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'THE DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE
MICHIGAN'S JEWISH HOME PUBLICATION
VOL VII. Noo. 8.
DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1920.
Per Year, $3.00; Copy, 10 Cents
COMPOSED MUSIC FOR MAETER-
RABBI TEITLEBAUM JEWISH POPULATION
OF THE WORLD
LINCK'S BLUE BIRD WHILE AVIATOR MORGENTHAU FILES PERSONAL
REPORTS URGENT LONDON-The
REPORT ON POLISH POGROMS;
PALESTINE NEED
BLAMES TROOPS FOR OrtRAGEN
---
Presents Detailed Account of
Struggle Against Disease, Poor
Food, Shelter and Clothing-
War Cut Off Aid.
CENTRAL RELIEF ALLOTS
J. D. C. ANOTHER MILLION
Establish Soup Kitchens, Homes
for Aged and Orphans, Clinics
-distribute Clothing-Support
Schools, Free Loans.
Jewish population
of the world is 15,430,000, according
to David Trietsch, the widely known
Jewish statistician. Poland and the
Ukraine each have 3,300,000, Ode
there are 3,100,000 in ' the United
States, 900,000 in Russia and 300,000
in the British Isles.
Poland
1300,000
Ukraine
3 300,000
United States
3101,(00
Russia (including Siberia)... 900,000
Rumania
650,1)00
Germany
54)1,000
Hungary
450,000
Czecko-Slovakia
450,000
British Isles
300,000
Austria
300,000
Lithuania
250,000
Jugo-Slavia
200,000
Africa (excluding Morocco,
Tunis and Algeria).
170,000
France
150,000
Algeria and Tunis
150.000
Arabia
130,000
Greece
120,000
Holland
110,000
Morocco
110,000
Argentine
100,000
Canada
100,000
Turkey
100,000
l'alestine
100,000
Australasia
20,000
European countries (not sep-
arately enumerated)
200,000
Asiatic countries (not sep-
arately enumerated)
100,000
American countries (not sep-
arately enumerated)
30,000
Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum, who recently
returned from Palestine where he served
as the representative of the Joint Distri-
bution Committee, has just submitted his
complete report of the work there, pre-
senting a detailed picture of the relief
situation as it exists at the present time
and of the urgent needs that are still
to be met. He declares that the needs
of the people are still enormous; typhus,
cholera and other diseases prevail among
them, hundreds of orphans of refugees
are in need of permanent homes, people
are in rags and appeal for clothing and
many thousands are without means of
livelihood and live by the food doled out
by various charitable agencies. Most
serious of all is the need for sound in-
dustrial reconstruction, the establishment
in business of the many now vainly seek-
ing aid in this direction, the establish-
ment of industries that might employ
the idle workers there. the organization
of enterprises that will gradually make
Palestine economically self-sufficient.
War Cuts Off Aid.
Numerous efforts have Leen inaugur- "2000 Members" to Mark Goal of
ated to meet these needs, efforts that,
Committee Headed by Mrs.
before the war, were supported through
Louis Simon-Plan to Enroll
the contributions of American and Eli.
Non-Resident Members.
ropean Jews. The Jews in Palestine
have long been dependent on such out-
side aid; many of them are old people.
An energetic and enthusiastic cam-
who came to Jerusalem to die, and have paign that aims at swelling the mem-
110 means of support; many are sick, bership list of the Jewish Woman's
many are unable to make a living be- Club to the 2.000 marks, and which
cause of the discrimination iu industry will be waged in Detroit and other
practiced against them in the past under towns in Michigan, was mapped out
the Turkish regime. But, with the corn- at the first meeting of the M e m be r -
ing of war and the consepuent cutting ship Committee held Wednesday,
off of support from American and Eu- January 14, at the organization's
ropean contributors, came also a tre- beautiful new club-house, 45 Rowena
mendous increase in need. Students, Street.
Mrs. Louis Simon, who heads the
wealthy couples and others who had been
receiving regular remittances from their Membership Committee, in her ad-
families in Europe, suddenly found dress, cited the manifold advantages
themselves cut off. The families of gained from membership in one of
Jewish soldiers conscripted into the the largest and most influential bodies
Turkish armies were left helpless of Jewish women in the country.
Refugees, fleeing before the ruthless de- The opportunities for service, Mrs.
crees of the Turks, faced starvation and Simon pointed out, in its educational
disease. Industry, such as it had been, and philanthropic work, which in-
cludes in its broad scope, the better-
became stagnant.
Local institutions, formerly supported ing of living conditions and the im-
by foreign collections, through the provement of the environment of the
"Ilaluka" system, were in danger of Jewish women employes of Detroit,
closing because of lack of support. Local the creating of scholarship funds for
organizations, soup kitchens, orphan asy- Jewish girls, the maintaining of penny
lums and trade schools were threatened lunch counters in the Detroit Public
Schools, and in the many other activi-
w ith destruction.
The Joint Distribution Committee ties of the Jewish Woman's Club
shares the task of helping Palestinian which aim toward the physical bet-
Jewry in connection with the subvention terment, and the educational and
spiritual uplift of Jewish women. Jew-
system of the Zionist Relief Commis-
ish women of Detroit, as well as of
sion.
any other city in Michigan are elig-
Establish Soup Kitchens.
Two of the important agencies for the ible to membership. While the names
of smarty 1,000 representative Jewish
relief of the poor in Jerusalem are the
women appears on the roster, it is
Dreyfus Soup Kitchen and the Straus
hoped to double that number before
Soup Kitchen, which together, furnish
the campaign is ended. Those who
meals of soup and bread to the Jewish
desire to become members are re-
poor throughout the city. The Dreyfus
quested to fill out the blank appear-
Soup Kitchen, established by Miss
ing elsewhere in the paper, and to
Tcressa Dreyfus in April, 1915, distri-
mail it, together with $2.00, to 'Mrs.
buted, during the three months from
Louis Simon, 128 McLean avenue,
June to September 42,631 meals of
highland Park.
bread and 43,687 meals of soup to school
Club House to be Dedicated.
children, 73,479 meals of bread and soup,
The announcement of the formal
and 12,610 meals of soup alone to poor
families and to refugees, and 17,665 kilo- dedication of the new Club House of
grams of flour to 925 poor families, in- the Jewish Woman's Cl u b, at 45
cluding students, widows, orphans, Rowena street, for Sunday, February
workingmen, shop-keepers and refugees. I, marks the culmination of many
In addition to these distributions, the years of noble and unselfish effort
kitchen also distributed, during the and devotion of the Jewish women of
months of July and August 1,428 cups Detroit.
The purchase recently of the beau-
of milk to 53 confined women and other
patients in need of special diet. The tiful James R. Holden home on
Straus Soup Kitchen renders similar Rowena street made possible through
service to the poor of the city, and dur- the gift of an individual and through
ing the month of September alone dis- the release of $40,000 out of funds
held by the Detroit Patriotic Fund
tributed food to 3,753 persons.
of money appropriated for Jewish
To the work of these two agencies
Welfare Work and which, since the
the Joint Distribution Committee contri-
cessation of hostilities, is being de-
butes ;1 special allowance of $4,000 a
voted to peace-time communal pur-
piece monthly, and, in order to coordin-
poses, made possible the realization
ate their work and prevent overlapping,
of a dream of many years.
has arranged for the establishment of a
The Club building is a spacious
Soup Kitchen Committee, consisting of
three-story structure tastefully fur-
seven persons representing the different nished with all modern conveniences
districts of the city, which supervises and is situated within walking dis-
the work of both kitchens, definitely as- tance of the downtown districts. It
signs a district of service to each, and is the intention of the Jewish Wo-
exercises general control. A special man's Club to make the house serve
investigator has also been secured. being not only as a congenial home for
well acquainted with the population of Jewish girls, employed, without home
Jerusalem, is of service ion controlling affiliations in the city, who seek the
this phase of the work.
! atmosphere of Jewish companionship,
At the last meeting of the Executive but also as a center for all of its
Committee of the Joint Distribution ' educational and social activities.
Committee it appropriated $24.000 as a
An educational program, tentative-
three months allowance for these ly adopted, includes classes in Jew-
kitchens.
ish History, English Literature,
Constructive Relief.
Dramatic Art, French, Spanish, Art,
Manifold relief services, conducted by Music, Domestic Science, Dressmak-
bical relief agencies under the supervi- ing, Millinery, Stenography, and
sion of the Zionist Relief Commission, other subjects for which there may
tend to alleviate the want of the people. he a demand. In addition to the
Shelter homes, homes for the aged, aid educational program, the Club will
stations giving actual allowances to the arrange a series of musicals and en-
known poor, trade schools and shops, tertainments in which all may parti-
and clothing distributions have been es- cipate.
tablished throughout the country and,
While several Jewish women of the
through the Zionist Relief Commission, city are already residing in the new I
receive the funds whereby they exist home, there is still room for a few
Moreover, definite constructive relief, others. Applications may be sent
JEWISH WOMAN'S CLUB
TO LAUNCH WHIRLWIND
MEMBERSHIP CAMPAIGN
4
(Continued On Page 4.)
(Continued On Page 4.)
Says Excesses Not Premeditated-Jews Regarded
as Aliens
-Economic Boycott Employed to Strangle Them-Mini-
mizes Number Killed-Finds No Basis for Charges of
Bolshevism.
URGES LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO SEND
COMMISSION TO EFFECT HARMONY
Gen. Jadwin's Report Previously Filed Says 29,000 Jews
Killed in South Europe-Eye Witness of Pogrom in Kiev
Scores Lack of Concern Shown by Polish and Ukrainian
High Commands.
ALBERT WOLFF.
The Metropolitan Opera House has engaged as its conductor of French
Opera this season, Albert Wolf, who comes here zeith as unusual reputation, as
composer as well as conductor. His "L'Oiseau Bleu," based on Maeterlinck's
"Blue Bird," was heard at the Metropolitan recently. Maeterlinck attended the
per f ormance.
Albert Wolff was born January 19, 1886. In 1890 he entered the ,Vational
Conservatory of Paris to study COM1, 031,100, beC00101g a pupil of Leroux, Vidal
and Gedalge. In 1904 he married Mlle. Fanny David, a well-known lyric artist.
From 1904-1906 to earn his livelihood, in turn he taught, coached and played
Piano and organ, and later he becante second chief d'orchestre at the Concerts
Rouge. Ile also, through Leroux, was appointed a professor at the Conserva-
tory, Shortly afterwards he was named head of the orchestra of the Circle
International of Ciehy, Under Albert Carre, he conducted performances of
opera throughout France, and in 1909 he made his debut at the Opera Contique
in "La Iota" by Laparra. Ills success war of such an order that he was chosen
to conduct the representations which the Opera Comique gave in Buenos Ayres
during the summer of 1911. Then followed four seasons at the Opera Comique,
which were brought to an end by his entrance into the lour.
Gallant service in the scar, which Wall him promotion to Sub.lienrenant, kept
him until February, 1919, Upon his release he Isar immediately reinstated in the
Opera COM ique.
NINE MILLIONS RAISED HUNDREDS ATTEND MENS
TEMPLE CLUB "GET-TO-
FOR SUFFERING JEWS
IN EASTERN EUROPE GETHER" RALLY FRIDAY
---
Jew and Gentile Join to Aid First Entertainment of Rapidly
Growing Organization Proves
6,000,000 Starving Jews in
Huge Success-Sprightly Pro-
War-Ridden Europe-Creed is
grams to be Arranged Monthly.
Forgotten in Work of Mercy.
NEW YORK-The remarkable
way in which the country has re-
sponded to the cry for relief from
the 6,000,000 starving Jewish people
of Eastern Europe, is shown in a re-
port made public by Henry H. Rosen.
felt, director of the American Jewish
Relief Committeee, which has com-
pleted campaigns in about half of the
States in the Union.
For the first time in the history of
the Jewish race, Jew and Gentile
worked side by side this year to
alleviate the intense suffering of mil-
lions of Jews throughout Eastern
Europe. American Jewry had borne
alone the heavy burden of caring for
their suffering kinsmen in the Eastern
war zone throughout the four years
of war, but with the signing of the
armistice, the terrible condition of
Eastern European Jews disclosed
proved too herculean a task for the
Jews of this country to attempt to
carry alone.
Jew and Gentile Join.
So Gentile joined with Je w' and the
gratifying results of this most radi-
cal departure front Jewish traditions,
is shown by a comparison of this
year's and the 1918 campaign.
During 1918, slightly over $9,000,-
000 was raised throughout the coun-
try according to Mr. Rosenfelt. So
far this year, with but half of the
state campaigns held. $11,266,385 has
been raised. The new policy of the
American Jewish Relief Committee
in waging their campaigns irrespec-
tive of race or creed, has brought in
over $2,000,000 more this year, than
the entire country produced in 1918.
"The outstanding feature of these
campaigns has been the whole-
hearted co-operation of people of
every creed," declared Mr. Rosenfelt.
"Non-Jews everywhere have not only
contributed generously but have
taken active part in the organization
of the drives and have given, without
stint, of their time and effort.
(Continued On Page 4.)
Differing greatly in form front any
other social event in the annals of
Temple Beth El, and by that token
surpassing in surprises and genuine
enjoyment all former successes, the
first great "Get-Together" !fleeting
of the Men's Temple Club, which took
the form of a dinner and entertain-
ment at the Temple, Friday evening,
January 16, marked an epoch in the
history of that virile and progressive
organization.
Prayer Launches Meeting.
Beginning with the reading of the
Sabbath Evening Prayer by Rabbi
Leo M. Franklin, to the echo of the
last humorous parody sung by the
ensemble, the evening will long re-
main a joyful memory with the two
hundred members who attended the
first rally of a club, that organized
but a few months ago has shown a
remarkable capacity for growth. The
names of the hundreds of men on the
roster of membership, the enthusiasm
and interest manifest at all of its
meetings, the steadiness and rapidity
with which the aims of the organiza-
tion are being furthered, all speak
well for the future of the Men's Tem-
ple Club.
As the men gathered together Fri-
day evening at 6 o'clock at the Tem-
ple, each was handed a membership
card, which proved the open sesame
to an evening of unalloyed pleasure.
Those members who for various rea-
sons were not present at the dinner
will receive their cards through the
mails. A social half-hour in the
vestry-rooms followed which served
to 'break the ice' and establish on
terms of good fellowship all the
guests present.
Lack of Formality.
There was a distinct lack of for-
mality in all the proceedings. Men,
flourishing their membership cards,
insisted on being introduced to all
their brother members. When their
insistence met with no rapid response
(Continued On Page 10.1
Washington.-Pressing
necessity
for the restablishment of normal con-
ditions in Poland is emphasized by
the report of henry Morgenthau,
former Ambassador to Turkey, who
was a member of the American com-
mission which was sent to investigate
conditions in Poland. Associated
with Mr. Morgenthau were Brigadier
Gen. Edgar Jadwin and Homer H.
Johnson. General Jadwin made a re-
port in regard to the allegations of
Pogroms.
Last week, General Jadwin, filed
his individual report on conditions in
Poland and South Russia. The Gen-
eral's report differs in many respects
from that of Mr. Morgenthau. Where
the latter minimizes the number of
those killed by excesses of the vol-
unteer armies General Jadwin 'says
that from authentic figures received
by him from reliable sources at least
29,000 were slaughtered. No con-
cern was shown by the officers of
the Polish or Ukrainian armies at
these massacres but they were taken
very much as a matter of course, and
when any particular protest was
made, those- presenting themselves
to the High Command generally met
with coldness if nut downright re-
buff.
Mr. Morgenthau in his report rec-
ommended that the League of
Nations or the principal world pow-
ers should send to Poland industrial
and economical experts to rehabili-
tate that country. Mr. Morgenthau's
report says:
AMERICAN COMMISSION TO
NEGOTIATE PEACE MIS-
SION TO POLAND.
Paris, Oct. 3, 1919.
To the American Commission to Ne-
gotiate l'eace:
Gentlemen:
1. A Mission consisting of Mr.
Henry Morgenthau, Brigadier Gen-
eral Edgar Jadwin, and Mr. Homer
H. Johnson was appointed by the
American Commission to Negotiate
l'eace to investigate Jewish matters
in Poland. The appointment of such
a Mission had previously been re-
quested by Mr. Paderewski, Presi-
dent of the Council of Ministers of
the Republic of Poland. On June 30,
1919, Secretary Lansing wrote to
this mission:
"It is desired that the Mission
make careful inquiry into all matters
affecting the relations between the
Jewish and non-Jewish elements in
Poland. This will, of course, involve
the investigation of the various
massacres, pogroms and other ex-
cesses alleged to have taken place
the economic boycott and other
methods of discrimination against
the Jewish race. The establishment
of the truth in regard to these mat-
ters is not, however, an end in it-
self. It is merely for the purpose of
seeking to discover the reason lying
behind such excesses and discrimina-
tion with a view to finding a possible
remedy. The American Government,
as you know, is inspired by a friend-
ly desire to render service to all ele-
ments in the new' Poland, Christians
and Jews alike. I am convinced that
any measure that may be taken to
ameliorate the conditions of the Jew's
will also benefit the rest of the pop-
ulation, and that conversely, any-
thing done for the community bene-
fit of Poland as a whole will be of
advantage to the Jewish race. I am
sure that the members of your 'Mis-
sion are approaching the subject in
the right spirit, free from prejudice
one way or the other, and filled with
a desire to discover the truth and
evolve some constructive measure to
improve the situation which gives
concern to all the friends of Poland."
Mission Two Months in Poland.
JEWISH WOMAN'S CLUB
OF DETROIT
I hereby make application for membership to the
Jewish Woman's Club and enclose two dollars for cur-
rent year.
Name
Address
Please make application blank, properly signed, with
$2.00, to Mrs. Louis Simon, 128 McLean Avenue, High-
land Park, Mich.
2. The Mission readied Warsaw
on July 13, 1919, and remained in Po-
All the
land until Sept. 13, 1919.
places where the principal excesses
had occurred were visited. In addi-
tion thereto. the Mission also studied
the economic and social conditions.
In such places as Lodz, Krakau,
Grodno, Posen, Chelm, Lubin, and
Stanislawow. By automobiling over
2,500 miles through Russian, Aus-
trian, and German Poland the Mis-
sion also came into immediate con-
tact with the inhabitants of the small
towns and villages. In order prop-
erly to appreciate the present cultur-
al and social conditions, the Mission
also visited educational institutions,
libraries, hospitals, museums, art gal-
leries, orphan asylums, and prisons.
3. Investigations of the excesses
were made mostly in the presence of
representatives of the Polish Govern-
ment and of the Jewish communities.
There were also present in many
cases Military and civil officials, and
wherever possible officials in com-
mand at the time the excesses oc-
curred were conferred with and in-
terrogated. In this work the Poland
authorities and the American Min-
ister to Poland, Mr. Hugh Gibson,
lent the Mission every facility. De-
putations of all kinds of organiza-
tions were received and interviewed.
A large number of public meetings
and gatherings were attended, and
the Mission endeavored to obtain a
correct impression of what had oc-
curred, of the present mental state
of the public, and of the attitude of
the various factions toward one an-
other.
Poland, A Refute.
4. The Jews entered Poland in
large numbers (luring the twelfth and
thirteenth centuries, when they mi-
grated from Germany and other
countries as the result of severe per-
secutions. Their language was Ger-
man, which subsequently developed
into a Hebrew-German dialect, of
Yiddish. As prior to this immigra-
tion only two classes or estates had
existed in Poland (the owners and
the tillers of the soil) the Jewish im-
migrant became the pioneer of trade
and finance, settling in the towns and
villages. As time went on it became
generally known throughout Europe
that Poland was a place of refuge for
the Jews, and their numbers were
augmented as the result of persecu-
tions in Western Europe. Still more
recently as a result of the expulsion
of the Jews from Russia on account
of the enforcement of the Pale of
Settlement and of the May laws of
11182, their number was further in-
creased.
5. Notwithstanding the fact that
Poland has been a place of refuge for
the Jews, there have been anti-Jew-
ish movements at various times. The
present anti-sernitic feeling took a
definite form after the Russian revo-
lution of 1905. This feeling reached
an intense stage in 1912, when the
Polish National Democratic Party
nominated an anti-Semite to repre-
sent Warsaw in the Russian Duma
and the Jews cast their vote for the
Polish Socialist and carried the elec-
tion. The National Democratic Party
then commenced a vigorous anti-
Semitic campaign. During the Ger-
man occupation this campaign was
temporarily reduced. At the end of
the great war the chaotic and unna-
tural state of affairs in which Poland
found itself, gave good ground for
a condition of social unrest, which
together with the world stimulated
tendency toward
national self-de-
termination, accentuated the feeling
between Jewish and non-Jewish ele-
ments.
The chauvinistic reaction
created by the sudden acquisition of
a long coveted freedom ripened the
public mind for anti-Semitic or anti-
alien sentiment, which was strongly
agitated by the press and by poli-
ticians.
This
finally
encouraged
physical manifestations or violent
outcroppings of an unbalanced social
conditions.
6. When in November, 1918, the
Austrian and German armies of oc-
cupation left Poland there was no
firm government until the arrival of
General l'ilsudski, who had escaped
from a German prison, and it was
during this period, before the Polish
Republic came into being, that the
first of the excesses took place. The
use of the word "pogrom" hat pur-
posely been avoided, as the word is
applied to everything from petty out-
rages to premeditated and carefully
organized massacres. No fixed defi-
nition is generally understood. There
were eight principal excesses, which
are here described in chronological
order:
I. Kielce, Nov., 11, 1918.
Shortly after the evacuation of the
Austrian troops from Kielce, the
Jew's of this city secured permission
from the local authorities to hold a
meeting in the Polski Theater. The
purpose of the meeting was to dis-
cuss Jewish national aspiration. It
began shortly before 2 o'clock and
filled the theater to overflowing.
During the afternoon a small crowd
of Polish civilians largely composed
of students gathered outside of the
theater. At 6:30 I'. M. the meeting
began to break up, and when only
about 300 people remained in the
theater, some militiamen entered and
began to search for arms. A short
while thereafter and while the militia-
men were still in the building, a
crowd of civilians and some soldiers
came into the auditorium and drove
the Jews toward the stairs. On the
stairs there was a double line of men
armed with clubs and bayonets, who
(Continued On Page 5.1