though it followed a downward
trend
of
funding,
it
was

much more significant than
previous years. Michigan State
University, which saw a 23.7
percent decrease as a result of
the cut and is still 7.9 percent
below 2010 levels, has shifted
funding resources, aiming to
raise more of its operating
budget through sources like
increased tuition and donations.
At the University, the 2011 cuts
resulted in a series of changes,
including the closing of the
Center for Ethics in Public Life
and offering several smaller
classes, along with a 6.7 percent
tuition increase. It was also
accompanied by a similar push
in fundraising. In November
2013, the University launched
the
Victors
for
Michigan

campaign
—
the
largest

fundraising campaign for any
university at the time — with
an overall goal of $4 billion, $1
billion of which is specifically
set aside for student financial
support.

In an interview on Feb.

15, Cynthia Wilbanks, vice
president
of
government

relations for the University,
noted that despite remaining
below 2011 funding, the amount
the University receives is still
high by comparison, as it’s
allocated 21 percent of the total
higher education funding in
Snyder’s budget proposal.

“It’s important to keep in

mind that of the $61 million
that has been recommended
by the governor, the University
of
Michigan
will
receive

21 percent,” she said. “The
percentages mask the resources
that actually are being provided

to the University, so from my
perspective 21 percent of $61
million is a good outcome.”

State Rep. Jeff Irwin (D–Ann

Arbor) said he does not believe
the state’s largest institution
should still have funding below
2010 levels, but added that he is
glad to see overall progress in
increasing funding.

“Our flagship institution is

going to be below where they
were when the governor took
over,” he said. “I’m happy about
the increase — it is moving in
the right direction. I was happy
when I found out it was going to
be back from the cuts in 2011,
but I found out that wasn’t true.
There are certain institutions
that are not being treated as
well as the others.”

Speaking to previous year’s

increases,
Zemke
said
he

thought they were too low to
compensate for inflation, also
noting that higher education
funding
rates
could
have

bigger impacts on the economy
because
of
student
debt

burdens.

“The
increase
last
year

was very small, I don’t even
think it amounted to the rate
of inflation,” he said. “I don’t
think we are putting enough
money in higher ed. Student
debt is stymieing our economy
—
everybody
acknowledges

this.”

Along with the changing

levels of funding, over the past
several years, state increases
in funding have also come
with new performance-based
stipulations, based on a number
of categories such as graduation
rate as well as a requirement
that institutions cap tuition
increases for the year at a
certain
percentage
point.

This year’s funding increase

was paired with a 4.8 percent
tuition increase cap for every
institution.

In the past, the University

has not supported any sort of
tuition caps correlating with
funding increases, saying they
believed decisions about how
to fund the University should

be made internally. However,
it has kept within them, unlike
several
other
institutions.

The University’s most recent
increase last year of 2.7 percent
was under the 3.2 percent state
increase cap and correlated
with a 5.9 percent funding
increase for the University.

Wilbanks said it was too

soon to project how this year’s
funding increase would interact
with the University’s financial
model, such as tuition.

The
budget
won’t
be

finalized until it’s voted on by
the state House and Senate, a
process that typically doesn’t

occur until the summer and
during which numbers can
often change.

“I would say that it is too early

to make any kind of projection
as to what the University is
going to do in regard to a tuition
increase,” Wilbanks said.

3-News

The Michigan Daily — michigandaily.com
News
Thursday, March 10, 2016 — 3A

turnout strongly aided Sanders’
victory in Michigan.

“I would definitely say that

students helped Sanders’ cause in
Michigan,” he said. “In most states
we’ve seen Sanders perform well
in, students have been taking to the
polls to make their opinion heard.”

Shipan said youth turnout is

historically lower because many
young people are not registered
to vote. However, when they
are registered in equal numbers
to other age groups, turnout is
approximately the same, he said.

Since the beginning of the year,

several
student
organizations

have launched large efforts to
encourage registration, including
the
University’s
chapter
of

College Democrats and Central
Student Government, with voter
registration booths across campus.
On election day, the groups — both
of which don’t endorse specific
candidates in the primary — also
distributed information on polling
locations and encouraged students
to go vote.

Shipan said this sort of activity

would largely benefit Sanders,
given the portion of the youth vote
he typically earns.

“There’s no doubt that it helps,”

he said. “Given that Sanders draws
a lot of support from young voters,
any effort in general to increase
student awareness of how to vote
and how to register is going to help
him disproportionately.”

Another component to Sanders’

victory was his overwhelming
support
among
independents

— CNN exit polls showed him
winning 71 percent of independent
voters.

Michigan has an open primary

system, meaning individuals can
vote in a party’s primary without
needing to be registered with that
party.

Shipan said that system likely

benefitted Sanders, noting that
many Democrats who would have
supported Clinton may have felt
confident that she would win based
on the polling numbers and instead
voted in the Republican primary in
opposition to frontrunner Donald
Trump.

In polls leading up to Tuesday’s

vote, Clinton was projected to take
the state by over 20 points.

“I suspect that the extent that

there were Democrats who crossed
over to vote in the Republican
primary as an anti-Trump vote,
Clinton lost more people than
Sanders did,” he said. “The open
primary aspect benefitted him.”

Sanders also did well among

Black
voters
in
Michigan

compared to previous primaries,
competing roughly at a 2:1 margin
with Clinton in Michigan and
decreasing leads in counties she
was expected to win handily, such
as Wayne County. The breakdown
of voters was a significant contrast
to Clinton’s win in Mississippi the
same night, where she captured 89
percent of the Black vote according
to exit polling.

Shipan said Sanders’ improved

performance among Black voters
was one factor in why the polls
were wrong, with voters who were
predicted to go for Clinton sticking
with the senator instead.

“He didn’t do great, but he

did far better than anywhere in
the South,” he said. “That has
previously provided (Clinton) with
a huge margin of victory in states
with a large Black population, but
not to the same extent.”

Kolenda
said
he
thought

Sanders’ record on trade policies

like the North American Free
Trade Agreement, instituted under
President Bill Clinton, were a major
player in his success.

Sanders has repeatedly come out

against various free-trade policies,
arguing that they negatively impact
blue-collar workers, a demographic
prevalent in the state of Michigan.

Clinton
has
responded
to

Sanders’ claims by citing her
decision to vote against a trade pact
while serving as senator, the only
trade agreement to be put to a vote
during her term.

Kolenda said these types of

workers are largely impacted by
Sanders’ strong stance on this
issue, noting that they may have
helped combat a predicted drop
in young voter turnout from many
college campuses being on Spring
Break Tuesday.

“Blue
collar
workers
of

Michigan have not forgotten that,”
he said. “This factor may also have
contributed to high millennial
turnout despite the fact that many
campuses are on vacation this
week.”

Echoing this idea, Shipan said

Sanders’ message resonates with
blue-collar workers in Michigan
who feel that they have been

slighted.

“Sanders’ message resonates

more in Michigan than in some
of the earlier states due to the fact
that Michigan workers have the
perception that they have been
hurt more by trade deals in the
past,” he said.

As the election cycle continues,

with four more states headed to
the polls or to caucus in the next
week alone, the question remains
whether Sanders’ performance in
Michigan should be seen as a one-
time occurrence, or an indication
for how he will do in the remainder
of the race.

Communications Studies Prof.

Josh Pasek said since the Sanders
campaign has a large base of small
donors and remains well-funded,
the senator will likely remain in the
race until the convention in July.

However, Pasek said despite his

ability to stay in the race and recent
successes, he is likely too far behind
Clinton in the delegate count to win
the nomination.

Currently, Sanders has 574

delegates.
Clinton
has
1,222

delegates, though 461 of those are
superdelegates, who pledge support
independent of voter outcomes and
can switch candidates at any times.

2,383 delegates are required to
secure the Democratic nomination.

“The problem for Bernie is if

he fares just as well as he did in
Michigan for the remainder of the
race, he will lose by a considerable
margin,” he said. “It appears —
based on Michigan — that he is
improving his performance, but it
is not clear if that improvement is
enough that he can actually win the
nomination at this point.”

Students for Hillary outreach

director Anushka Sarkar, an LSA
sophomore, said the group is
proud of Clinton’s performance
overall in Tuesday’sprimaries as
she ended the night with more
delegates. Students for Hillary will
continue campaigning for Clinton
moving forward in the election by
holding phone banks including one
tomorrow aimed at Ohio voters
given the state’s upcoming primary.

“We are very proud of the

secretary’s performance because
she came out ahead in the net
delegate total,” she said. “In
Michigan she had a very close
competition, and we congratulate
Sanders on winning the state. We
are looking forward to winning
in Ohio and will keep chucking
forward.”

PRIMARY
From Page 1A

workshops
and
panels.
These

smaller
groups
talked
about

bystander intervention, evidence-
based treatment for depression,
relationships and ways to support
students with autism. About 50
attendees made up each group, most
of whom were professionals, faculty
or graduate students in the field of
psychology.

However, even though there

were low numbers of undergraduate
attendees, many of the speakers
were undergraduate students.

A discussion on relationships,

called Relationship Remix, was
among the least formal of the
panels. The gender breakdown of
the audience was notably skewed
toward women, with only about
four men in attendance out of the
fifty total attendees.

Anne
Huhman,
program

manager at the University’s Sexual
Assault Prevention and Awareness
Center, said though the number of
men in this group was low, it was
important to continue to include as
many identities as possible in these
discussions.

“One thing that we’re trying

to do by gathering feedback from
our colleagues is get that range of
identities in the room, including
men,” she said.

Among the topics discussed

were consent, safe sex and how to

communicate in a healthy way.

When going over healthy options

for engaging in safe relationships,
LSA senior Madison McCullough,
a Relationship Remix leader, said
UHS offers many options for
students

“Many University of Michigan

students are not having sex,” she
said. “You can choose to have sex
less often, or with less partners, or
get the HPV vaccine, which UHS
offers.”

After the panel, LSA junior Emily

Liu, a SAPAC member, echoed
Huhman’s
sentiments,
saying

the conversation may have been
different with more undergraduates
in the room.

“It’s funny to think about how

this (discussion) might differ with
students,” Liu said.

Many of the speakers stressed

that mental health is an issue that
needs to be addressed on not only
on the University’s campus, but also
campuses across the country.

Laura McAndrew, sexual health

educator at Wolverine Wellness,
said mental health is an ongoing
issue for young people that requires
further discussion and focus.

“Mental
health
for
college

students is a huge factor in their
wellness, in their academic success
and in their well-being during their
time in school.” McAndrew said.
“So it’s a really complex issue that
requires a really complex set of
solutions to try to improve mental
health for students.”

DEPRESSION
From Page 1A

father figures could benefit
African-American
youth

and
protect
them
from

compromising
health

behaviors.

“African-American
male

youth are at risk for a number
of poor health outcomes,”
Caldwell said. “The approach
that we are taking to address
this problem involves not only
the child, but also his father
who doesn’t live with him …
Although the father does not
live in the household with the
child, he is there to provide
support for the child, and the
intervention that we do with
the fathers helps him in terms
of improving his parenting
behaviors.”

The Fathers and Sons project

currently uses a community
based
participatory

research
process,
meaning

its
organizers
work
with

community partners including
community organizations in
Flint, the Genesee County
Health Department and the
University’s School of Public
Health.

Cassandra Brooks, project

manager
for
Fathers
and

Sons, said the project serves
many
different
purposes

crucial to the enhancement of

African-American father-son
relationship development.

“One (purpose) is to reduce

negative
health
behaviors,

and particularly in the son,
such as early sexual initiation,
introduction
to
violence,

substance use, things like that,”
Brooks said. “Also, to promote
positive
health
outcomes,

better communication skills,
better
identity
with
their

culture (and) better dialogue
between fathers and sons.”

E. Hill De Leony, director

of the Flint Odyssey House
Health
Awareness
Center,

said
she
thought
Fathers

and Sons was an important
program for the community
because of the United States’
history of African-American
enslavement. Because of this,
many African Americans had
not received an education, had
no real work experience and
often could not read.

De
Leony
said
despite

equality efforts made from the
Emancipation Proclamation to
the Civil Rights Act, African-
American
males
had,
and

still have, difficulty getting
jobs to support their families,
resulting in negative effects on
African-American families as
a unit.

She added that she believes

society has made it seem as
though a family has to have

both a father and a mother
in the home, furthering the
negative
perception
about

having fathers not in the home.

“Society also said that if

they’re nonresidential, they
didn’t care about their families
because they’re glad to be
away,” De Leony said. “Our
research proves that’s not
true. They want to be with
their families, and they are
committed … there’s some
obstacles
that
kept
them

away that we address in our
research project, so we reduce
or eliminate those problems.”

Along with the program’s

components
of
performing

community
service
and

engaging
in
small
group

discussion, Caldwell said she
thought
African-American

history is also an imperative
topic to focus on in intervention
efforts.

“Within this intervention,

we
also
have
tailored
it

specifically
for
African-

American families, because
we take a cultural approach
in terms of the activities that
we do, some of the issues
that we discuss, some of the
ways that fathers are focused
on parenting their sons, for
example,
with
regard
to

race socialization,” Caldwell
said. “This intervention can
eventually be adapted to other

ethnic groups as well.”

In
Chicago,
the
project

is slated to follow a similar
approach as the program in
Flint, with several additions —
the group also plans to use the
grant to collect long-term data
through pretests and post-
tests, as well as six-month,
12-month and 18-month follow-
up evaluation data collection to
examine the long-term effects
of the intervention.

“Our goal is to release this

project so that it becomes
a model for the nation once
we are able to scientifically
demonstrate the components
of the intervention that are
effective,” Caldwell said.

Brooks said she thought

Fathers and Sons is different
from other intervention and
prevention programs because
it includes family members,
such as mothers and legal
guardians, to aid productive
communication between the
father and son.

“It’s an important project

because it’s bringing families
together,”
Brooks
said.

“Oftentimes, when a father
does not live in the same
home with their son they are
considered
to
be
absentee

fathers, and a nonresidential
father and an absentee father
are not the same thing.”

GRANT
From Page 1A

BUDGET
From Page 1A
FORD TALK S

LIZZY XIONG/Daily

Sister Simone Campbell, Executive Director of Network, talks about economic reform at Annenberg Auditorium on Wednesday.