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Vol. CI, No. 82
Ann Arbor, Michigan - Friday, January 25,1991
fCopyright (01991
The Michin Daflily
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Annual drug
survey shows
decline in use
by Chris Afendulis
Daily Staff kieporter
Demand for illicit drugs among
American high school and college
students continued to decline in
1990, according to a study re-
leased by University research sci-
entists yesterday.
The 16th national survey of
high school seniors and the 11th
annual survey of college students
comprise the findings of this year's
report, which also states that alco-
hol and cigarette use remain high
among young Americans.
The research was led by Lloyd
Johnston, Jerald Bachman, and
Patrick O'Malley of the Univer-
sity's Institute for Social Research.
The results of the survey were
presented yesterday by Johnston
and Louis Sullivan, United States
secretary of health and human ser-
vices, at a Washington D.C. news
conference.
Of last year's sample of seniors,
33 percent said they had taken at
least one illicit drug during 1990,
down from a high of 54 percent in
1979. Use of such drugs as mari-
juana, cocaine, and crack all saw
individual declines.
"Clearly our young people are
gradually moving away from
nearly all forms of illicit drug
use," said Johnston. "Put another
way, there is slow but steady
progress in our long-term efforts."
Bachman said the survey indi-
cated that most of the decline in
use stems from changes in de-
mand, not supply.
"Our findings have found... in-
creased perception of risks and
disapproval (involved with drug
use) seem to cause a downturn in
use," Bachman said last night.
The researchers also said the
decreases are not limited to spe-
cific social groups.
"We are seeing declines in
marijuana and cocaine use across
the different levels of social class,
among different racial groups, in
large cities as well as rural ar-
eas... and even among those who
are frequently truant from school,"
Johnston said.
Alcohol use declined less than
illicit drugs among both high
school and college students, with
the proportions reporting alcohol
use in the prior month falling by
2.9 percent and 1.7 percent, re-
spectively, to 57 percent and 75
percent. This continues a pattern
evident in previous surveys.
Bachman stressed the need to de-
ter cigarette use among young
Americans.
"The cigarette data are discourag-
ing," said Bachman. "I certainly
think a lot of our prevention cam-
paign (resources) should go toward
cigarettes and alcohol."
"We have a considerable portion
(of the survey sample) who smoke
cigarettes and are dependent on
them."
ISR conducts the annual survey
with grants from the National Insti-
tute on Drug Abuse.
Allies seek
faster war
DHAHRAN, Saudi Arabia (AP) - Iraq's elusive air
force showed signs of life yesterday, sending two
warplanes over Saudi territory where they were shot
down carrying missiles capable of sinking allied war-
ships.
The U.S. navy scored a victory in the northern
Persian Gulf, taking 51 Iraqis prisoner on a tiny
Kuwaiti island and sinking an Iraqi minesweeper,
American officials reported. They said a second
minesweeper exploded and sank, apparently after hitting
a mine while trying to escape.
Three Iraqis were killed on Qaruh Island yesterday in
the latest action by the U.S. Navy along the Kuwaiti
coast.
The losses occurred as allied forces took advantage of
clearing skies to step up their relentless air assault on
Iraq and Kuwait. Many of the attacks concentrated on
Iraq's elite Republican Guards, an Army spokesperson
said.
"We are hitting them with all the assets available to
us," U.S. Army Lt. Col. Greg Pepin said of the elite
Iraqi unit.
So far, the spokesperson said, the Iraqis have lost 19
planes in air-to-air combat, while the allies have lost
none. Iraq has lost 22 planes on the ground.
The number of Allied sorties passed 15,000
yesterday, Pepin said. Allied sources in Dhahran said the
U.S.-led coalition wants to pick up the pace, perhaps
flying 3,000 missions a day if the skies remain clear.
In addition, Pentagon sources said yesterday that
See WAR, Page 2.
Opinion Board
LSA sophomore Josh Bornstein and LSA first-year student Nicole Parisi write their
thoughts about the war in the Persian Gulf on an opinion board in South Quad.
Dearborn students struggle with .Gulf war
by Melissa Peerless
Daily igher Education Reporter For many of these students, the Jordan or Kuwait. Some have rela- Up to this point, tensions
be-
Although the kiosk faces are
bare of protest notices, the bulletin
boards in the Mall void of war-re-
lated announcements, the tension
of the Gulf war still pervades the
University's Dearborn campus.
Dearborn has one of the largest
Arab American populations in the
United States and a high percent-
age of Dearborn students are Arab
Americans.
Gulf war is a particularly disturb-
ing and personal conflict.
"The country we live in is de-
stroying the country we came from
and vice-versa. It's very painful for
us," said Ashley Mammo, a senior
studying psychology and political
science.
"I have some family at home.
Just about every Arab I know has
family in Iraq or Saudi Arabia or
tives who are soldiers fighting in
the war," she added.
Elliott Attisha, a pre-med junior
and student government represen-
tative, shares Mammo's
sentiments.
"You're torn. You are an Amer-
ican but you have relatives at
home who are being killed. All you
can do is pray for a peaceful solu-
tion," he said.
tween Arab Americans and other
students on campus have not been
unusually high.
"I know there is a certain un-
derlying tension but I haven't no-
ticed anything. I haven't noticed a
clash. By and large, everyone re-
spects each other's views and
rights," said Career Planning &
Placement employee Craig
See DEARBORN, Page 2
News media, with little to say, creates a Nintendo war
by Ronan G. Lynch
Daily Research Reporter
News Analysis
In the newsroom, it's us
against them. Networks broadcast
from war situation rooms, com-
plete with scale maps, models of
aircraft and tanks, and military
analysts.
For some, it represents the
country pulling together behind the
troops. For others, it's a sure sign
that the media are creatures of the
Pentagon. On television, it's a Nin-
tendo war.
Because reporters are severely
restricted, videotapes of bombing
raids released by the Pentagon
have enjoyed relentless replays.
The heroes of the war to date ap-
pear to be the hi-tech weapons
which are supposedly reducing
Iraq's military targets to rubble.
Unfortunately, there is no way
to tell whether Pentagon reports
are accurate. There has been little
"reporting" from the Gulf, as jour-
nalists are instead forced to inter-
pret the scraps of information re-
leased by the Pentagon.
"Because it seems so imme-
diate, there's an illusion that we
are seeing the war as it unfolds,"
said University of Kentucky Politi-
cal Science Prof. Bruce Williams.
"That's really dangerous, because
news about the war is very
controlled."
In the first days of the United
States buildup, NBC News presi-
dent Michael Gartner remarked
that U.S. censorship had never
been tighter.
The Gulf crisis has marked the
coming of age of CNN. It has been
acclaimed (mostly by itself) for its
coverage. Television has become
the medium through which diplo-
mats and opposing leaders
communicate.
George Bu.h, Dick Cheney,
Gulf commander Schwarzkopf
quote CNN, and local affiliates go
to CNN rather than their networks.
Saddam Hussein is also reported to
keep a close eye on CNN.
"I'm obviously biased but I
think it's the world's most impor-
tant network," said Janet Kolodzy,
a CNN writer and editor who is
currently in the Michigan Journal-
ism Fellows program.
In the coverage of the Gulf
conflict, she said, "there is a ques-
tion of breath versus depth, but we
trust the viewers to discern.
"For the first time, everyone
one of our tapes says 'cleared by
U.S. military,' or 'cleared by Iraqi
censors,"' she said. "That's a clue
to the viewer as to what we can
give them."
Some viewers may find it
comforting to find news anchors
discussing the conflict in terms of
"we" versus "them". "Chalk up
another four Scud missiles," an-
nounced CNN's Lyn Vaughn on
Tuesday.
Echoing the general view of
the media, ABC's James Walker
declared Monday night, "From the
American standpoint, this has been
a relatively bloodless war, thanks
to our hi-tech weapons."
"It's frightening - everything
has become the military aspect,"
said Williams. "There is virtually
no coverage of the political and
social implications of this war."
Others academics are less crit-
ical of the media's role. "I think
American journalism is much more
about affirmation and confirmation
of American values than rendering
of information," said Richard
Campbell, a Communications pro-
fessor at the University.
"I find the coverage more
honest. They aren't hiding behind
the guise of objectivity, and in de-
fense of network news, they are
trying to bring in. oppositional
voices."
The so-called surgical strikes
are intended to destroy military
targets while avoiding civilian ca-
See MEDIA, Page 2
B-school dean
finalists chosen
by Henry Goldblatt
Daily Administration Reporter
After a four month search process, the search ad-
visory committee for the new business school dean
announced its finalists for the position yesterday.
The committee selected four candidates:
Michael Darby, an economist from UCLA,
who is currently the Undersecretary of Commerce in
Washington D.C. He was formerly the assistant sec-
retary of the treasury.
Thomas Keller, who is currently the dean of
the business school at Duke University.
William Pierskalla - director of the Hunts-
man Center for Global Competition and Leadership
who served as the deputy dean of the University
of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business from
1983 to 1989.
Jpseph White, who is the acting interim dean
of the University's Business School.
The search committee invited each of the candi-
dates to campus for two-day interviews during the
first two weeks in February.
Although the committee considered affirmative
action criteria in the candidate selection, none of the
candidates are people of color.
After the campus interviews, the search commit-
tee will present a list of names to the Provost Gilbert
War protesters ready
for march on capital
by Lisa Sanchez
Daily Staff Reporter
When Residential College senior Matt
Weber's brother Bill left to join U.S. forces
in the Persian Gulf, Matt asked his sibling
how he would feel if he joined the anti-war
protests at home.
"Go to as many as you can," the soldier
replied.
Matt is one of more than 500 University
students taking to the road this weekend to
voice their objections to the Persian Gulf
war in Washington, D.C.
The Natipnal Campaign for Peace in the
Middle East is sponsoring a protest
Saturday, where thousands will demonstrate
to stop the war and bring troops home.
Organizers. predict as many as 150,000
people will turn out to march down
Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House
and rally on the Ellipse, a grassy area
behind the White House.
Conscientious objectors, family members
of servicepeople in the Middle East,
veterans and students are among the 500
national and local groups to be represented
demonstration and media coverage will
bring to the public the awareness of the
seriousness so that never again do we
commit to killing people on a whim," David
said.
Many students plan to beat the traffic by
leaving early today.
Deborah Rosenstein, a junior in the
School of Natural Resources, leaves this
morning with four people and a dog.
"I'd like to see the war end as soon as
possible," said Rosenstein. "I've written
letters and called President Bush's hotline,
and this is another way to show my support."
A rally to send off the 450 students
leaving by bus is scheduled tonight at 7 p.m
in front of the Michigan Union. The buses
will begin their 12-13 hour trip at 8 p.m.
Saturday's featured speakers include civil
rights leader and shadow senator of the
District of Columbia Jesse Jackson, National
Organization for Women president Molly
Yard, and actors Susan Sarandon and Tim
Robbins.
"Hopefully, it will have an impact on
Bush's administration, and he will see there is
a otrna aA rr y nff atz ,wir mnvP~ern-nt," gi
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