As the Editor Views the News ... f ADL's Progress Report 'hat? Still There." Jerusalem's Status Succeeds in Many Areas In its Fight on Bigotry The final decision of the United Nations Trusteeship Council, which, at its last meet- ing in Geneva, decided to pursue the policy arrived at by the' UN General Assembly for the internationalization of Jerusalem, leaves the door open for reconsideration of the en- tire issue. Refusal of the Trusteeship Council to press for immediate action to enforce the in- ternationalization proposal means one thing: that the issue will be brought again to the next session of the UN General Assembly. There remains, therefore, the possibility that the earlier decisions will be amended to co- incide with the demands of the two nations which presently control the two portions of the divided Holy City—Israel and Jordan. As a matter of fact, after the final vote of the Trusteeship Council, its president, Roger Garreau of France, hinted that the issue may yet be referred back to the General As- sembly A statement' made to the Trusteeship A nationwide study of the forces of reaction and the activities of hate-mongers features the annual report of the Anti-Defamation League of Bnai Brith which this year was published in, book form by Doubleday & Co. (14 W. 49th St, New York 20). Written by Arnold Forster, ADL civil rights director, un- der the title "A Measure of Freedom," this vol- ume reviews major areas of progress in eliminat- ing anti-Semitsm and other types of discrim- ination. Justice Meyer Steinbrink, ADL chair- man, wrote the intro- duction. The survey reveals that, in spite of success- ful efforts to fight bigo- try, "over $1,000,000 was collected by professional bigots in a 12-month A. Forster period" for the work cf these propagandists: Council by Israel's representative, Aubrey Eban, is of prime importance. Mr. Eban pointed out that Israel is motivated by a duty to maintain peace and stability which, he said, "has been restored to Jerusalem by the energy and sacrifices of its population." He pointed out: The 108,000 people of Jerusalem are citi- zens of Israel with the unchallengeable right to remain so. Their legislative, juridical and political institutions are inseparably bound up with Israel. My government sustains the eco- nomic life of the city." Mr. Eban made a strong point of the fact that Israel can not be disassociated from Jerusalem and its problems. This angle will play an important role in all forthcoming discussions. Having declared Jerusalem the de facto capital of Israel and having moved most of the departments of government to the Holy City, Israel now is faced with the most se- rious battle of retaining hold of Jerusalem. Apparently a new struggle will be added to Israel's multiple difficulties—to keep hold of the area surrounding Jerusalem as well as the New City itself. At the same time, Jordan remains de- termined not to abandon the Old City. At the UN General Assembly session later this year, the world organization again will be challenged to be practical in its handling of the Jerusalem issue. The pre- paratory steps now being taken by Israel are in the direction of overcoming the op- position of the Arab-Soviet-Catholic bloc. Needed: The Full Dollar Henry Morgenthau, Jr. general chair- man of the United Jewish Appeal, ' made an important point in a recent appeal for the important fund for the upbuilding of Israel and for overseas relief when he stated: "With all the good will and sympathy in the world, with all the austerity and sacrifices of which human beings are cap- able, the Jews of Israel cannot create food, or housing, or jobs, or medicine out of thin air. Neither can they create a dollar's worth of anything with 50 cents. We have been providing less than 50 cents per dol- lar of need." This applies to all Jews in this country, Detroit included. If we do not provide the full dollar, we let Israel down. If we do not secure a sufficient number of volunteer workers, the Allied Jewish Campaign can- not succeed. All of us must prepare to work for the _ drive and to be ready to give the full dollar we owe the great causes represented in the Allied Jewish Campaign, including the United Jewish Appeal. THE JEWISH NEWS Member: American Association of English-Jewish News- papers. Michigan Press Association. Published every Friday by The Jewish News Publishing Co. 708-10 David Stott Bldg., Detroit 26, Mich., WO. 5-1155. Subscription $3 a vear: foreign $4. Entered as second class matter Aug. 6, 1942 at Post Office, Detroit. Mich., under Act of March 8, 1879. PHILIP SLOMOVITZ, Editor SIDNEY SHMARAK. Advertising Manager RUTH L. CASSEL, City Editor Vol. XVII—No. 5 Page 4 April 14, 1950 Sabbath Scriptural Selections • This Sabbath, the twenty-eighth day of Nisan, 5710, the following Scriptural selections will be read: Pentateuchal portion—Lev. 9:1-11:47. Prophetical portion—II Sam. 6:1-7:17. On Monday and Tuesday, Rosh Chodesh Iyar, Num. 28:1-15 will be read during morning services. GERMANY Xt.,* 11441 ■ 41APOW AWE. V The Great Campaign Begins While pre-campaign activities have been in evidence for the Allied Jewish Campaign for several- weeks, the official opening of general solicitations will be marked at the public rally at the Shaarey Zedek on Tuesday evening, when Dr. Abba Silver will outline the objectives . of the great campaign which includes the three agencies of the United Jewish Appeal—United Palestine Appeal, Joint Distribution Committee, United Service for New Americans—and more than 50 local and national causes. Campaign leaders have reason to feel encouraged by the fact that, in the early stages of the drive, more than $1,350,000 already has been raised through pre-campaign activities. But the ultimate success of the drive depends upon the over-all response—from the general division, the women's, trades, juniors' and organizational groups. Work for the Allied Jewish Campaign begins in earnest this week. By pooling all our resources we should be in position to assure success for the drive in record time, thus guaranteeing the uninterrupted activities of all our agencies and the support which is so vitally needed for the upbuild- ing of Israel. - Victory for American Ideals Adoption of the liberalized displaced persons bill, in compliance with the views advocated by President Truman, marks a great triumph for justice. The United States Sen- ate has vindicated itself with its decisive action against the McCarran proposals and in favor of the Kilgore amend- ments which eliminate the biased elements in the 1948 DP bin. Credit for the great triumph in the Senate is due to Senators Kilgore and Ferguson and to the bi-partisan group of Democratic and Republican Senators who displayed great courage to fight against the pressure from biased elements to make concessions to Germans while penalizing those who suffered at the hands of the Nazis. While very few Jews will benefit from the new bill— most of the survivors from Nazism having been settled in Israel—the issue was one of justice rather than partisan- ship, and justice has triumphed. The citizens of Michigan no doubt are gratified to know that Senator Vandenberg, who was absent from the Senate during the vote on the DP bill due to illness, had instructed Senator Saltenstall of Massachusetts to announce that in all instances he would have voted in favor •of the liberal proposals and against the McCarran amendments. The courageous stand taken by Senator Lehman has earned for him a place of unquestioned leadership in Ameri- can statesmanship. He, together with his associates, have earned our congratulations on the successful fight they conducted for a • truly liberal displaced persons bill. Michi- gan's citizens won't forget the part that was played in this fight, on the side of fair play, by Senator Ferguson. The Federation's New President Samuel H. Rubiner enters upon his new role in com- munity work, as president of the Jewish Welfare Federation, with a good Jewish background. Having acquired a thor- ough religious training, he continued his studies, constantly seeking to perfect his knowledge of Jewish history. . His acquaintance with the history of our people was reflected in his community activities—as' head of the army and navy projects during the war, as president of the Jewish Community Center, as chairman of important committees in numerous social service agencies, as a strong adherent of the Zionist movement. The natural leadership qualities which he developed in the course of his numerous experiences should serve ex- cellent purposes in the important position to which he has just been elevated. Since the Federation deals with an all- inclusive set-up, involving Israel, overseas relief needs, local and national educational, health and recreational causes, his knowledge of all these fields should serve to strengthen our community's efforts in support of all the needs of all our people. Merwin K. Hart of the National Economic Council. Hie group received $140,000 last year, including sizable donations from big corporations and prominent industrialists. Gerald Smith. His Christian Nationalist Crtisade was esi. riched by $150,000. Gerald Winrod, Fundamentalist preacher and publisher 411 anti-Semitic periodicals. About $100,000 was received at Ws Wichita, Kans., headquarters. Upton Close, columnist and radio commentator, whsee transcribed broadcasts are beamed from Mexico's border sta.. tions: $50,000. Joseph P. Kamp, now appealing a contempt conviction fog his refusal to disclose officers of and contributors to his Con- stitutional Educational League; $50,000. Allen Zoll, former fund-raiser for Hart and Kamp and promoter of the discredited National Council for American Education; $40,000. Rev. Wesley Swift, "Anglo-Saxon" theologist of Los Ann geles; $40,000. The bulk of the hate-promoters in this country "found the picking slim," the survey noted. Fifty-seven anti-Semitic organizations were active in 1949 and nine others not directly involved in anti-Semitic -programs were con- trolled by known anti-Semites. Highest concen- tration was in the Midwest, 24. The Northeast. had 18 functioning anti-Jewish groups; the South, 16; the Far West, 8. Most hate groups operated as politico- economic organizations, the report said. some posed as religious or educational movements. But a dozen boldly publicized themselves as out-and- out racist groups. Except on the West Coast, where Gerald Smith rallies often attract audiences of 2,000 and more, attendance at public anti - Semitic meetings was shunned by the American public. Most propagandists invested heavily in pam- phlets and periodicals: Forty - nine regular anti- Semitic publications were circulated last year, the report said. Southern offices of the Anti-Defamation League report a disintegration of the Ku Klux Klan. Despite the Klan's frenetic activity during 1949, the report noted that it has split into a fragmentized movement, a handful of major Klan units competing with each other for power. Only in Georgia, where the county-unit sys- tem of voting still provided it with a local political purpose, did the Klan have any sizeable strength, says the League. Anti-mask laws passed by Alabama and 27 Southern communities has robbed the Klan of its secrecy, thereby sapping its strength. The report points to riots in Peekskill, N.Y., and Chicago as indications of "an unwholesome approach" by Americans to the menace of com- munism. "The Chicago outburst began as a demonstration against Negroes, took on an anti- Communist complexion, concluded as an anti- Semitic riot," it said. "The Peekskill disturbances began as anti-Communist protests and spilled over into anti-Negro and anti-Semitic demon- strations. Whatever the sequence of group or class hatred, the end result was an extension on American soil—at this late date—of the Hitler propaganda falsely equating Jews with Communists, a scapegoating of the Negro min- ority and a serious invasion of civil liberties.* Other major findings of the survey includee 1. - There were fewer expressions of anti-Semitism in Corr gress in 1949 than in the preceding year. 2. There was a complete default by Congress on civil rights legislation pledged by both major political parties during the last presidential campaign. 3. Although college students themselves are strongly 0P.., Posed to quota systems, this and other discriminatory techniques were widely prevalent among American colleges for the pur- pose of limiting or barring applicants on the basis of race and. religion. 4. Housing discrimination is still "shamefully- widespread," despite the 1949 Supreme Court ruling which outlawed enforce. ment by the courts of racial or religious restrictive covenants. 5. Mass media in the United States, particularly radio, the Press and the magazine field, have shown a greater awareness of the need for publicizing human relations activities. 6. Eight states followed the lead set by New Jersey, elialts• mated segrsgation in their state militias. 7. With the exceptions of the Professional Golfers' Asso- ciation and the American. Bowling Congress, both of which bar Negroes, professional sports are relatively free of racial or religious discrimination. Facts You Should Know . . What is the origin of the .term "Mazer?" "Mazel" is a common Hebrew expression meaning "luck" according to its widespread usage today. The term itself finds many ancient sources where it originally was used to denote a "planet" or a "constellation" of stars. There are writers who claim that it dates back to the days when men believed that a person's fortune was determined by an astrological pattern. Wor- ship of the stars was strenuously forbidden among Jews. Latel-, - the term assumed its col- loquial usage, like so many other terms, having departed from its original connotation.