"It's Kind of a Two-Stage Thing"
Sixty-Ninth Year
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TODAY AND TOMORROW:
Reply to Red Note
Presents Problemis
pinions Are Free
Wll Prevail"
-_
itorials printed in The Michigan Daily exptress the indi:idual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This inst be noted in all reprints.
AY, DECEMBER 6. 1958
NIGHT EDITOR: PHILLIP MUNCK
Education Still Needs
Exchange of Ideas
ERE SEEMS to be a new trend in educa-
ion - avoid confusing the student with
radictory ideas. At least, this is the view
essed recently by two educators.
. a celebration marking the third anni-
ary of Detroit's educational television sta-
the president of the University of De-
supported the college credits via TV with
comment, "the TV student gets more out
teacher - there is no badinage between
ent and teacher." And in Ann Arbor dur-
the University Convocation on Religion,
No Steam
IKE THE Little Man Who Wasn't There,
the one side of Stockwell's dining room
i empty Thursday night, to the surprise
dietitians and cooks alike.
he mass walk out on the part of the girls
s in protest about the quality and quantity,
food served during the semester. Dean of
men Deborah Bacon told a Detroit news-
>er that the strike is a "simple personality
sh." One wonders whose personalities are
shing.
)ean Bacon added that the girls are tired
waiting for Christmas and had to let off
a. So they refused to eat. This is a ridicu-
s assumption. If the girls wanted to let of f
am the strike would have been conducted
re on the style of the South Quad food
monstration," held two years ago. This time
girls showed organization and demonstrat-
their protest in a quiet manner.
'e food situation in the dormitories has
wn progressively worse. It must be more
to a clash of personalities . . . after all, it's
)ensive to eat out.
-RUTHANN RECHT
the president of the National Council for Edu-
cation, called for a closer working relationship
between religious leaders and faculty and said
the differing views often expressed by the two
groups only tended to confuse, and thus, it
would seem, to hinder the student.
Few will argue with their assumption that
opposing statements, each worthy of consider-
ation, may confuse the student, but the educa-
tors' further assumption that confusion and
doubt serve as a stumbling' block to education
is a little hard to believe.
PRESUMABLY a person who comes to col-
lege comes to learn to use his mind. Mem-
orizing theories accepted by the faculty mem-
ber in whose class the student finds himself
allows him to absorb factual material. But
without the opportunity to question, even
doubt, anything the instructor says, the stu-
dent may be deprived of the incentive to think,
to logically examine issues from more than one
viewpoint and to draw conclusions for him-
self.
The "badinage" which may result in con-
structive thinking and the confusion spoken of
by the educators is perhaps one of the best
aids to education available to the university
student. The recitation class and informal dis-
cussion provide opportunity to discover contra-
dictory ideas and to discuss their merits with
someone who, because of extensive study in
his particular field, can often illustrate the dis-
crepancies, or conversely the concreteness of a
student's theory.
Without this exchange of ideas the education
process could become a meaningless accumula-
tion of facts, just as easily obtained by listen-
ing to a record of the day's lessons each night
Vefore falling asleep - a method propounded
to be quite' effective in enabling the listener
to parrot back the information the next day.
-KATHLEEN MOORE
POLITICAL AND OTHERWISE ... By David Tarr
Those Helpful Administrators ,
By WALTER LIPPMANN
A WRITTEN reply will, of course,
have to be made to the long
Soviet note about Berlin. The
reply will have to represent the
agreed views of London, Paris,
Washington, and Bonn. But there
are various ways of replying to
the Soviet note, and we should
think carefully before we choose
which one.
It would be easy enough to write
a reply, which is as argumentative
as the Soviet note, rebutting its
arguments and asserting our coun-
ter arguments. This will give a
passing satisfaction to some. But
it will do nobody any real good.
The problem of the two Germanys
and the two Berlins will still be
with us.
Another way to reply would he
to draft a big program of counter
proposals, with elaborate princi-
ples and generalizations, many of
them ambiguous formulae to re-
concile divergent views among the
Western powers. It would be a
mistake to do this, The Western
position is already in a strait-
jacket of the old formulae which,
because they have been promul-
gated solemnly and publicly, make
it almost impossible to maneuver
and to negotiate. This suits those,
some in very high places, who
really do not want to negotiate.
But in this changing world, in
this changing Europe and chang-
ing Germany, the immobility of
Western policy is a grave danger.
WHAT THEN would be a better
way to reply? It would be, it seems
to me, to focus upon the thesis
that the problem of Berlin can be
settled only as and when there is a
German settlement-that no solu-
tion, only at the most a de facto
arrangement, is possible if 'Berin
is treated as an isloated problem.
If this were our thesis, then the
next thing to do is to propose the
beginning of negotiations about
Germany. There are several ways
to do this. On way would be to
resume the discussion of a high
level meeting, perhaps even at the
summit. But this way is full of
dangers and difficulties, and there
is, I think, a better way.
It would be to take notice of the
Soviet's standing proposal that the
future of Germany be Worked out
by the two German governments.
We could, then, ask the Soviet
government whether it is willing
to allow the two German govern-
ments to negotiate freely and
whether it is willing to accept the
result if they are able to agree
upon the structure of a confedera-
tion.
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin to an
official publication of The Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Daily assumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Suday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1958
VOL. LXIX, NO. 66
General Notices
Board Meeting: Michigan Alumni
Fund of Development Council. Sat.,
Dec. 6, 1:30 p.m., Third Floor Conf.
m-., Mich. Union.
All Choral Union and Extra series
(Continued on Page 5)
It is almost certain, I believe,
that the Soviet government will
not agree to negotiations which
are as free as that. It willinsist
on conditions. It will insist that
the two Germany's must live with-
in an arrangement which limits
their armaments and their alli-
ances.
Be that as it may, an Allied
reply which took the line of a
negotiation between the two Ger-
many's would pose the basc ques-
tion as to what are the practical
conditions of a negotiated settle-
ment-and what are the possibili-
ties of an all-European security
system.
s * *
A REPLY of this kind requires a
serious modification of Dr. Ade-
nauer's policy of the non-recogni-
tion of the East Germian state. If
he vetoes such a reply, the United
States cannot now go over his
head. But nevertheless it is a
sound way to approach the Ger-
man question, and it would have
powerful support in the Western
world, including Western Germany
Itself.
Indeed, it is hard to see how
there can be any successful ap-
proach which does not begin with
and recognize the facts of life--
which are that there are now two
Germanys and two Berlins, and
that only slowly over a long period
of time, and in the climate of na-
tional freedom after the foreign
troops have departed, can the two
Germanys become integrate4
again
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
Hoax . .
To the Editor:
A THANKSGIVING cal to a
brother attending Ha rard
University confirmed my most fer-
vent hopes-the story of a cotrps
of Radcliffe girls to act as cheer-
leaders for future Harvard games
was simply a gigantic hoax, the
creation of those geptlemen whose
wholesome wit has produced other,
similar experiments in gullibility:
the editors of the Harvard Crim-
son.
It was considered a huge joke
in Cambridge, but somehow lost its
humor by the time it reached Ann
Arbor. The surprising thing is that
no one spotted it for what it was;
pure whimsey.
At any rate, let us have no more
nonsense from Midhigan students
about any bevy of leggy freshmen
parading around the Michigan
Stadium for our games. That fine
old tradition about the Union
front door has apparently been ir-
revocably lost, and our rigid rule
against women on the football
field is about all that's left be-
tween us and a deluge of "Queens."
And That event (may heaven
preserve us from such a fate)
would reduce the once-proud Uni-
versity of Michigan to a status no
better than that enjoyed by the
students of That Certain Univer-
sity to the Northwest.
Bah!
-Robert A. Winter, '61,
About Nixon . .
To the Editor:
R. STEGMEIR:
Who is indulging in wishful
thinking?
--Marvin Burke
''
'U' Budget Hopes Brighten
NOR uproar has been generated since a
zen's committee this week recommend-
harp revision of the state's tax strucutre,
:h has been said about the program. Crit-
ve irately protested "weaknesses;" back-
ve been equally strong in their praise.
gardless of the controversial mechanics
proposals, the University community
if for only one reason, be encouraged.
t reason: state services, including higher
ion stand to benefit.
LEGISLATURE in recent years has ad-
ated a "hold the line" policy on spend-
Irticularly in the area of services.
nwhile the need for more funds for state
s has increased steadily. Michigan's
tion is expanding at a terrific rate. In-
d urbanization has sharpened the ne-
for more services; crowded cities are
with problems of water supply, sanita-
tion, housing, crime, social welfare. State men-
tal institutions are also in need,
Perhaps higher education's need is the most
critical. Michigan is far less extensively
equipped with privately-endowed schools than
other states. As a result the burden of support
has fallen on the financially weak shoulders of
the Legislature, and the operating budgets of
the nine tax-supported schools have been regu-
larly slashed.
UNDER THIS week's recommendations made
by the citizen's group to Rep. Conlin's House
Tax Committee, $140 million in new funds w01
be made available by June 1960. Even after
squaring the state's deficits, the Legislature
would be left with somewhere between sixty
and eighty million dollars.
State schools have been crying for more
funds. Quite conceivably, a tax revision might
provide them.
-THOMAS HAYDEN
IT WOULD BE so very nice if a
student could be confident that
the officials who run the univer-
sity he attends knew what they
were doing. But at times it is rath-
er difficult.
It has been particularly diffi-
cult in recent weeks what with
SGC a la Board in Review, back-
ground music in the library and
now a cross-eyed approach to wo-
men's living regulations. SGC
hardly needs further discussion.
The living regulations have re-
sulted in, a strange combination
of events. On the one hand, the
administration - the Dean of
Women's Office to be precise -
loosened its stiff-neck slightly and
permitted women's closing hours
to be extended during the ,week.
* * *
THIS WOULD have done a lot
to restore our confidence in the
Dean of Women's Office if that
group hadn't turned right around,
crawled back in its paternalistic
hole and announced that bar-
ring something near poverty, wo-
men will not be permitted to have
apartments next year.
The University still seems to
think that its students are of
grade-school mentality and need
complete, foolproof, all-weather
protection. Some may; probably
most don't.
Harboring or students like so-
many children when it should be
assisting in developing a respon-
sible character is no role for the
University.
With the exception of freshmen
men and women and, perhaps,
sophomore women, any student
should have the choice of living in
a residence hall, an affiliated
house or independent housing.
And to add insult to injury,
Dean of Women Deborah Bacon,
missed the point when she said
that increased housing facilities
and creation of upper class houses
will lessen the desire to live in
apartments.
a, * *
OVERLOOKED completely is
the regimentation, the often poor
food, the noise, the frequent lack
of privacy, the administiation
policies and the regulations, regu-
lations, regulations.
However, as well as being pa-
ternalistic by nature, the admin-
istration probably is worried just
as much about how it is going
to pay for all the empty rooms
that could result in its hotels if
semi-unrestricted apartment liv-
ing was permitted.
This year a slight decrease in
enrollment resulting primarily
from budget cuts has resulted in
lessened pressure on the residence
hall system. Apparently the ad-
ministration sees huge empty dor-
mitories and has pushed the panic
button again.
At any i'ate, the program for a
vast expansion of its residence
hall system on North Campus is
called into question by these
events.
* * *
THE LIBRARY music episode
Is not quite as serious but still
shows a lack of something-or-
ather-probably thinking-on the
part of University officials.
For those who haven't heard
ibout it, the Undergraduate Li-
)rary plans to pipe music into the
second floor on an experimental
basis for six hours a week, begin-
ning next semester.
It would be a noble public serv-
ice but somehow we just don't
quite believe the library is the
place for background music. As an
aid to study, it would be appre-
ciated; and certainly those who
like to study to music would be
overjoyed; but what about people
--who have to use books on the
second floor - who can't stand to
study to music?
It seems every time one looks
up from his books this University
is trying to do more for the poor,
helpless student. One can only
imagine what this "music to study
by" plan could lead to in public
services. Already the Undergrad-
uate Library has a cute little snack
bar. Now music. Next may come
a cafeteria for students who can't
take time out to go out to eat;
then there will be a double-feature
movie for a study break; and may-
be someday back rubs for the tired
student.
Who knows where it all could
lead? Taxi service between classes
and students' houses; eventually
even television sets in every stu-
dent room so he can attend
classes without going out into the
nasty weather (he can't discuss
things with the instructor, of
course, but who cares?); catering
service and then on to some pills,
test tube babies, etc., etc., etc., etc.
JUST INQUIRING
.. .by Michael Kraft
Fearful Women?
._. > ..
. . ,. , . :;
OR GRETA GARBO. Nobody believes her
hen she says, "I vant to be alone," and
seems to have trouble believing that no-
believes her,
t recent actions involving Michigan wo-
should convince even the most publicity
nscious actress that people are not to be
alone, andsthat'"togetherness"is the
er thing, especially among women.
course this is nothing new or local. Sup-
dly there's still a women's publication
h even boasts that Mt's the magazine of
therness" and radio announcers proclaim,
lly on Sunday mornings, something to
effect that if families do something to-
ir, they'll continue doing it.
E CARDINAL rule of social relationships
hard to break, especially where women
erded together in an area called the "Hill."
h reminds visitors of four cattle cars on
ilroad siding.
ose who have spent more time on cam-
can't fail to wonder if Michigan women
t susceptible to habit. If a girl wants to
certain movie and can't lure some male
taking her, she seldom goes alone. Usual-
e movie is missed, or seen only after tak-
Editorial Staff
ing the roommate, or better yet, the "whole
gang" into trooping en mass down to State
Street. And the troop movements are usually
timed to avoid observation by the enemy who,
in the battle of sexes, aren't supposed to know
that the girls' every moment is booked up
two weeks in advance.
This "togetherness" permeates other activi-
ties, with' girls even waiting for each other
when they return to the Hill for dinner, go to
classes in the morning or march down to the
football stadium, as if it's a hard place to find
on a Saturday morning. Those mob scenes
every hour in the fishbowl are another example
of togetherness, although perhaps for some-
what different reasons.
BUT ALL THIS has been going on for years.
The opening of the Undergraduate Library
and the recent approval of changes in women's
hours only underscores the tendency. For even
studying, which used to prompt visions of
scholars pouring over their books, alone, or
working out problems, alone, has deteriorated
into a mass pastime of togetherness. The vision
of the lonely scholar is replaced with the night-
mare of trying to find a seat in the Under-
graduate Library crowded with people study-
ing together.
And perhaps the trend, on other campuses
too, of studying together is the cause of an-
other trend, taking tests together - recent sur-
veys indicate a rise in cheating on examina-
tions.
One of the rationale given for moving wo-
men's hours to midnight is that they were
being deprived of an extra hour and a half
of library time. Perish the thought that home-
work be polished off in solitude.
ECONOMIC WARFARE:
Finnish Collapse Result of Soviet Pressure
By BARTON HUTHWAITE
Daily Staff Writer
RUSSIA'S economic trade noose
finally throttled tiny Finland
into submission Thursday.
Ironically, today is the forty-
first anniversary of Finnish inde-
pendence from what was once a
revolution-torn Russia.
The Socialist-led coalition gov-
ernment of Premeir Karl August
Fagerholm toppled late Thursday,
a victim of tremendous Soviet eco-
nomic pressure and internal Com-
munist-led political bickering.
Almost from its formation on
Aug. 29 the strongly anti-com-
munist cabinet had incurred the
displeasure of the Moscow govern-
ment. At that time, an energetic
Fagerholm banded together the
six non-Communist Finnish parties
and urged rapid economic develop-
ment with exports directed away
from Russia.
Socialist Fagerhorn also began
to wage an internal war against
the steadily-increasing power of
the Finnish Communist Party,
* * *
IN FINLAND'S last national
election, the peasant and trade
union supported Communists had
captured 50 seats - nearly one-
fourth-of the one-chamber par-
foreign trade with Russia as an
economic crutch.
This crutch had its beginnings
in the 1930's when Russia began
their attacks against Finland.
As a result, Finland was forced
to cede to the Soviet Union more
than a tenth of her territory and
obligated to pay war reparations
set at $300 million dollars at 1938
prices.
BUT TINY Finland bore the
brunt of her obligations and pro-
ceeded to pay off her war debts.
Foreign loans and stimulation
of industrialization helped her up
from the poverty of the World
War years.
Russia's present control of the
Finnish economy stems from the
Soviet's demand that the war
reparation be payed off in loco-
motives, ships and heavy ma-
chinery.
The sleeping West.in those post-
war years didn't foresee Russia's
two-fold aims in demanding such
reparations. The Soviets could
buold up her steadily-rising indus-
trial strength and at the same
time initiate a strong Finland-
Russia trade program.
The Soviets succeeded, in both
her aims.
* * *
TO FULFILL Russia's demand
for heavy industrial goods, a basi-
cally agricultural Finland con-
structed expensive and uneco-
nomic plants to produce the
needed equipment.
A country only the size of Massa-
chusetts, Finland managed to pro-
diice the necessary $300 million
dollars worth of goods and finally
delivered the last of the war
reparations in 1955.
What is astonishing is the rapid
revival of a weak Finnish economy
without a penny of United States
Marshall Plan Aid.
When the last debt was settled
in 1952, Russia followed up her
economic objectives by cordially
inviting Finland to continue her
trade relations and agreements
with her next door neighbor.
Prior to World War II, Soviet-
Finnish trade was a meager four
per cent of ,all Finnish exports,
Already oriented to Russia, Fin-
land hesitatingly agreed to fill
Soviet order for more machinery
and industrial products,
* * *
FINLAND could not hope to
compete with the western markets
in the production of such goods
and therefore was more willing to
accept the Soviet's lucrative trade
program.
Russia didn't have an urgent
need of Finland's heavy machinery
but realized the potentialities in
such an exchange.
The West looked on approvingly
at the Finns rapid industrializa-
tion, oblivious to Finland's steadily
mounting Russian dependence.
Today, Finland would be thrown
into economic chaos without the
badly-needed Russian heavy ma-
chinery orders.
It is this fear that spelled the
downfall of the government when
RICHARD TAUB, Editor
KRAFT JO
Director
HN WEICHER
City Editor
DAVID TARR
Assocate Editor
rOR .*,.,.. Personnel Director
OUGHBY..,... Associate Editorial Director
;: >;. ::;