4111111lMlleee•. '-1 ' 'THE DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE MICHIGAN'S JEWISH HOME PUBLICATION VOL VII. Noo. 8. DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1920. Per Year, $3.00; Copy, 10 Cents COMPOSED MUSIC FOR MAETER- RABBI TEITLEBAUM JEWISH POPULATION OF THE WORLD LINCK'S BLUE BIRD WHILE AVIATOR MORGENTHAU FILES PERSONAL REPORTS URGENT LONDON-The REPORT ON POLISH POGROMS; PALESTINE NEED BLAMES TROOPS FOR OrtRAGEN --- Presents Detailed Account of Struggle Against Disease, Poor Food, Shelter and Clothing- War Cut Off Aid. CENTRAL RELIEF ALLOTS J. D. C. ANOTHER MILLION Establish Soup Kitchens, Homes for Aged and Orphans, Clinics -distribute Clothing-Support Schools, Free Loans. Jewish population of the world is 15,430,000, according to David Trietsch, the widely known Jewish statistician. Poland and the Ukraine each have 3,300,000, Ode there are 3,100,000 in ' the United States, 900,000 in Russia and 300,000 in the British Isles. Poland 1300,000 Ukraine 3 300,000 United States 3101,(00 Russia (including Siberia)... 900,000 Rumania 650,1)00 Germany 54)1,000 Hungary 450,000 Czecko-Slovakia 450,000 British Isles 300,000 Austria 300,000 Lithuania 250,000 Jugo-Slavia 200,000 Africa (excluding Morocco, Tunis and Algeria). 170,000 France 150,000 Algeria and Tunis 150.000 Arabia 130,000 Greece 120,000 Holland 110,000 Morocco 110,000 Argentine 100,000 Canada 100,000 Turkey 100,000 l'alestine 100,000 Australasia 20,000 European countries (not sep- arately enumerated) 200,000 Asiatic countries (not sep- arately enumerated) 100,000 American countries (not sep- arately enumerated) 30,000 Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum, who recently returned from Palestine where he served as the representative of the Joint Distri- bution Committee, has just submitted his complete report of the work there, pre- senting a detailed picture of the relief situation as it exists at the present time and of the urgent needs that are still to be met. He declares that the needs of the people are still enormous; typhus, cholera and other diseases prevail among them, hundreds of orphans of refugees are in need of permanent homes, people are in rags and appeal for clothing and many thousands are without means of livelihood and live by the food doled out by various charitable agencies. Most serious of all is the need for sound in- dustrial reconstruction, the establishment in business of the many now vainly seek- ing aid in this direction, the establish- ment of industries that might employ the idle workers there. the organization of enterprises that will gradually make Palestine economically self-sufficient. War Cuts Off Aid. Numerous efforts have Leen inaugur- "2000 Members" to Mark Goal of ated to meet these needs, efforts that, Committee Headed by Mrs. before the war, were supported through Louis Simon-Plan to Enroll the contributions of American and Eli. Non-Resident Members. ropean Jews. The Jews in Palestine have long been dependent on such out- side aid; many of them are old people. An energetic and enthusiastic cam- who came to Jerusalem to die, and have paign that aims at swelling the mem- 110 means of support; many are sick, bership list of the Jewish Woman's many are unable to make a living be- Club to the 2.000 marks, and which cause of the discrimination iu industry will be waged in Detroit and other practiced against them in the past under towns in Michigan, was mapped out the Turkish regime. But, with the corn- at the first meeting of the M e m be r - ing of war and the consepuent cutting ship Committee held Wednesday, off of support from American and Eu- January 14, at the organization's ropean contributors, came also a tre- beautiful new club-house, 45 Rowena mendous increase in need. Students, Street. Mrs. Louis Simon, who heads the wealthy couples and others who had been receiving regular remittances from their Membership Committee, in her ad- families in Europe, suddenly found dress, cited the manifold advantages themselves cut off. The families of gained from membership in one of Jewish soldiers conscripted into the the largest and most influential bodies Turkish armies were left helpless of Jewish women in the country. Refugees, fleeing before the ruthless de- The opportunities for service, Mrs. crees of the Turks, faced starvation and Simon pointed out, in its educational disease. Industry, such as it had been, and philanthropic work, which in- cludes in its broad scope, the better- became stagnant. Local institutions, formerly supported ing of living conditions and the im- by foreign collections, through the provement of the environment of the "Ilaluka" system, were in danger of Jewish women employes of Detroit, closing because of lack of support. Local the creating of scholarship funds for organizations, soup kitchens, orphan asy- Jewish girls, the maintaining of penny lums and trade schools were threatened lunch counters in the Detroit Public Schools, and in the many other activi- w ith destruction. The Joint Distribution Committee ties of the Jewish Woman's Club shares the task of helping Palestinian which aim toward the physical bet- Jewry in connection with the subvention terment, and the educational and spiritual uplift of Jewish women. Jew- system of the Zionist Relief Commis- ish women of Detroit, as well as of sion. any other city in Michigan are elig- Establish Soup Kitchens. Two of the important agencies for the ible to membership. While the names of smarty 1,000 representative Jewish relief of the poor in Jerusalem are the women appears on the roster, it is Dreyfus Soup Kitchen and the Straus hoped to double that number before Soup Kitchen, which together, furnish the campaign is ended. Those who meals of soup and bread to the Jewish desire to become members are re- poor throughout the city. The Dreyfus quested to fill out the blank appear- Soup Kitchen, established by Miss ing elsewhere in the paper, and to Tcressa Dreyfus in April, 1915, distri- mail it, together with $2.00, to 'Mrs. buted, during the three months from Louis Simon, 128 McLean avenue, June to September 42,631 meals of highland Park. bread and 43,687 meals of soup to school Club House to be Dedicated. children, 73,479 meals of bread and soup, The announcement of the formal and 12,610 meals of soup alone to poor families and to refugees, and 17,665 kilo- dedication of the new Club House of grams of flour to 925 poor families, in- the Jewish Woman's Cl u b, at 45 cluding students, widows, orphans, Rowena street, for Sunday, February workingmen, shop-keepers and refugees. I, marks the culmination of many In addition to these distributions, the years of noble and unselfish effort kitchen also distributed, during the and devotion of the Jewish women of months of July and August 1,428 cups Detroit. The purchase recently of the beau- of milk to 53 confined women and other patients in need of special diet. The tiful James R. Holden home on Straus Soup Kitchen renders similar Rowena street made possible through service to the poor of the city, and dur- the gift of an individual and through ing the month of September alone dis- the release of $40,000 out of funds held by the Detroit Patriotic Fund tributed food to 3,753 persons. of money appropriated for Jewish To the work of these two agencies Welfare Work and which, since the the Joint Distribution Committee contri- cessation of hostilities, is being de- butes ;1 special allowance of $4,000 a voted to peace-time communal pur- piece monthly, and, in order to coordin- poses, made possible the realization ate their work and prevent overlapping, of a dream of many years. has arranged for the establishment of a The Club building is a spacious Soup Kitchen Committee, consisting of three-story structure tastefully fur- seven persons representing the different nished with all modern conveniences districts of the city, which supervises and is situated within walking dis- the work of both kitchens, definitely as- tance of the downtown districts. It signs a district of service to each, and is the intention of the Jewish Wo- exercises general control. A special man's Club to make the house serve investigator has also been secured. being not only as a congenial home for well acquainted with the population of Jewish girls, employed, without home Jerusalem, is of service ion controlling affiliations in the city, who seek the this phase of the work. ! atmosphere of Jewish companionship, At the last meeting of the Executive but also as a center for all of its Committee of the Joint Distribution ' educational and social activities. Committee it appropriated $24.000 as a An educational program, tentative- three months allowance for these ly adopted, includes classes in Jew- kitchens. ish History, English Literature, Constructive Relief. Dramatic Art, French, Spanish, Art, Manifold relief services, conducted by Music, Domestic Science, Dressmak- bical relief agencies under the supervi- ing, Millinery, Stenography, and sion of the Zionist Relief Commission, other subjects for which there may tend to alleviate the want of the people. he a demand. In addition to the Shelter homes, homes for the aged, aid educational program, the Club will stations giving actual allowances to the arrange a series of musicals and en- known poor, trade schools and shops, tertainments in which all may parti- and clothing distributions have been es- cipate. tablished throughout the country and, While several Jewish women of the through the Zionist Relief Commission, city are already residing in the new I receive the funds whereby they exist home, there is still room for a few Moreover, definite constructive relief, others. Applications may be sent JEWISH WOMAN'S CLUB TO LAUNCH WHIRLWIND MEMBERSHIP CAMPAIGN 4 (Continued On Page 4.) (Continued On Page 4.) Says Excesses Not Premeditated-Jews Regarded as Aliens -Economic Boycott Employed to Strangle Them-Mini- mizes Number Killed-Finds No Basis for Charges of Bolshevism. URGES LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO SEND COMMISSION TO EFFECT HARMONY Gen. Jadwin's Report Previously Filed Says 29,000 Jews Killed in South Europe-Eye Witness of Pogrom in Kiev Scores Lack of Concern Shown by Polish and Ukrainian High Commands. ALBERT WOLFF. The Metropolitan Opera House has engaged as its conductor of French Opera this season, Albert Wolf, who comes here zeith as unusual reputation, as composer as well as conductor. His "L'Oiseau Bleu," based on Maeterlinck's "Blue Bird," was heard at the Metropolitan recently. Maeterlinck attended the per f ormance. Albert Wolff was born January 19, 1886. In 1890 he entered the ,Vational Conservatory of Paris to study COM1, 031,100, beC00101g a pupil of Leroux, Vidal and Gedalge. In 1904 he married Mlle. Fanny David, a well-known lyric artist. From 1904-1906 to earn his livelihood, in turn he taught, coached and played Piano and organ, and later he becante second chief d'orchestre at the Concerts Rouge. Ile also, through Leroux, was appointed a professor at the Conserva- tory, Shortly afterwards he was named head of the orchestra of the Circle International of Ciehy, Under Albert Carre, he conducted performances of opera throughout France, and in 1909 he made his debut at the Opera Contique in "La Iota" by Laparra. Ills success war of such an order that he was chosen to conduct the representations which the Opera Comique gave in Buenos Ayres during the summer of 1911. Then followed four seasons at the Opera Comique, which were brought to an end by his entrance into the lour. Gallant service in the scar, which Wall him promotion to Sub.lienrenant, kept him until February, 1919, Upon his release he Isar immediately reinstated in the Opera COM ique. NINE MILLIONS RAISED HUNDREDS ATTEND MENS TEMPLE CLUB "GET-TO- FOR SUFFERING JEWS IN EASTERN EUROPE GETHER" RALLY FRIDAY --- Jew and Gentile Join to Aid First Entertainment of Rapidly Growing Organization Proves 6,000,000 Starving Jews in Huge Success-Sprightly Pro- War-Ridden Europe-Creed is grams to be Arranged Monthly. Forgotten in Work of Mercy. NEW YORK-The remarkable way in which the country has re- sponded to the cry for relief from the 6,000,000 starving Jewish people of Eastern Europe, is shown in a re- port made public by Henry H. Rosen. felt, director of the American Jewish Relief Committeee, which has com- pleted campaigns in about half of the States in the Union. For the first time in the history of the Jewish race, Jew and Gentile worked side by side this year to alleviate the intense suffering of mil- lions of Jews throughout Eastern Europe. American Jewry had borne alone the heavy burden of caring for their suffering kinsmen in the Eastern war zone throughout the four years of war, but with the signing of the armistice, the terrible condition of Eastern European Jews disclosed proved too herculean a task for the Jews of this country to attempt to carry alone. Jew and Gentile Join. So Gentile joined with Je w' and the gratifying results of this most radi- cal departure front Jewish traditions, is shown by a comparison of this year's and the 1918 campaign. During 1918, slightly over $9,000,- 000 was raised throughout the coun- try according to Mr. Rosenfelt. So far this year, with but half of the state campaigns held. $11,266,385 has been raised. The new policy of the American Jewish Relief Committee in waging their campaigns irrespec- tive of race or creed, has brought in over $2,000,000 more this year, than the entire country produced in 1918. "The outstanding feature of these campaigns has been the whole- hearted co-operation of people of every creed," declared Mr. Rosenfelt. "Non-Jews everywhere have not only contributed generously but have taken active part in the organization of the drives and have given, without stint, of their time and effort. (Continued On Page 4.) Differing greatly in form front any other social event in the annals of Temple Beth El, and by that token surpassing in surprises and genuine enjoyment all former successes, the first great "Get-Together" !fleeting of the Men's Temple Club, which took the form of a dinner and entertain- ment at the Temple, Friday evening, January 16, marked an epoch in the history of that virile and progressive organization. Prayer Launches Meeting. Beginning with the reading of the Sabbath Evening Prayer by Rabbi Leo M. Franklin, to the echo of the last humorous parody sung by the ensemble, the evening will long re- main a joyful memory with the two hundred members who attended the first rally of a club, that organized but a few months ago has shown a remarkable capacity for growth. The names of the hundreds of men on the roster of membership, the enthusiasm and interest manifest at all of its meetings, the steadiness and rapidity with which the aims of the organiza- tion are being furthered, all speak well for the future of the Men's Tem- ple Club. As the men gathered together Fri- day evening at 6 o'clock at the Tem- ple, each was handed a membership card, which proved the open sesame to an evening of unalloyed pleasure. Those members who for various rea- sons were not present at the dinner will receive their cards through the mails. A social half-hour in the vestry-rooms followed which served to 'break the ice' and establish on terms of good fellowship all the guests present. Lack of Formality. There was a distinct lack of for- mality in all the proceedings. Men, flourishing their membership cards, insisted on being introduced to all their brother members. When their insistence met with no rapid response (Continued On Page 10.1 Washington.-Pressing necessity for the restablishment of normal con- ditions in Poland is emphasized by the report of henry Morgenthau, former Ambassador to Turkey, who was a member of the American com- mission which was sent to investigate conditions in Poland. Associated with Mr. Morgenthau were Brigadier Gen. Edgar Jadwin and Homer H. Johnson. General Jadwin made a re- port in regard to the allegations of Pogroms. Last week, General Jadwin, filed his individual report on conditions in Poland and South Russia. The Gen- eral's report differs in many respects from that of Mr. Morgenthau. Where the latter minimizes the number of those killed by excesses of the vol- unteer armies General Jadwin 'says that from authentic figures received by him from reliable sources at least 29,000 were slaughtered. No con- cern was shown by the officers of the Polish or Ukrainian armies at these massacres but they were taken very much as a matter of course, and when any particular protest was made, those- presenting themselves to the High Command generally met with coldness if nut downright re- buff. Mr. Morgenthau in his report rec- ommended that the League of Nations or the principal world pow- ers should send to Poland industrial and economical experts to rehabili- tate that country. Mr. Morgenthau's report says: AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE MIS- SION TO POLAND. Paris, Oct. 3, 1919. To the American Commission to Ne- gotiate l'eace: Gentlemen: 1. A Mission consisting of Mr. Henry Morgenthau, Brigadier Gen- eral Edgar Jadwin, and Mr. Homer H. Johnson was appointed by the American Commission to Negotiate l'eace to investigate Jewish matters in Poland. The appointment of such a Mission had previously been re- quested by Mr. Paderewski, Presi- dent of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland. On June 30, 1919, Secretary Lansing wrote to this mission: "It is desired that the Mission make careful inquiry into all matters affecting the relations between the Jewish and non-Jewish elements in Poland. This will, of course, involve the investigation of the various massacres, pogroms and other ex- cesses alleged to have taken place the economic boycott and other methods of discrimination against the Jewish race. The establishment of the truth in regard to these mat- ters is not, however, an end in it- self. It is merely for the purpose of seeking to discover the reason lying behind such excesses and discrimina- tion with a view to finding a possible remedy. The American Government, as you know, is inspired by a friend- ly desire to render service to all ele- ments in the new' Poland, Christians and Jews alike. I am convinced that any measure that may be taken to ameliorate the conditions of the Jew's will also benefit the rest of the pop- ulation, and that conversely, any- thing done for the community bene- fit of Poland as a whole will be of advantage to the Jewish race. I am sure that the members of your 'Mis- sion are approaching the subject in the right spirit, free from prejudice one way or the other, and filled with a desire to discover the truth and evolve some constructive measure to improve the situation which gives concern to all the friends of Poland." Mission Two Months in Poland. JEWISH WOMAN'S CLUB OF DETROIT I hereby make application for membership to the Jewish Woman's Club and enclose two dollars for cur- rent year. Name Address Please make application blank, properly signed, with $2.00, to Mrs. Louis Simon, 128 McLean Avenue, High- land Park, Mich. 2. The Mission readied Warsaw on July 13, 1919, and remained in Po- All the land until Sept. 13, 1919. places where the principal excesses had occurred were visited. In addi- tion thereto. the Mission also studied the economic and social conditions. In such places as Lodz, Krakau, Grodno, Posen, Chelm, Lubin, and Stanislawow. By automobiling over 2,500 miles through Russian, Aus- trian, and German Poland the Mis- sion also came into immediate con- tact with the inhabitants of the small towns and villages. In order prop- erly to appreciate the present cultur- al and social conditions, the Mission also visited educational institutions, libraries, hospitals, museums, art gal- leries, orphan asylums, and prisons. 3. Investigations of the excesses were made mostly in the presence of representatives of the Polish Govern- ment and of the Jewish communities. There were also present in many cases Military and civil officials, and wherever possible officials in com- mand at the time the excesses oc- curred were conferred with and in- terrogated. In this work the Poland authorities and the American Min- ister to Poland, Mr. Hugh Gibson, lent the Mission every facility. De- putations of all kinds of organiza- tions were received and interviewed. A large number of public meetings and gatherings were attended, and the Mission endeavored to obtain a correct impression of what had oc- curred, of the present mental state of the public, and of the attitude of the various factions toward one an- other. Poland, A Refute. 4. The Jews entered Poland in large numbers (luring the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when they mi- grated from Germany and other countries as the result of severe per- secutions. Their language was Ger- man, which subsequently developed into a Hebrew-German dialect, of Yiddish. As prior to this immigra- tion only two classes or estates had existed in Poland (the owners and the tillers of the soil) the Jewish im- migrant became the pioneer of trade and finance, settling in the towns and villages. As time went on it became generally known throughout Europe that Poland was a place of refuge for the Jews, and their numbers were augmented as the result of persecu- tions in Western Europe. Still more recently as a result of the expulsion of the Jews from Russia on account of the enforcement of the Pale of Settlement and of the May laws of 11182, their number was further in- creased. 5. Notwithstanding the fact that Poland has been a place of refuge for the Jews, there have been anti-Jew- ish movements at various times. The present anti-sernitic feeling took a definite form after the Russian revo- lution of 1905. This feeling reached an intense stage in 1912, when the Polish National Democratic Party nominated an anti-Semite to repre- sent Warsaw in the Russian Duma and the Jews cast their vote for the Polish Socialist and carried the elec- tion. The National Democratic Party then commenced a vigorous anti- Semitic campaign. During the Ger- man occupation this campaign was temporarily reduced. At the end of the great war the chaotic and unna- tural state of affairs in which Poland found itself, gave good ground for a condition of social unrest, which together with the world stimulated tendency toward national self-de- termination, accentuated the feeling between Jewish and non-Jewish ele- ments. The chauvinistic reaction created by the sudden acquisition of a long coveted freedom ripened the public mind for anti-Semitic or anti- alien sentiment, which was strongly agitated by the press and by poli- ticians. This finally encouraged physical manifestations or violent outcroppings of an unbalanced social conditions. 6. When in November, 1918, the Austrian and German armies of oc- cupation left Poland there was no firm government until the arrival of General l'ilsudski, who had escaped from a German prison, and it was during this period, before the Polish Republic came into being, that the first of the excesses took place. The use of the word "pogrom" hat pur- posely been avoided, as the word is applied to everything from petty out- rages to premeditated and carefully organized massacres. No fixed defi- nition is generally understood. There were eight principal excesses, which are here described in chronological order: I. Kielce, Nov., 11, 1918. Shortly after the evacuation of the Austrian troops from Kielce, the Jew's of this city secured permission from the local authorities to hold a meeting in the Polski Theater. The purpose of the meeting was to dis- cuss Jewish national aspiration. It began shortly before 2 o'clock and filled the theater to overflowing. During the afternoon a small crowd of Polish civilians largely composed of students gathered outside of the theater. At 6:30 I'. M. the meeting began to break up, and when only about 300 people remained in the theater, some militiamen entered and began to search for arms. A short while thereafter and while the militia- men were still in the building, a crowd of civilians and some soldiers came into the auditorium and drove the Jews toward the stairs. On the stairs there was a double line of men armed with clubs and bayonets, who (Continued On Page 5.1