As the Editor
Views the News ...
f ADL's Progress Report
'hat? Still There."
Jerusalem's Status
Succeeds in Many Areas
In its Fight on Bigotry
The final decision of the United Nations
Trusteeship Council, which, at its last meet-
ing in Geneva, decided to pursue the policy
arrived at by the' UN General Assembly for
the internationalization of Jerusalem, leaves
the door open for reconsideration of the en-
tire issue.
Refusal of the Trusteeship Council to
press for immediate action to enforce the in-
ternationalization proposal means one thing:
that the issue will be brought again to the
next session of the UN General Assembly.
There remains, therefore, the possibility that
the earlier decisions will be amended to co-
incide with the demands of the two nations
which presently control the two portions
of the divided Holy City—Israel and Jordan.
As a matter of fact, after the final vote of
the Trusteeship Council, its president, Roger
Garreau of France, hinted that the issue may
yet be referred back to the General As-
sembly
A statement' made to the Trusteeship
A nationwide study of the forces of reaction
and the activities of hate-mongers features the
annual report of the Anti-Defamation League
of Bnai Brith which this year was published in,
book form by Doubleday & Co. (14 W. 49th St,
New York 20). Written
by Arnold Forster, ADL
civil rights director, un-
der the title "A Measure
of Freedom," this vol-
ume reviews major areas
of progress in eliminat-
ing anti-Semitsm and
other types of discrim-
ination. Justice Meyer
Steinbrink, ADL chair-
man, wrote the intro-
duction.
The survey reveals
that, in spite of success-
ful efforts to fight bigo-
try, "over $1,000,000 was
collected by professional
bigots in a 12-month
A. Forster
period" for the work cf these propagandists:
Council by Israel's representative, Aubrey
Eban, is of prime importance. Mr. Eban
pointed out that Israel is motivated by a
duty to maintain peace and stability which,
he said, "has been restored to Jerusalem by
the energy and sacrifices of its population."
He pointed out:
The 108,000 people of Jerusalem are citi-
zens of Israel with the unchallengeable right
to remain so. Their legislative, juridical and
political institutions are inseparably bound up
with Israel. My government sustains the eco-
nomic life of the city."
Mr. Eban made a strong point of the
fact that Israel can not be disassociated
from Jerusalem and its problems.
This angle will play an important role in
all forthcoming discussions.
Having declared Jerusalem the de facto
capital of Israel and having moved most of
the departments of government to the Holy
City, Israel now is faced with the most se-
rious battle of retaining hold of Jerusalem.
Apparently a new struggle will be added
to Israel's multiple difficulties—to keep hold
of the area surrounding Jerusalem as well as
the New City itself.
At the same time, Jordan remains de-
termined not to abandon the Old City.
At the UN General Assembly session
later this year, the world organization again
will be challenged to be practical in its
handling of the Jerusalem issue. The pre-
paratory steps now being taken by Israel
are in the direction of overcoming the op-
position of the Arab-Soviet-Catholic bloc.
Needed: The Full Dollar
Henry Morgenthau, Jr. general chair-
man of the United Jewish Appeal,
'
made an
important point in a recent appeal for the
important fund for the upbuilding of Israel
and for overseas relief when he stated:
"With all the good will and sympathy
in the world, with all the austerity and
sacrifices of which human beings are cap-
able, the Jews of Israel cannot create food,
or housing, or jobs, or medicine out of thin
air. Neither can they create a dollar's
worth of anything with 50 cents. We have
been providing less than 50 cents per dol-
lar of need."
This applies to all Jews in this country,
Detroit included. If we do not provide the
full dollar, we let Israel down. If we do not
secure a sufficient number of volunteer
workers, the Allied Jewish Campaign can-
not succeed.
All of us must prepare to work for the
_ drive and to be ready to give the full dollar
we owe the great causes represented in the
Allied Jewish Campaign, including the
United Jewish Appeal.
THE JEWISH NEWS
Member: American Association of English-Jewish News-
papers. Michigan Press Association.
Published every Friday by The Jewish News Publishing
Co. 708-10 David Stott Bldg., Detroit 26, Mich., WO. 5-1155.
Subscription $3 a vear: foreign $4.
Entered as second class matter Aug. 6, 1942 at Post Office,
Detroit. Mich., under Act of March 8, 1879.
PHILIP SLOMOVITZ, Editor
SIDNEY SHMARAK. Advertising Manager
RUTH L. CASSEL, City Editor
Vol. XVII—No. 5
Page 4
April 14, 1950
Sabbath Scriptural Selections
•
This Sabbath, the twenty-eighth day of Nisan,
5710, the following Scriptural selections will be
read:
Pentateuchal portion—Lev. 9:1-11:47.
Prophetical portion—II Sam. 6:1-7:17.
On Monday and Tuesday, Rosh Chodesh Iyar,
Num. 28:1-15 will be read during morning
services.
GERMANY
Xt.,* 11441 ■ 41APOW AWE. V
The Great Campaign Begins
While pre-campaign activities have been in evidence for
the Allied Jewish Campaign for several- weeks, the official
opening of general solicitations will be marked at the public
rally at the Shaarey Zedek on Tuesday evening, when Dr.
Abba Silver will outline the objectives . of the great
campaign which includes the three agencies of the United
Jewish Appeal—United Palestine Appeal, Joint Distribution
Committee, United Service for New Americans—and more
than 50 local and national causes.
Campaign leaders have reason to feel encouraged by
the fact that, in the early stages of the drive, more than
$1,350,000 already has been raised through pre-campaign
activities. But the ultimate success of the drive depends
upon the over-all response—from the general division, the
women's, trades, juniors' and organizational groups.
Work for the Allied Jewish Campaign begins in earnest
this week. By pooling all our resources we should be in
position to assure success for the drive in record time, thus
guaranteeing the uninterrupted activities of all our agencies
and the support which is so vitally needed for the upbuild-
ing of Israel.
-
Victory for American Ideals
Adoption of the liberalized displaced persons bill, in
compliance with the views advocated by President Truman,
marks a great triumph for justice. The United States Sen-
ate has vindicated itself with its decisive action against the
McCarran proposals and in favor of the Kilgore amend-
ments which eliminate the biased elements in the 1948 DP
bin.
Credit for the great triumph in the Senate is due to
Senators Kilgore and Ferguson and to the bi-partisan group
of Democratic and Republican Senators who displayed great
courage to fight against the pressure from biased elements
to make concessions to Germans while penalizing those who
suffered at the hands of the Nazis.
While very few Jews will benefit from the new bill—
most of the survivors from Nazism having been settled in
Israel—the issue was one of justice rather than partisan-
ship, and justice has triumphed.
The citizens of Michigan no doubt are gratified to know
that Senator Vandenberg, who was absent from the Senate
during the vote on the DP bill due to illness, had instructed
Senator Saltenstall of Massachusetts to announce that in
all instances he would have voted in favor •of the liberal
proposals and against the McCarran amendments.
The courageous stand taken by Senator Lehman has
earned for him a place of unquestioned leadership in Ameri-
can statesmanship. He, together with his associates, have
earned our congratulations on the successful fight they
conducted for a • truly liberal displaced persons bill. Michi-
gan's citizens won't forget the part that was played in this
fight, on the side of fair play, by Senator Ferguson.
The Federation's New President
Samuel H. Rubiner enters upon his new role in com-
munity work, as president of the Jewish Welfare Federation,
with a good Jewish background. Having acquired a thor-
ough religious training, he continued his studies, constantly
seeking to perfect his knowledge of Jewish history. .
His acquaintance with the history of our people was
reflected in his community activities—as' head of the army
and navy projects during the war, as president of the Jewish
Community Center, as chairman of important committees
in numerous social service agencies, as a strong adherent
of the Zionist movement.
The natural leadership qualities which he developed in
the course of his numerous experiences should serve ex-
cellent purposes in the important position to which he has
just been elevated. Since the Federation deals with an all-
inclusive set-up, involving Israel, overseas relief needs, local
and national educational, health and recreational causes, his
knowledge of all these fields should serve to strengthen our
community's efforts in support of all the needs of all our
people.
Merwin K. Hart of the National Economic Council.
Hie
group received $140,000 last year, including sizable donations
from big corporations and prominent industrialists.
Gerald Smith. His Christian Nationalist Crtisade was esi.
riched by $150,000.
Gerald Winrod, Fundamentalist preacher and publisher 411
anti-Semitic periodicals. About $100,000 was received at Ws
Wichita, Kans., headquarters.
Upton Close, columnist and radio commentator, whsee
transcribed broadcasts are beamed from Mexico's border sta..
tions: $50,000.
Joseph P. Kamp, now appealing a contempt conviction fog
his refusal to disclose officers of and contributors to his Con-
stitutional Educational League; $50,000.
Allen Zoll, former fund-raiser for Hart and Kamp and
promoter of the discredited National Council for American
Education; $40,000.
Rev. Wesley Swift, "Anglo-Saxon" theologist of Los Ann
geles; $40,000.
The bulk of the hate-promoters in this
country "found the picking slim," the survey
noted. Fifty-seven anti-Semitic organizations
were active in 1949 and nine others not directly
involved in anti-Semitic -programs were con-
trolled by known anti-Semites. Highest concen-
tration was in the Midwest, 24. The Northeast.
had 18 functioning anti-Jewish groups; the
South, 16; the Far West, 8.
Most hate groups operated as politico-
economic organizations, the report said. some
posed as religious or educational movements. But
a dozen boldly publicized themselves as out-and-
out racist groups.
Except on the West Coast, where Gerald
Smith rallies often attract audiences of 2,000
and more, attendance at public anti - Semitic
meetings was shunned by the American public.
Most propagandists invested heavily in pam-
phlets and periodicals: Forty - nine regular anti-
Semitic publications were circulated last year,
the report said.
Southern offices of the Anti-Defamation
League report a disintegration of the Ku Klux
Klan. Despite the Klan's frenetic activity during
1949, the report noted that it has split into a
fragmentized movement, a handful of major
Klan units competing with each other for power.
Only in Georgia, where the county-unit sys-
tem of voting still provided it with a local
political purpose, did the Klan have any sizeable
strength, says the League. Anti-mask laws
passed by Alabama and 27 Southern communities
has robbed the Klan of its secrecy, thereby
sapping its strength.
The report points to riots in Peekskill, N.Y.,
and Chicago as indications of "an unwholesome
approach" by Americans to the menace of com-
munism. "The Chicago outburst began as a
demonstration against Negroes, took on an anti-
Communist complexion, concluded as an anti-
Semitic riot," it said. "The Peekskill disturbances
began as anti-Communist protests and spilled
over into anti-Negro and anti-Semitic demon-
strations. Whatever the sequence of group or
class hatred, the end result was an extension
on American soil—at this late date—of the
Hitler propaganda falsely equating Jews with
Communists, a scapegoating of the Negro min-
ority and a serious invasion of civil liberties.*
Other major findings of the survey includee
1. - There were fewer expressions of anti-Semitism in Corr
gress in 1949 than in the preceding year.
2. There was a complete default by Congress on civil rights
legislation pledged by both major political parties during the
last presidential campaign.
3. Although college students themselves are strongly 0P..,
Posed to quota systems, this and other discriminatory techniques
were widely prevalent among American colleges for the pur-
pose of limiting or barring applicants on the basis of race and.
religion.
4. Housing discrimination is still "shamefully- widespread,"
despite the 1949 Supreme Court ruling which outlawed enforce.
ment by the courts of racial or religious restrictive covenants.
5. Mass media in the United States, particularly radio, the
Press and the magazine field, have shown a greater awareness
of the need for publicizing human relations activities.
6. Eight states followed the lead set by New Jersey, elialts•
mated segrsgation in their state militias.
7. With the exceptions of the Professional Golfers' Asso-
ciation and the American. Bowling Congress, both of which
bar Negroes, professional sports are relatively free of racial
or religious discrimination.
Facts You Should Know . .
What is the origin of the .term "Mazer?"
"Mazel" is a common Hebrew expression
meaning "luck" according to its widespread
usage today. The term itself finds many ancient
sources where it originally was used to denote
a "planet" or a "constellation" of stars. There
are writers who claim that it dates back to the
days when men believed that a person's fortune
was determined by an astrological pattern. Wor-
ship of the stars was strenuously forbidden
among Jews. Latel-, - the term assumed its col-
loquial usage, like so many other terms, having
departed from its original connotation.