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Sixty-Ninth Year
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"Now All We've Got To Do Is Sell the Doggone Things"
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"When Opinions Are Free
Truth Will Prevail"
AT THE STATE
'Big Country'
Simply Shown
THE WORD "big" has been used and misused so frequently in Holly-
wood advertising in the past several decades that its value as a
descriptive term is at present almost negligible. Superceded by such
terms as "huge" and "gigantic," "big" has not only shrunk to the
commercial meaning of "just a little below average" but has been used
on the other side of the billboard as a term of critical derision.
Nevertheless, "The Big Country," the film currently showing at
the State theater, is most accurately described by just that humble
adjective. Expansive in concept and in length, it is not a great film,
but is simply in all respects big.
"The Big Country" is, to begin with, a serious western - one fol-
lowing in the paths laid by "Shane" and "High Noon" but deviating
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1958 NIGHT EDITOR: JOAN KAATZ
Administration Faces Bare Facts:
'Emperor' Chiang Has No Clothes
A
THE FORMULA FOR PEACE in the Formosa
Straits proposed by Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles was a long time coming. But now
the administration admits what its critics at
home and abroad have been pointing out all
along, that it is foolish for Chiang Kai-Shek to
place one-third of his troops on the off-shore
islands, only three miles from the mainland.
And the even more obvious fact that Chiang's
return to the mainland is "highly hypothetical"
has now been conceded.
This at last puts the administration in a
position where it can justify its stand to the
large number of dissatisfied Americans, and
likewise justify it to the other nations of the
world,
T IS NOW POSSIBLE to lay down the law to
Chiang, telling him to forget this "mainland"
stuff, and to lay down the law to the Comi-
munists, telling them hands off Formosa.
Such an ultimatum would have the backing
of the American people now, and of our allies.
And, more practically, it is militarily feasible
this side of all-out war.
And from Vice-President Nixon's blast about
wire service and New York Times reports that
mail on the Formosa mess was running four to
one against the administration can be set
aside, although the man's confusion of free-
dom of the press with poor thinking might be
remembered in 1960.
So at last things are looking up in the For-
mosa Straits, or at least until yesterday.
THEN CHIANG issued a statement rejecting
the plan, and his foreign ministry called
Quemoy and Matsu indispensable shields to
Formosa.
And a lesser Nationalist official claimed recent
unrest within Red China shows 100 per cent
sympathy for Chiang. This is an obvious though
foolish reaffirmation of the old cry of "retake
the mainland."
All this puts it squarely up to the administra-
tion. Having now admitted that the Emperor
has no clothes, the United States must stand
behind this, not buy him more invisible raiment.
-THOMAS TURNER
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Evolution Overlooked in Little Rock
Copyright, 1958, The Pulitzer Publishing Co.
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Bill Mauldin of the St. Louis-Post-Dispatch is temporarily substituting for
Herblock who is absent because of a death in his family.)
R ATIONALITY in Little Rock hit a low ebb
this week. While the educational fortunes
of over 4,000 white and colored students hung
in the balance, the federal government and the
state officials continued their deadlock and
forced all of the city's four high schools to
remain closed.
The newest chapter in the story of Arkansas's
fight to maintain legal segregation involved the
use of a private corporation to operate the Little
Rock schools. When the Supreme Court, in a
direct order, forbade the use of public institu-
tions as a means to violate a court order, the
"Corporation" began maneuvers to circumvent
the Federal Courts.9
Dr. T. J. Raney, president of the Little Rock
corporation, asked for the use of private facili-
ties to operate the high schools on a private,
segregated basis. He also requested monetary
contributions to maintain these facilities.
SEGREGATIONISTS throughout the South
have responded with large contributions,
but their efforts will probably be in vain for
the teachers employed by the Little Rock school
system have agreed to comply with the Federal
Court order and abstan from working for the
corporation.
Legally, the Courts have closed all exits and
have set down an almost point-blank order that
integration be commenced, not with "all de-
liberate speed" as stated in the Brown decision
of 1954, but "without further delay." If the
temporary court order restraining use of the
high schools by the corporation is made per-
manent on Monday, the sole route open to the
segregationists will be to use the private facili-
ties.
IN THE LONG RUN, the supremacy of Federal
Law will be maintained but the results that
the justices, the NAACP and the vast numbers
of people, both in the North and the South had
hoped to obtain will not be effectually realized.
Their desire to see integration forced upon
communities socially unprepared for this move
has met with a type of defeat that comes when
reality is neglected.
Reality, in this case, demands that the pro-
integration groups become cognizant of the fact
that integration will proceed in the slow, evolu-
tionary manner that has characterized other
changes in the American social strata. The
same type of process was witnessed in Tennessee
and even in Arkansas where the vociferous dis-
tress of Orval Faubus didn't interrupt a peace-
ful transition.
During the year-long struggle waged against
integration in Little Rock, the efforts of Faubus
to discredit Federal Court orders have become
more and more flagrant.
THE DESIRE of the Federal Courts to main-
tain their legal supremacy has also become
more pronounced. But the fact that some ef-
fective temporary compromise might be reached
was neglected in the rush to maintain individual
positions.
Slow, evolutionary change is the hardest
thing to be aware of in a high speed American
community but it is undoubtedly the most
realistic mode of operations. Too bad this
wasn't realized before Little Rock, Orval Faubus
and segregation became negative household
worlds.
--CHARLES KOZOLL
STRIKE DEADLINE NEARS:
Salaried Employees Remain Key Issue
By BARTON HUTHWAITE
Daily Staff Writer
AN ESTIMATED 300,000 Gen-
eral Motors Corporation work-
ers across the nation will leave
their jobs at 10 a.m. today If a
settlement is not reached in the
GM-United Auto Workers con-
tract negotiations.
Approximately 8,000 local union
demands bogged down the settle-
ment of contract negotiations as
of last night. Another issue on the
GM bargaining table still to be
ironed out is extra supplemental
unemployment benefits for work-
ers on "short work weeks."
Both the UAW and GM ex-
pressed very little hope that these
issues will be resolved before the
strike deadline this morning.
GM officials tend to view the
strike deadline as "purely aca-
demic." Unauthorized strikes at
strategic GM plants throughout
the country have slowed produc-
tion considerably thus taking
most of the punch out of the
UAW's call for a general strike.
UAW PRESIDENT Walter P.
Reuther had hoped for an early
settlement in the simultaneous
Chrysler Corporation negotiations
in order to bolster the union's
bargaining position with GM.
But Reuther's strategy was
hindered by Chrysler's resistance
to the demands of salaried em-
ployees even though an agree-
ment was reached late yesterday
with hourly employees.
So far, Chrysler negotiators
have resisted any special conces-
sions to the white collar em-
ployees who are asking for an ex-
tra eight cents an hour, participa-
tion in the company's "thrift-
stock" plan, improved severance
pay, liberalized sick pay and lay-
offs by seniority instead of job
classification. Involved in the is-
sue are the office and engineering
employees represented by the
UAW and the problem of these
salaried workers stands as one of
the last remaining blocks in the
settlement of a'Chrysler contract.
*', * *
THE MAJOR stumbling block
in the salaried workers contract
negotiations is the p r o p o s e d
"thrift-stock" plan. They were of-
fered the stock plan in the 1955
contract settlement but took a
Supplemental Unemployment
Benefits plan instead.
Now they want both. Under the
"thrift-stock" plan, the company
would match employees' invest-
ments in Chrysler stock.
For example, a Chrysler work-
er has $10 deducted from his pay
check by the company. Six dol-
lars would go into U.S. savings
bonds, the other $4 would be in-
vested in Chrysler stock.
Chrysler would then match the
$4 in stock. As a result, the em-
ployee gets $6 in government
bonds and $8 in company bonds.
Chrysler negotiators have stub-
bornly resisted union demands for
this plan in the contract settle-
THE SENIORITY problem is
acute at Chrysler because the
company has done most of its
moving of operations within the
last two years. Ford Motor Car
Company and GM relocated their
plants in earlier years.
Approximately 13,000 Chrysler
workers with 10 to 15 years of
seniority are laid off in the De-
troit area and some 2,400 with
more than 15 years seniority have
been laid off.
White goflar severance pay de-
mands call for even better in-
creases than in the Ford settle-
ment. Chrysler has offered the
same plan as incorporated in the
Ford contract but union negotia-
tors are pressing for even more.
Although Chrysler is maintain-
ing its resistance to salaried
workers' demands, the UAW ap-
parently decided that it was not
worth having the 70,000 hourly
employees strike to win extra
benefits for the white collar
group.
An additional 14,000 unorgan-
ized white collar workers are list-
ed on Chrysler pay rolls. Special
concessions to the unionized of-
fices workers and engineers would
go far in convincing the 14,000
to join the UAW ranks.
Chrysler's resistance to the sal-
aried workers' demands can be,
in part, accounted for in light of
the UAW's efforts to unionize all
the company's white collar work-
ers.
ment.
from them in the manner of its
equally expansive predecessor,
"Giant." Whereas in the former
two films, emphasis was placed
upon plot rather than setting, in
"Giant" and "The Big Country"
directors have tried to unite the
two in a cause and effect relation-
ship, operating under the assump-
tion that big pictures of a big land
give rise to concepts of big prob-
lems and so forth. It is, one might
suppose, an attempt at a broad
sort of symbolism.
THE PLOT of the film is in-
teresting but not in any sense re-
markable. Jim McKay (Gregory
Peck) an Eastern sea captain
comes to the far west country to
marry a girl he had met in Bal-
timore. Falling into the middle
of a feud between the girl's pros-
perous father and the Hennes-
seys, a clan of local "trash," he
finds his gentlemanly code of be-
havior apparently meaningless in
this yet barbaric land.
Eventually, of course, civiliza-
tion meets the west and conquers
it. Unable to communicate his
values to either his betrothed or
her father, McKay leaves the
girl (Carroll Baker) and attempts
to handle problems in his own
way. By buying up a disputed
piece of territory, he forces settle-
ment of the feud; through the
deaths of the two patriarchs in-
volved, expiation of past violence
is finally accomplished and three
big hours are over.
The main flaw of the film,
other than its slightly excessive
length, probably rests in the
over-simplicity of the story and
its presentation. There is much
fine acting, but little real char-
acter development or revelation in
the picture, and the general out-
lines of the plot are obvious and
predictable from the first fifteen
minutes of the film.
-Jean Willoughby
INTERPRETING:
Red Troops
Kept Bu1#1sy
By THOMAS P. WHITNEY
Associated Press Foreign News Analyst'
Russia and Red China express
outrage at the use of American
and British troops in the Middle
East. But they have never hesi-
tated to use their armed forces as
instruments of policy.
A glance at the accompanying
map proves the point.
Soviet armed forces impose mili-
tary rule in both East Germany
and Hungary. It is doubtful if the
Communist regimes there could
last for a day if the Russian troops
were withdrawn.
* .* *
Chinese Communist forces im-
pose military rule in North Korea.
Communist Poland, which de-
sires to maintain its independence
of the Kremlin while remaining
Communist in form of govern-
ment, is a particularly helpless
victim of the threat imposed by
Soviet armed forces.
Some Soviet troops are located
on Polish soil, nominally to protect
Soviet lines of communication with
East Germany, but actually as a
threat against too great an inde-
pendence of Moscow by Warsaw.
To back up this threat to Poland
there are troops whose bayonets
point east in East Germany and
others in the Soviet Union whose
bayonets point west. Poland is in
between.
* * *
Soviet troops threaten another
Communist country, Yugoslavia,
from across the Hungarian border.
They are a reminder to the stub-
bornly independent Tito that
should he go too far in his de-
fiance of the Soviet Union he
might have to answer on the
battlefield. In times of particular
stress the Russians increase their
troop concentrations.
Thiscthreat is a common Rus-
sian weapon. Soviet forces are
located in the Transcaucasus and
in central Asia on the Soviet bor-
ders with Turkey and Iran. From
time to time the Russians rein-
force these divisions or hold troop
maneuvers to drive home their
potential threat. Soviet forces also
could take over weak Afganistan
in a day.
In the Far East, Communist
China has used its troops as policy
weapons against Burma, advanc-
ing them into areas in North
Burma claimed by Communist
China.
* * *
Communist Chinese forces also
continually threaten hoth Nation-
CINEMA GUILD:
Right Wins,
Kazan T oo!
N ELIA KAZAN picture, "Panic
On The Streets," is the current
attraction which can be seen in
the newly-cushioned comfort of
Cinema Guild. Kazan has utilized
the talents of an outstanding cast,
including Jack Palance, to produce
a nervewracking "chase" movie
which transcends the usual cliches
to become a strong link in his
chain of fine motion pictures.
In ordinary hands the story of
the attempts of a city health of-
ficial to find the murderers of a
pneumonic plague carrier before
they also spread the deadly plague
through the country could result
in cheap melodrama.
Certain qualities, including a.
sensitive use of photographic tech-
niques, an artistically controlled
musical score: and almost sicken-
ingly realistic locations, are auto-
matically associated with a Kazan
picture. Technical virtuosity is a
strongpoint, but this alone does not
explain why "Panic On The
Streets," although overworked as
a term, is universality. Beneath
the simple frame of the plot Kazan
weaves a complex mesh of human
relationships together which all
are affected by the basic conflict
between knowledge and ignorance.
From Richard Widmark, the har-
assed, but dedicated public health
doctor and his neglected wife, Bar-
bara Bel Geddes, to the co-oper-
ating police chief, Paul Douglas,
attempting to prevent sure disaster
which could be triggered by short-
sighted politicians and journalists,
this opposition is found
Jack Palance, small-time racka-
teer, most dramatically illustrates
the inherent folly of ignorance as
he first seeks to obtain his share
of the smuggled loot (plague), and
then blindly flees his only salva-
tion, the doctor and police, spread-
ing death both silently and violent-
ly on his way.
The obiquitous great chase ac-
tually heightens an almost un-
bearable level of tension through a
masterly use of dramatic irony.
This characteristic found through-
out, justifies the use of the tag,
universality, as the film's most
striking characteristic.
-Dan Wolter
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the Univer-
sity of Michigan for which The
Michigan Dailynassumes no edi-
torial responsibility. Notices should
be sent in TYPEWRITTEN form to
Room 3519 Administration Build-
ing, before 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday,
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1958
VOL. LXIX, NO. 14
General Notices
Regents Meeting: Oct. 24, 1958. Com-
munications for consideration at this
meeting must be in the President's
hands not later than Oct. 14.
Women's Judiciary council has
opened petitioning to all registered
University organizations andrdepart-
ments sponsoring first semester acti-
vities at which a 45 minute extension
of women's hours is desirable. Petition
forms may be acquired at the Under-
graduate Office of the League and
must be turned in at that office no
later than 2:00 p.m., Oct. 8. Petitioning
parties will be advised of an interview
date by women's Judiciary Council
following filing of petition. Events
which have traditionally been granted
45 minute extensions and which do not
have to petition include:
Chamber music concerts, Choral Un-
ion Concerts, Drama Series, Extra Con-
cert Series, Junior Girls' Play, May
Festival, Music School Productions,
MUSKET, Oratorical Society Lectures,
Soph Show, Speech Department Pro-
ductions, Stanley Quartet Concerts,
and Varsity Athletic Events.
International Center Tea: Thurs.,
Oct. 2, 4-6 p.m. at the International
Center.
Open House: The Audio-Visual Edu-
cation Center extends an invitation to
the faculty and staff to attend the
Center's Open House Thurs., Oct. 2,
from 7:45 p.m. to 9:30 p.m., Fri., from
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and Fri., Oct. 3,
from '7:45 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. A tour of
the center, film presentations will be
the highlights, followed by refresh-
ments.
The following student-sponsored so-
cial events have been apprved for the
coming weekend. Social chairmen are
reminded that requests for approval for
1
TODAY AND TOMORROW:
old Nixon Revealed
By WALTER LIPPMANN
ON SATURDAY, Vice-President Richard Nix-
on issued a statement saying that he had
been shocked when he read the morning papers.
There had been a news story carrying the infor-
mation that out of about 5,000 letters received
at the State Department, 80 per cent were
critical of the Administration's policy at Que-
moy and Matsu. Nixon was shocked because
there was so much opposition and he was even
more shocked that the bad news had been
published.
In fact, he was so shocked at the publication
of the news that he promptly accused the sub-
ordinate official who gave it to a reporter of
a "patent and deliberate effort . . . to sabo-
tage" the policy of the Secretary of State. This
is a very serious charge, and it is one which
cannot be passed over lightly. For here we have
the Vice-President denouncing as , sabotage
what was in fact a truthful answer to a legiti-
mate question asked by a responsible reporter in
the course of quite normal and standard news-
paper practice.
On questions of wide public interest it is a
very common practice of the American press
to ask the White House, the Departments, and
the members of Congress what their mail shows
about public opinion. Yet suddenly Nixon pro-
fesses to be so shocked at such a news story
that he can think of no explanation except to
accuse a helpless official of what, were there
any truth in the accusation, would be a high
crime against his country.
So we must ask whether Mr. Nixon presumes
to say that the reporter had no right to ask
the question about the State Department's mail.
He will not presume to say that. Then what does
he think was the duty of the State Department
official? Should the official have refused to an-
swer the reporter's question? Or should he have
lied to him?
NIXON MUST NOT MAKE such reckless and
unfounded accusations against innocent
On the substance, it is, of course, true that
foreign policy cannot and should not be con-
ducted by counting the letters which reach the
government. It is true that the right policy is
often unpopular and that governments which
let themselves be governed by opinion polls
are weak and are very often wrong. But it may
also be true that the policy of the government
is wrong and that those who criticize and
oppose it had better be listened to respectfully
and carefully. That happens to be true in this
case. For no one can pretend that the Adminis-
tration has so clear a policy on the offshore
Islands that the policy is not open to genuine
debate.
The policy is, in fact, not yet determined and
In the country, especially among the informed
and experienced in foreign affairs, the debate
in proceeding. All the signs point to a mounting
conviction that the Administration has blun-
dered into trouble, and that it needs help to
extricate itself. Mr. Nixon says that "what is at
stake .. , is the whole free world position in the
Far East." That may be true. But if the whole
free world position in the Far East has come
to be at stake in Quemoy, then they have much
to answer for to the American people and at
the bar of history who allowed the whole free
world position to be staked on so absurd a
thing as the offshore islands.
IF WE LOOK beyond the angry words which
are being exchanged, the actual situation has
for the moment at least been stabilized. There
is no evidence that the Communists mean to
invade Quemoy. There is good evidence that
we do not mean to= allow Chiang to draw us
into an attack upon the mainland.
If so, there is also going to be time for a'
debate in this country on whether and how our
China policy should be revised. The debate will
turn first of all on how to disengage Chiang's
army and oourevcne m tencn ar- l-le
AT HILL AUDITORIUM:
Peters Displays Flawless Technique
THE EIGHTIETH annual Choral
Union Series opened last night
in Hill Auditorium with a concert
by Miss Roberta Peters, coloratura
soprano of the Metropolitan Opera,
who was received by an enthusi-
astic audience.
In general, the first part of the
program was not too successful.
Miss Peters showed remarkable
vocal and technical ability, but left
much to be desired in interpreta-
tion. She offered a beautiful voice,
well controlled, but seemed con-
tent to slight emotional identifica-
tion. She displayed little sense of
style in the aria "I Follow With
Gladness" from Bach's St. John
Passion. Similarly, Miss Peters
showed little awareness of what
she was singing about in the Schu-
mann Lieder, although her voice
was effortlessly lovely.
The inserted number, "Morgen,"
by Richard Strauss, only com-
pounded her errors of communica-
tion. The following number,
"Amor," by the same composer,
was better suited to her vocal
temperament and partially coun-
teracted the effect of the preceding
songs.
Beautifully done were Handel's
"Sweet Bird" and Meyerbeer's aria
from Dinorah, "Ombre legere," a
show piece of no great substance
which released Miss Peters from
any obligation beyond exhibiting
her voice to its fullest advantage,
Aiken's touching "Music I Heard
With You," set by Richard Hage-
man. The Debussy and Ravel songs
were enjoyable, especially the "Air
de Feu" from Ravel's seldom-heard
"L'Enfant et les sortileges." Miss
Peters' performanceof "Una voce
poco fa," suffered from an over-
florid and slightly cute interpreta-
tion.
Miss Peters is a well-trained
singer with a beautiful voice. Dur-
ing the entire program, she showed
no signs of fatigue and her techni-
cal performance was flawless. Her
enunciation was clearly projected
to the uppermost regions of Hill
Auditorium-not the easiest hall
in which to perform. Her program,
although not particularly well-
planned, was enjoyable on the
whole, and proved an excellent
opener for the Choral Union Series,
despite the fact that the encores
ranged from the innocuous'to just
plain embarrassing.
Mr. Trovillo, the accompanist,
and Mr. Crebo, who played the
flute obbligati, were no more than
adequate. Perhaps the full effect
of their contributions would have
been better enjoyed if they had
spent a few minutes together be-
fore the performance to agree on
pitch.
-Mary Lewis
Every Night