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te idian at
Seventy-nine years of editorial freedom
Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan
Athletics: Soaking up University funds
martin hirsclmwuia
i
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Mich.
News Phone: 764-0552
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers
or the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
THURSDAY, MARCH 19, 1970
NIGHT EDITOR: LYNN WEINER
Support RAM demands
THE DEMANDS of the Black Action
Movement for increased minority ad-
missions with the appropriate supportive
services must be met in full by the Uni-
sity.
.The University - long reputed to be
a school of rich whites -- has been worse
than negligent in meeting its responsibili-
ties as a state institution of higher learn-
ing. Black students comprise less than
three per cent of the University's enroll-
ment while the state population is more
than 12 per cent black.
It is apparent, therefore, that the ques-
tion the Regents must answer today is
not whether or not the demands should
be met but rather how the programs BAM
demands can be funded.
rTIE REGENTS will probably fund in-
creased minority admissions by add-
ing an additional ten or twenty dollars
to the projected tuition increase next
year. However, in order for this method
of finance to be effective, the University
must make several commitments.
First, the University must make a mas-
sive commitment to increasing monies
available for financial assistance, be-
cause raising tuition to accommodate
minority admissions will increase t h e
number of students who cannot pay the
higher rate. A minority admissions plan
which has the effect of excluding great
numbers of poor students is unacceptable.
Therefore, a comprehensive financial aids
program must be developed.
Second, because it is apparent t h a t
greater numbers 'of students will be re-
ceiving financial aid if tuition is increas-
ed, it becomes more important than ever
that the University refuse to recognize
any political qualifications which would
limit the ability of a person to obtain
financial aid. Scholarships must not be
used as political levers to squelch dissent.
UNIVERSITY PRIORITIES must be re-
oriented to provide several million
dollars for the minority admissions pro-
gram. But, this would only contribute a
fraction of the amount needed and a tui-
tion increase is the only realistic method
immediately available for raising the ne-
cessary money. It is, however, crucial that
the Regents also recognize that tuition
increases are at best stopgap ,measures.
Tuition cannot be raised to meet every
financial crisis.
Rather the University must begin to use
its influence on state levels to establish
sufficient funding for the minority ad-
missions programs. Perhaps the o n 1 y
solution would be fiscal reform at a state-
wide level.#
THE FIRST priority for all state univer-
sities must be the funding of pro-
grams which open the facilities of the
universities to all people who seek high-
er education rather than the select few
who have financial resources available.
At present, however, massive state sup-
port is not available. But the University
has the responsibility to increase the edu-
cational opportunities for minority and
disadvantaged youth. The acceptance of
the BAM program is a first step in that
direction.
-THE SENIOR EDITORS
WHILE THE University administration
is making pained noises about finding
money for faculty salary increases, black
admissions and holding the line on tuition,
the athletic department is ambling along
modestly on its $2.7 million a year budget.
And strikingly, if the administration
were inclined to reorient funding priorities
to meet the truly pressing needs facing
the University, much of the athletic de-
partment budget could be salvaged for
other purposes.
The most obviously salvagable money
is the over $572,000 for athletics each year
that is presenting being drawn out of the
University's General Fund Budget -
which, in turn is drawn mostly from state
appropriations and fee tuition.
This general fund money - which the
athletic department budgets under t h e
heading of "University allocation" - is
presently coming into the department from
two accounts and is being put to general
uses.
FIRST THERE IS THE age-old student
athletic fee - $5 per student, per term
- yielding an estimated $372,000 for the
1969-70 fiscal year. At present, about $326,-
0000 of this money is being used to pay
off bonds floated to construct the lavish
Fritz Crisler Arena.
The rest of the money is lost somewhere
in the expenditures column. What it
amounts to is a partial subsidy for the
over $100,000 debt the department rang up
last year - yes, despite the huge helping
the department gets from the general fund,
it is still spending enough to eat up about
one-eighth of its reserves a year.
The other athletic department revenue
that is directly traceable to student fees
is three-year, $600,000 program of outdoor
recreational field improvements.
Most of this money has gone for light-
ing playing fields, and covering the foot-
ball stadium playing field with Tartan
Turf to reduce maintenance costs and al-
lowing for use by intramural and club
sports.
While these improvements are less od-
ious than the construction of the Fritz
Crisler Arena - and more meaningful in
terms of meeting the needs of students -
there is still considerable question as to
whether they should take precedence over
expenditures for minority admissions and
increased financial aids.
IF THE ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT,
along with its $713,000 reserve fund, were
eliminated, the University would gain back
only the $576,0000 tuition subsidy.
But, by simply cutting back some of the
department's operations, larger amounts of
money would become available to pro-
grams of higher priority.
Optimally, the athletic department
would be solely involved in providing ser-
vices for the large numbers of students who
want to get in some recreation in their
spare time. There is no need for the aca-
demic community to function as the home
of farm teams for professional sports.
If, however, some auxilliary activities of
the athletic department do provide re-
venues to fund those things that are de-
sireable, and if their existence is not, in
itself, too odious, then perhaps some of
these activities can be tolerated.
But in fact, only one of the department's
many enterprises, the football business, is
making any money. With total game re-
ceipts at about $1.23 million, football -
along with the tuition money - is subsi-
dizing all other departmental activities.
The other nine varsity sports - baseball,
track, basketball, tennis, golf, swimming,
wrestling, hockey, and gymnastics - are
all losing money. If the University is really
not just a stopping place for athletes on
their way to the pros, these sports could
be returned to intramural or club sport
status. The money which would be gen-
erated is not insubstantial.
ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT EXPENDI-
TURES would first be lowered by about
$200,000 - the operating costs of the
nine varsity teams.
In addition, the department's $43,000
item for recruiting high school athletes
and the $14,000 for "paid visits" of poten-
tial recruits to campus could be cut back
significantly.
An indeterminate, but undoubtedly large
chunk of money would also be saved
from the whopping $921,000 salaries and
wages item in the present department
budget
And another item in the department's
budget needs serious review. At present,
$496,000 is used by the department f o r
tenders - full scholarships - to h i g h
school athletes. Financial needs is not a
prerequisite for the granting of t h e s e
funds.
By simply cutting back the operations
of the athletic department, the Univer-
sity administration can probably find
about $1.5 million a year that could be
better spent on other things. Some of it
could even be used to fund the proposed
multi-million dollar intramural construc-
tion project - if the students, voting in
referendum, feel it is worthwhile. The
present plan for funding the construction
by another increases in student tuition is
unacceptable in the light of the present
athletic department spending priorities.
The Regents are planning to meet with
Athletic Director Don Canham and the
Board in Control of Intercollegiate Ath-
letics in a closed session today at 3:30
p.m. in the Union.
If they are sincerely interested In find-
ing funds for increased minority admis-
sions, the Regents should ask Canham
and his board about some of their-recent
expenditures.
Letters to the Editor
Stop war recruiting
(Editor's Note: This is the text of a resolution passed recently by the
University's Econonic Society. Sixty percent of those eligible voted. The resolu-
tion passed 417 to 32.)
Environmental rhetoric
TALK IS CHEAP. And, as anyone who
attended even a few of the over 125
rallies, workshops, and panels during last
week's environmental teach-in knows,
talk is plentiful.
Too many of the dozens of politicians,
entertainers, scientists and entertainers
that participated in the five-day teach-in
relied on meaningless phrases and rusty
rhetoric.
There was a lot of talk about philoso-
phical perspectives and basic causes;
there was little mention of action and
solutions.
EOPLE FIND IT difficult to believe
that man might become as extinct
as the dinosaur. But respected scientists
report that mankind only has between
10 and 50 years before environmental de-
cay becomes irreversible.
Faced with such apocalyptic possibili-
ties, we should be taking immediate af-
firmative action to stop the poisoning of
our environment. It is getting late for
rhetoric.
This is not to say that solutions to the
problem should not be discussed. The
University's teach-in and other similar
events around the nation, on April 22
will provide this opportunity.
DESPITE WHAT some people delude
themselves into thinking, what ' is,;
needed are basic changes in the economic,
political and social structures of this
country. People have to learn that "more"
does not necessarily mean "better."
Each of us would examine our own life
styles to see what we can do to reduce
our peisonal over-consumption of the
world's resources.
Beyond our own personal lives, we
should set priorities and engage in ac-
tions that fit our own political views.
THE MORE ACTIVE among us can or-
ganize boycotts against polluter's
products, demand that dangerous items
such as the defoliant 2,4,5-T be removed
from the market and demonstrate
against industrial plants that refuse to
conform to publicly-set pollution stand-
ards.
The public should insist that political.
and industrial leaders do more than
mouth support for the environment.
-DAVE CHUDWIN
Draft, BAM, Vietnam
To the Editor:
WE SUPPORT AND URGE par-
ticipation in the March 19 Ann
Arbor demonstrations for immed-
iate withdrawal from Vietnam, re-
peal of the draft, and approval of
the Black Action Movement's de-
mands.
Lois Addison Andrew Hoffman
Peter Bear Robert Leichtner
Frithjof Bergmnn David Lightfoot
Barry Bluestone William Lockwood
Janis Bude Richard D. Mann
Walter H. Clark, Jr. R. Van der Muelen
C. L. Chua Arthur P. Mendel
Tomn Corbett Nicholaus Mills
,Joseph L. Falkson S. M. Orlow
Marvin Feheim John Raeburn
Bruce Frier William Rosenberg
James Gendin Sam B. Warner, Jr.
Stephen Goodman J. J. Webrer
Constance Goodman Dee R Wernette
John Gyr John W. Wright
David Hamilton Stephen P. Stich
Maryan 11. Hoff Ernest P. Young
David Houseman Brian Abner
William Shepherd Paul Gingrich
Clayne Pope Barry Berman
Garry Fields Giacomo Gcosta
Carol O'Clerieacain S'm's O'Clerieacain
Richard W. England Michael Manove
Seamns O'Clerieacain
March 16
-hild-care
To the Editor:
WE ATTENDED Mrs. Fleming's
Faculty Women's Club Tea yester-
day. We were cordially ushered
through plushly carpeted halls to
a bedroom where we left our coats
aside numerous minks and sables.
We had come to discuss the de-
mand for free 24-hour child-care
facilities, with the University's
supportively influential wives.
We sipped tea dispensed by one
of the, three silver tea services and
ate some of the hundreds of intri-
cately decorated crumpets. The
women were involved in "polite
chatter" or detailed descriptions of
what their husbands were doing.
These hundred or so women could
afford babysitters to free them-
selves so that they could attend
this cordial social event. How
much money was spent on this ex-
clusive tea alone which could be
used to finance child-care facili-
ties, which could then free other
women to simply make a living.
WE WANDERED into Rob-
bin Fleming's study where, ironi-
cally, we saw the child-care de-
mands sitting on a neglected pile
of memoranda.
Why should the University put
all this money into the President's
House when the money could be
used toward enrolling more blacks
and' setting up free 24-hour-child-
care facilities?
-Susan Underhill, "71
March 18
Bookchin
To the Editor:
I READ with much interest
Murray Bookchin's piece on eco-
logy and revolution (Daily, Mar.
15). It is a well constructed article
that is worthy of high praise.
There are, however, a few things
that are not quite clear to me.
Among these is the equating of
anarchy with democracy. Does not
democracy depend on consensus,
each person giving up a part of his
ideals to work towards a common
goal? Yet pure anarchy seems to
demand an unwillingness to con-
form to the ideals of others.
Anarchy depends on each in-
dividual bearing the ultimate re-
sponsibility for each and every
consequence of his actions, good
or bad. Democracy argues for
a distribution of responsibility.
These things seem to be quite
separate. It is hard for me to un-
derstand a concept of anarchy as a
pre-condition for true democracy.
The ideal of harmony with na-
ture's balance may not be quite
what it seems. Nature's balance
depends on the old order giving
way to the new. How is this ac-
complished? The mechanism of
death operates on each component
organism in the system. Yet no
creature wishes to die. Each hangs
tenaciously to life, not least the
self-aware creature we know as
man. It is hard for me to under-
stand a harmony with nature
while negating the overriding con-
cept of violence and death. Is is
not true that a greater state of
entropy will always be reached,
even though it is temporarily re-
duced or even reversed by the
phenomenon we know as life?
The concept of diversified power
sources seems to lead to the same
concept as does centralized power
centers. Wind and water-powered
devices disturb the "balance" of
looal conditions, perhaps changing
pollen dispersion patterns or
changing the flow of fungus-pro-
ducing spores, Introducing new
patterns and changing what al-
ready exists.
To be sure, we live not in a
static balance but in a stable
matrix that constantly changes
over time. At all times a balance
exists, a dynamic balance, that we,
with civilization try to stop.
-John D. Sterbenz '70
March 16
Bylaws
To the Editor:
WE WOULD LIKE to express
our support and urge other stu-
dents to support Michael Davis
in his fast for the bylaws. The
bylaws are the students' main
chance for institutionalizing their
right to real power in decision
making.
Bog Nelson Mary Livingston
Bob Grobe Kathy Morgan
Judith Cohen Larry Klen
Ken Lasser Carol Hollenshead
Mark Rosenbaum
March 17
Letters to the Editor should
be mailed to the Editorial Di-
rector or delivered to Mary
Rafferty in the Student Pub-
lications business office in the
Michigan Daily building. Let-
ters should be typed, double-
spaced and normally should not
exceed 250 words. The Editorial
Directors reserve the right to
edit all letters submitted.
AS MEMBERS of the University community and of society at large,
we are disturbed by the presence of military and military-con-
tracting corporate recruiters at the University of Michigan and the
University's continued endorsement of their activities.
Therecent appearances by recruiters from the G.E.-and Lockheed
Corporations illustrate this problem very graphically. G.E. contributes
directly to U.S. aggression in Vietnam by its production of jet engines
and other war material, and to the arms race by its production of elec-
tronic systems for the A.B.M. and M.I.RN. programs. The benefits from
militarism and U.S. intervention abroad accruing to G.E. include $1.6
billion in military contracts (1969)4 the second largest total for any
corporation.
Exploitation by G.E. domestically occurs as well: its immense size
and readiness to conspire with other electric manufacturers result in
monopolistic profits at the expense of consumers, who pay inflated
prices. G.E.'s anti-labor practices are epitomized by its "Boulwerism,"
a policy for delivering a take-it-or-leave-it wage ultimatum to its
workers instead of bargaining ingood faith.
LOCKHEED'S INTERESTS are similar: it is the largest military
contractor (over $2 billion of contracts in 1969) and is the producer of
the huge C5A transport plane, which will substantially increase the
capacity of the U.S. military to intervene abroad.
The questions raised by these examples are fundamental. Why
does the University serve and legitimize the interests of a militaristic
government and of monopolistic corporations? What kinds of social
values does the University perpetuate by doing so? Why has the Uni-
versity administration responded to the posing of these basic questions
with the use of police power instead of by critically re-examining the
University's role in society?
THE INTERESTS SERVED and the values fostered by the Uni-
versity become evident when we observe the type of activities it under-
takes. The training of military officers in ROTC programs, and the
funneling of trained manpower to defense contractors not only facili-
tates a foreign policy which suppresses the desire for social change
around the world but also increasingly jeopardizes the role of the
University as an autonomous source of social criticism.
By servicing the research and manpower needs of large, bureau-
cratic corporations, the University discourages demoncratic participation
in social institutions and contributes to the inequality of distribution
of wealth and political power.
IT IS BECAUSE of these considerations that we demand an im-
mediate end to all military and military-contracting corporate re-
cruiting at the University of Michigan campus, and a critical revalua-
tion of the University's priorities so that it may contribute more actively
to the solution of the pressing problems facing our societies, such as
war, racism, poverty and alienation.
rw
-"
,Ai
Students and
the
University in
the age of
conscience
(Editor's note: This is the second of a two-
part analysis of university education by Prof.
Arthur Mendel of the history dept. In his
first article, Prof. Mendel criticized the basic
assumptions which universities operate under.
He argued that education cannot proceed
under "the aegis of economics, the realm of
means, techniques, and rationally ordered
systems," but rather that "education is pri-
marily a political process enacted in the realm
of ends, values Judgement and choice."
By ARTHUR MNDEL
AS A COMMITMENT to conscience and
quality radically alters the contents of
education so does it change its form. And
the form of education will change even
more than the content. Destined to take an
active part in society, to make their views
heard in the determination of national
and local policies, students will acquire the
self-confidence for active citizenship
through meaningful participation in the
decisions of their universities and depart-
ments.
As to the actual process of study, it will
differ from that of the 'functionary' at all
points. Since the functionary's adult role
is to follow instructions and do the as-,
signed work, it is quite in order that he or
she sit quietly and listen to the experts
in great lecture halls. For the active citizen,
something radically different is called for:
opportunities for developing initiative, self-
confidence, and the ability to express one-
self forthrightly and lucidly; full freedom
volved and committed as reponsible, ma-
ture, young adults to activities they them-
selves have chosen, it will no longer be
necessary to hedge and harass them with
rigid lecture schedules, fixed reading lists,
examinations, deadlines and grades. It will
also no longer be necessary to make such
of individual, competitive achievement. A
willingness and even eagerness to share
experiences, to cooperate in their work,
seems to be an attribute of the new stu-
dents that, second only to social-con-
sciousness, distinguishes them most from
their predecessors.
In a sense, it is the other side of social-
consciousness, the belief that the purpose
of effort is not primarily self-aggrandize-
ment but communal welfare. Basically, this
communalism, so strange and even threat-
ening to many of the elders, is less an
ideological commitment than a simple
desire to share, to-be-with, and as such
reflects earlier changes at the deepest level
of our culture.
Sometimes this cooperation is compared
unfavorably with an alleged "individual-
ism" of the familiar system. When we re-
call again the character and the purpose
of the traditional education, we realize
that the manufacture of efficient func-
tionaries has little in common with genuine
individualism. The individual assignments,
consistent with authentic voluntary coope-
ration than is cultural humanism with
social relevance.
WITH A RICH EXPERIENCE in re-
sponsible participation, and years of free
inquiry, personally meaningful study, and
voluntary cooperation, graduates of the
new education may be able to revive our
democracy. Democracy imposes a political
avocation on all. This avocation has been
declined, its responsibilities rejected. The
ease with which our educated public has
been manipulated into accepting decisions
contrary to its interests, the seemingly un-
shakeable apathy of the "silent" (a ter-
rible confession) majority, and the com-
mon conviction among them that policy
and politics belong to leaders, experts, and
authorities, to anyone but the people them-
selves are all predictable effects of func-
tionary education. When the new students
Sleave the reformed universities they will
be anything but silent. Vita activa will
have again become, as it was in classic
times, the highest goal of citizen education.
There should be nothing surprising in
the fact that the universities are a main
battle ground for this social transforma-
tion. It is here that those who will shape
and guide our society must gain their ca-
pacities and credentials. What is at issue
in our secondary schools are offspring of
significantly different conditions. They
represent together a radically new phe-
nomenon in world history: a "democratic
aristocracy." However paradoxical, the
phrase fits the subject well. For while this
new class is democratic both in number
and in constituency, it displays attitudes,
actions and circumstances once character-
istic only of leisured elites-the benefits
of material security, a lengthy period of
early adulthood free of obligations, and,
in a manner of noblesse oblige, a sense of
obligation to those left below.
ON THE CAMPUSES of our.country, the
concern of this new class is to remodel
education to fit these new sentiments and
aims-and the social changes t;at underlie
them-and thereby to enable our univer-
sities to educate truly free men and women,
committed to humane values, determined
to make their voices heard, and self-con- q
fident euough to resist manipulation and
false-consciousness.
From a rather different perspective, one
can see in this social transformation and
emerging democratic aristocracy a class
succession as vivid and dramatic as that
through which the commercial middle class
replaced the rural aristocracy. The astoun-
ding success of the middle class in science,
corruption of culture, and the promotion
of barbaric, insane and seemingly endless
warfare. Blind progress and compulsive
technocracy are now being opposed as ve-
hemently as renaissance men once opposed
medieval stagnation and obscurantism.
The "new class," thus, is exactly the op-
posite of the managers, experts. techne-
trons, cyberneticists and other impresarios
of the "knowledge industry": All these
belong body, mind and soul to the old
world of bigger, faster, richer, stronger
more and more. The authentically "new
class" is concerned not with the technical
"how" or the commercial "how much," but
with the moral "what" and "why." Its
proper sphere is the "ought" rather than
the "is," and if it is sometimes outrageous-
ly utopian and unrealistic, it is so only
because what is now real is so often out-
rageously brutal and absurd.
IN OTHER WORDS the new class is an
intelligentsia, but one that is significantly
different from its historical predecessors.
For, historically, the intelligentsia could
only serve as ideologues for other classes,
and its characteristic claims of conscience
were always swamped either by the nar-
row economic interests of these classes
(the workers included) or by the pressures
of national economic scarcity.
sive engagement in citizen politics, both
locally and nationally.
The programs of student and faculty
activists play, therefore, a crucial role in
the vast social transformation that defines
our era. The traditional goals for which
the familiar educational system was so
well suited have been rendered obsolete
not through their failure, but through
their success. Economic, over-production,
scientific marvels, and national omnipot-
ence have been won through centuries of
single-minded commitment to material and
technical progress.
IT IS NOW overwhelmingly clear that
the very survival of mankind requires that
we stand back and re-evaluate the motiva-
tions and goals associated with this com-
pulsive maximization. Fortunately, to con-
tinue this summary of my argument, the
same processes that have forced this chal-
lenge upon us are bringing forth a genera-
tion of young men and women-the demo-
cratic aristocracy-with precisely the at-
titudes and motivations necessary for
meeting the challenge.
Our colleges and universities, finally, are
inevitably a prime focus, if not the prime
focus, of this reorientation of social pur-
pose and action. It is here that our youth
find themselves at the time they first be-
gin seriously to nonder these questions: it
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