Monetary Fund will
make available a $2-billion-dollar
package in support of Britain's
foreign payments position.
The IMF said yesterday the
United Kingdom will make an im-
.. :-;:.-.