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tRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1958 NIGHT EDITOR: LANE VANDERSLICE
Control of Chiang Real Issue
In Current Quemoy Crisis
SEC. OF STATE John Foster Dulles' speech
yesterday on the touchy Formosan problem
basically appears to be a stop-gap solution to
prevent the Far Eastern crisis from flaming
nito a major war nobody, most particularly
;he American public, wants. In the Secretary's
rnild approach can be seen the hope that the
Chinese Communists will accept it as a way out
f a difficult position.
.A cease-fire is obviously the first step in
olving the problem of the off-shore islands;
jut then. the United. States must decide what
olution can be found to meet the not entirely
injustified claims of the Chinese for the
slands. After all this is done, the United $tates
rust decide what to do with Chiang Kai-shek.
The United States has been maneuvered into
, position where It is committed to fight the
'hinese Communists, and perhaps the Soviet
Jnion, for a few square miles of land com-
letely useless to the Western world. This
ountry is threatened with losing the support
)f its allies for its stand on Quemoy and cause
L schism that could, form the basis for a dis-
tnited and ineffective Western policy in the
'ar East.
There is little reason to believe that, to leave
he off-shore islands to the Chinese Com-
nunists would give that country's leaders the
reen light for an attack on Formosa. Even
hough Formosa may not be essential to defense
f the West, the United States policy is too
learly defined for the Reds to believe this
ountry would acquiesce in their demands.
FORMOSA AND the, position of the entire
free world in the Western Pacific, then, is
ot, as President Eisenhower claims, threatened
or is it really the issue. If the Administration
cnd a certain sector of the American public
rould look more closely at the Formosan
-traits, they would see that the real issue is
ow to control Chiang Kai-shek. The Adminis-
ration would do well to ask itself how long
e is going to be permitted to guide, indeed
Imost formulate, American foreign policy in
hie Far East. Chiang has done his best to
iextricably tie American military power to
he interests of the Nationalists. Perhaps the
most serious mistake this country has made
in the events leading to the current ecrisis is
to allow Chiang to transport about a third of
his armed forces to Quemoy. Loss of that pro-,
portion of his military in a Communist invasion
would so weaken Chiang's ability to defend
Formosa that the United States hardly can
afford not to defend Quemoy.
CHIANG'S wild-eyed maneuvers in the Pacific
have, curiously enough, forced President
Eisenhower to take one of his strongest and
probably most unpopular stands since he has
been in office. His courage and determination
in warning the Chinese the United States is
prepared to fight over the islands and will not
tolerate armed aggression in the Far East are
to be commended; but a great deal more com-
mendation could be directed his way if he would
take a more emphatic position on what Chiang
can and cannot do.
Since it is only through the United States'
economic aid and military protection that the
Nationalist's government still exists, it hardly
seems unreasonable that we should have con-
siderable say over his actions that might start'
a global war.
While the problem of handling Chiang is
perhaps the more important, ultimately, set-
tling the off-shore islands issue will probably
prove more difficult. There should be no ques-
tion of Chiang aceepting or rejecting a solu-
tion that-is Acceptable to the. West: if it is
agreeable to the United States and in line
with its allies interests, 'Chiang must. be made
to accept it. The Chinese Communists probably
will have to accept something less than full
control of the islands but surely will demand
the Nationalists be removed from their front
door step.
So while the details of a solution are not yet
in sight, it would appear that some sort of
neutralization of the islands-perhaps with the
Communists to assume control in a specified
number of years-is the goal toward which both
sides, assuming each sincerely wishes to settle
the issue, must work.
--DAVID TARR
Associate Editor
By MARVIN t.ARROWSMITH
Associated Press Correspondent
NEWPORT, R.I.-Whether Sher-
man Adams quits or stays, it's
one of the strangest cases in a
long time-packed with drama.
As was the case 10 days ago
right after the Republican political
disaster in the Maine elections, no
one close to President Dwight D.
Eisenhower at the summer White
House would bet you that Adams
will weather the storm and con
tinue as President Eisenhower's
chief aide.
Those in the inner circle at the
President's vacation headquarters
insist they just don't know. What
is more, they insist that President
Eisenhower himself doesn't know--
simply because, they say, Adams
hasn't told the President.
There is the drama. These presi-
dential lieutenants in Newport
have said repeatedly that President
Eisenhower never will take the
initiative and tell Adams he is
through.
They have said over and over
again that President Eisenhower
doesn't operate that way -that
Adams will have to make up his
own mind and inform the Presi-
dent regarding his decision.
And they picture the wiry,
white - haired Adams as going
through the greatest agony of his
59 years in trying to make up his
mind what to do.
The background, of course, is
that last June a Congressional in-
vestigating committee nailed down
that Adams had accepted costly
gifts and favors from an old friend,
Bernard Goldflne, at a time when
the Boston industrialist was in
trouble before federal regulatory
agencies.
Adams acknowledged getting
gifts and favors.,But he testified
he never, exerted one bit of influ-
ence on behalf of Goldfine. He said
he made only routine inquiries
about Goldfine's difficulties.
At a Washington news confer-
ence June 18, President Eisenhower
said Adams had been imprudent
but that nevertheless "I need him."
That. might have ended it, de-
spite the clamor on the part of a
good many GOP candidates that
Adams had to go. They contended
he had become a political mill-
stone, likely to drag the party to
defeat in this year's elections.
But after a few weeks, the
clamor subsided. Then on Sept. 8
in Mlaine, the Republicans were
shellacked by the Democrats. The
Goldfine case was an indirect issue
there, and GOP candidates in
other states set up a new howl for
Adams' scalp.
Since that howl started. Presi-
dent Eisenhower has been' publicly
silent. He called the Republican
setback in Maine a beating there
is no use trying to disguise.
But all indications at the sum-
mer White House are that no one
close to him knows whether he has
changed his mind about Adams
having to stay on because "I need
him."
For the first time since Adams
returned to his Washington office
REPORT CARD:
Congressional Gabbyness Revealed
France Faces Danger of Rightism
By ARTHUR EDSON
Associated Press Newsfeatures Writer
WASHINGTON - As every de-
voted follower of Congress
knows, it takes a heap of talking
to make a bill a law.
The latest "Congressional Rec-
ord" confirms this loquaciousness,
for it includes a final report card
on the 85th Congress.
Sure enough, this was one of
the most talkative Congresses in
years.
It generally isn't realized that
long after the statesmen have de-
parted, their echoes linger on in
new issues of the record. Like an
ardent lover, who can't bear -to
seal the envelope without one more
P.S., a congressman yearns to jot
down one more parting thought.
Like the ardent lover, too, a
congressman tends to overstate
his case.
* * *
A CAREFUL READER will note
that this message seems to run
through the pleas:
"Now, are you lucky voters go-
ing to return me to Washington-
or are you going to allow this
country to go to the dogs?"
But these self-love pats aren't
what attract us devoted followers.
Of Congress.
No, it's a single page of statistics,
"a resume of Congressional activ-
ity," that draws our attention.
Here are such droll facts as how
long the Senators talked, to the
minute, without a worry as to
what they said and who, if any-
one, listened. How many bills were
tossed into the hopper, counted.
impartially from_ the most im-
portant to the silliest. How many
bills became laws, with no fretting
over whether they were good or
bad.
It is well known now that 96
Senators, who have few rules
limiting debate, invariably out-
talk 435 representatives, whose
time is severely rationed.
But even by gabby senatorial
standards, this last Senate stood
out.
It began by talking away for
860 hours and 44 minutes in its
first session last year, and then
returned in 1958 to talk 1,014 hours
and 45 minutes in the session that
wound up Aug. 24.
For comparison, the House met
for only 562 hours afid 12 minutes
during the last session.
You have to go back to the first
session of the 82nd Congress,
which quit work on Oct. 20, 1951,
to find a Senate to compare with
this one. That Senate, meeting two
extra months, put in 996 hours
and 46 minutes, but this so winded.
it that it gave up after 651 hours,
in the second session.
* * *
THERE'S A LOT of loose talk
about this country going soft, but,
complain as you .will, the Senator
of today seems as strong-lunged
as ever.
Let's be fair about this, though.
Considerable work was done.
More than 20,000 bills and reso-
lutions were introduced. Mostly in
committees, whose long hours of
work don't.show up on any chart,
these were either cultivated or
plowed under. Around 1,700 finally,
became laws.
One surprising statistic:
A President can veto an Act of
Congress, which then, by a two-
thirds vote, can make the bill a
law over the President's protest.
So far President Eisenhower has
vetoed well over 100 bills. Not
once has his veto been overridden
by Congress.
rANCE VOTES Sept. 28 on the constitution
proposed by General Charles de Gaulle. The
onstitution would establish a Fifth' Republie
iffering drastically from the current Fourth
epublie with Is eindless parade of middle-
f-the-road premiers. The ultimate authority
ould pass from the cabinet-breaking Assembly
the president, now almost powerless..
It seems clear the French people will approve
its constitution d'espite the concentration of
ower in the hands of the chief executive. In-
oing so they will be approving the general,
nid trusting him not to abuse the power placed
his bands.
France has, of course, an extremely wide
Inge of political opinions embodied in active'
rganizations, Not all Will approve the new
Dnstitution, not all will trust the general.
"DE GAULLE.. . C'EST. LE FASCISME"
ream Communist posters on walls li Paris.
nd some liberal Frenchnen have' said that
hile they feel Gen. de Gaulleis -himself' a
emocrat now they doubt that he can overcome'
ze influence of the rightist generals whose:
volt brought him to power.
UT MANY other Frenchmen would welcome
additional rightist influence, augmenting or,
placing the general,
A Parisian medical student explains it this.
ay: "France is tired of democracy, One-third
INTERPRETING THE NEWS
of the students are Communists, one-third are
not interested in politics and would rather not
dirty their hands with it, and the remaining
one-third favor a rightist government.'
The student goes- on to say that Gen. de
Gaulle would not- be his choice as strongman
because of the postwar execution of thousands
of Frenchmen as collaborationists who merely
cooperated with the Vichy government, which
he characterizes as "legally chosen" by the
National Assembly. He would prefer a govern-
ment like that of Portugal's moderate dictator
Salazar, the student said.
But assuming Gen. de Gaulle is given his
constitution in this month's referendum, and
manages to walk the tightrope of rightist mod-
eration, there, remains for France the dilemma
of rightist govermimrnt everywhere: what will
happen when the strongman is gone?.
Many may wish. to abandon democracy be--
cause of what the student characterizes as
"disaster after disaster"- to which it has led.
But unless .-Gen. de Gaulle establishes demo-
cratic- institutions to replace again the power
he is -now seeking, another disaster may occur.
It is only to be hoped that in taking the
necessary step of 'approving de Gaulle's' con-
stitution the French people do not merely abdi-
cate responsibility, and_ in accepting power the,
general does not wish to become "another Sala-
zar"
--THOMAS TURNER
SHERMAN ADAMS
..still working
Monday after a 10-day vacation,
the President and Adams talked
yesterday-by telephone.
They had not consulted since
Sept. 6, when President Eisenhower
interrupted his vacation and re-
turned to the capital for a' few
hours. That was two days before
the Maine elections.'
James C. Hagerty, White House
press secretary, told a news con-
ference at Newport that the Eisen.
hower-Adams conversation yester-
day dealt only with government
business-that it touched in no
way on the big question of whether
Adams is in or out.
Earlier in the day, Hagerty said
he still had not the slightest, in-
dication that Adams might be,
planning to resign-or that Presi-
dent- Eisenhower might fire .him.
Hagerty put it that way in com-
menting on, Washington reports
that GOP leaders had prevailed
on Adams to recognize that he
has no alternative but to resign
for the party's good.
In the light of all that,' put
yourself in Adams' shoes and see
the drama in this case.
You call your boss, the Presi-
dent in this case, and you taIkI
about routine government busi-
ness. And all the time you are
grappling with the biggest decision
in your whole career - hoping,
maybe, the boss will give you, a
clue. what he wants you to do.
And the boss doesn't mention
the thing that's tormenting you
and you know, at' the. same time,
that he knows it's tormenting you.
What would you do?
LETTERS
to the
EDITOR
Inaccuracy .
To the Editor:
AFTER reading the recent A?
report about Kiev ("the city
of chestnut trees") in your Daily
of September 17, one cannot easily
overcome an impression that the
author's own observations '(sula h;ntdevrnetlcn
as the noted environmental con-
trasts between inhabitants of Kiev.
and those of" Moscow) cast a'
shadow of legitimate 'doubt over
the accuracy of the postulate-.
which he repeats-declaring Kiev
a Russian city.
The above discrepancy arises
from the fact that the latter
postulate is wrong. It is histori-
cally incorrect according to at
least one school of thought. Since
the scientific effort in Russia is-
and has always been-made sub-
servient to political motives, the
subject of history is no exception.
The history of Russia was- never.
written in English-it was trans-
lated. We do not know of any
substantially independent-research
in this area by either West Euro-
pean or American historians
(please correct us if we are
wrong!).
For them to rely on Russian
sources is to run the danger of
being incomplete or inaccurate.
* * *
THE RUSSIAN. history begins
no earlier than in the 14th century
with the rise of the Dutchy of
Muscovy, according to Hrushevsky.
The fundamnetal studies ; about
the origins of the Kievan State by
M. Hrushevsky, which provide th
only available reference material
from non-Russian sources, - point
out that the ancient Kiev should
be viewed as the adversary rather
than the forerunner of the later
Muscovite empire.
The first devastating invasion
of Kiev was carried neither by, the
Tartars nor the Nazis (as implied
by the author of the aforemen-
tioned dispatch), but by Kiev's
northeastern neighbors in 1169
under the Duke Andrei Bogolubski
of Suzdal, the immediate fore-
runner of the dutchy of Muscovy.
The contemporary 12th century
Kievan historian speaks of the
invaders as "foreigners and bar-
barians."
4
AT ALUMNI HALL:
Art Museum Displays Impressive,. Wide Selection
Dulle speaks Softly
By J. M. ROBERTS.
Associated Press News Analyst
'ECRETARY OF STATE John Foster Dulles
spoke before the United Nations General
ssembly yesterday as a man who wasn't trying
start any fights. .
With reference to Communist China, he
.Z 4
Editorial Staff
RICHARD TAUB, Editor
LEL KRAFT JO
rial Director
had already been a lot rougher in other public
statements.'
He sounded like a man who recognizes that
United States policy in the Formosa Strait
dispute is looked upon dubiously by many
nations, both friends and neutrals, no matter
how essential he considers it to be.
Negotiations are under way, he said. If they
prove fruitless, then the matter can be discussed
in the United Nations.
Before he spoke, the situation in the Strait
became more ominous. There was a battle be-
tween Communist and Nationalist planes over
.a Quemoy convoy. The American command was
flying fighter cover for air drops of supplies
for the island's defenders. It indicated its readi.
ness to engage the Reds if they tried aerial in-
terference.
The nonbeligerence of the Dulles opening
speech immediately encouraged other delegates
who wanted to give the Warsaw negotiations
a chance, however slim.
MErANWHILE there were reports irn Britain
that the Warsaw negotiations had pro-
duced a Communist suggestion for a ceasefire in
the Quemoy area if Chiang Kai-shek would
W HEN WE SAW the announce-
ment outside Alumni Hall
that the currentshowings of the
Museum ,of Art are from the
permanent collections, we expected
to see (as we have so often at
other University museums) a bor-
ing assortment of second' rate
works, the sort of things maiden
aunts bequeath one and which are
then desperately passed on to
worthy institutions.
It was with no end of delight
that we found our original notion
completely, excitingly wrong.
The selection of top works in
several areas and eras are so
numerous that no deprecation or
apology is necessary. Rather, one
is impressed with the range and
selectivity of the collections.
The present exhibits were de-
signed by Charles H. Sawyer,
Director of the Museum of Art, to
show off the broad scope and high
quality of the rUniversity collec-
tions, and to show the collections
in their role of teaching materials.
THIS LATTER aim is particu-
larly evident where a series of a
few pieces-notably the Limoges
enamel, c. 1200, the 14th century
Flemish "Statuette of Standing
Apostle," and the "Mourning Fe-
male Figure," Austrian(?) 17th
century-embody the characteris-
tic aesthetic, humane, and philo-
sophic values of their periods and
show clearly the evolving modes of
European expression of those
times.
On the stair landing leading to
the upper galleries is a collection
of "out-of-fashion" paintings-a
group of small oils which includes
a fine waterscape by Boudin and a
Fantain-Latour flower study. We
were particularly attracted to the
Whistler "Sea and Rain" and the
Hartley (a strong, serene study of
mountains), Picasso (showing the
sensitive parsimony of line found
in the finest of his work), and Ben
Shahn's "Brick Building." This
latter piece is, in a way, shocking
in that it shows how little Shahn
depends on color. for his unique
and, usually, highly colored ex-
pressions.
IN THE North Gallery are a
series of watercolors selected not
only for aesthetic merit but also as
representative examples of the
evolving styles of the past 70 years.
These range from the charming,
old fashioned "The Willow Pond"
by Murphy, to the cool geometry
of Maholy-Nagy's "Abstract Com-
position." Particularly interesting
are the two works by Nauen and
Nolde-vigorous examples of the
Blaue Ritter group.
Half the large West Gallery is
devoted to contemporary paintings
ranging from "Nude on a Navajo
Blanket" to the more recent works
of Kantor, Albers, and Suther-
land. There are some typical
"Seated Figures" by Moore, a
characteristically finnicking,
squirming, congested Mark Tobey,
and (on loan) a highly sophisti-
cated -Buffet still life. The prize, of
the group, however (and a new
addition to the collection) is the
deceptively simple Feininger "Con-
necticut Hills, 1950."
At the opposite end of the West
Gallery are pieces selected from
the collection of orientalia, in-
cluding some excellent bronze Ku
and jade ceremonial implements
from the Shang dynasty, a fine
Japanese painting on a gold
ground (recently acquired), a
busty "Female Deity" from India,
and a superb Sung celadon bowl.
The loan by Cranbrook Academy,
priety found in Japanese prints of
the best periods. A few examples
of these antique prints are hung
in the upper halls, with. Dohan's
"A Woman Pausing as She Walks
and Turning to Look Behind Her"
-notable for only its rather amaz-
ing title, but more importantly for
its rich handling of a restricted
color scheme, fine drawing, and
strong sense of design.'
* * *
IN ORDER to show more of the,
University collections, the exhibi-
tion area of the Undergraduate
Library has been devoted to a
8[I
collection of French prints of the
late 19th and 20th centuries. The
show includes groups by such mas-
ters as Matisse, Roualt, Cezanne,
Braque, Maillol, Bonnard, Vuillard,
Toulouse-Lautrec (his "Woman
With Mirror" is especially impres-
sive to us), and Manet. We were
pleased to see that Renoir's ladies,
as lush and full blown as ever,
come through in black and white
rather more strongly than their.
painted sisters. Two Villon color
prints are particularly delightful,
decorative.
-David Guillaume
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'HN WEICHER
City Editor
DAVID TARR
Associate Editor
I
CANTOR...................Personnel Director
r WILLOUGHBY.......Associate Editorial Director
rA JORGENSON......... Associate City Editor
ABETH ERSKINE... .Asociate Personnel Director
JONES.................Sports Editor
L RISEMAN... ..,...... ..Associate Sports Editor
)LEMAN,........,.........Associate Sports Editor
D ARNOLD«.................Chief Photographer
Business Staff
STEPHEN TOPOL, Business Manager
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