EDUCATION AGENCY
A WISE SUGGESTION
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Sixty-Seven Years of Editorial Freedom
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FAIR, WARM
LXVIIL No. 21S
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1958
FIVE CENTS
FOUR PAGES
FIECNSFU{AE
J. S. Anti-Missile
Weapon Tested
Pacific Blast Considered First Step
in Development of ICBM Defense
WASHINGTON () - An American atomic weapon mounted in a
sile was detonated miles above the Pacific Ocean yesterday.
It was a first step toward creation of a defense against intercon-
ental ballistic missiles.
The spectacular blast over Johnston Island was witnessed by
usands of people in Hawaii, some of them as much as 700 miles
to the scene.
An Army Redstone missile was believed to have been used for the
eriment conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission and Defense
partment weaponeers.
Redstone Normally Ground to Ground
The Redstone's normally intended use is for bombardment of
Lind targets up to a distance of 200 miles. Firing in vertical posi-
-tio, it presumably could attain a
height of almost 100 miles.
led r it rea however, first reports from
letroit A rea weather observers in Hawaii in-
dicated the explosion might have
occurred at an altitude of about
o A ctLiOns fouror five miles.
This may have been intended as
" an initial experiment leading to
vestigated subsequent very high altitude
shots, or the detonation may have
come at a lower altitude than
ASHINGTON (AP) - Pretty planned.
cy Dawson braved gangland Height Calculated
eats yesterday to testify at a On the other hand, a mathe-
ate inquiry into charges that matics professor at the University
keteers have muscled into De- of Hawaii, S. B. Townes, calcu-
I's luprative laundry business. lated the firing had to be 800 miles
he was praised for her cour- in the air above Johnston Island
by Chairman John L. Mc- to be visible at Honolulu..
lan (D-Ark.) of the Senate The Redstone missile is designed
ikets Committee, and a witness to carry either atomic or conven-
denied part of her story was tional explosive in its warhead.
atened with a perjury charge. Purpose Told
Controlled by Mobsters The primary purpose of the test
he witness was Joe Lehr, a was to establish, by actual trial,
tner in the Star Coverall Sup- what happens when a nuclear
Co. of Detroit. Committee in- blast occurs at high altitude, where
igators say Star is controlled the density of air lessens progres-
mobsters. sively until atmosphere virtually
rs. Dawson is president of a disappears at a height of about 100
peting firm, the Dawson In- miles ab
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Allies Ask
August 12
Conference
To Be Held in UN;
Predict Soviet Okay
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. A)-
The United States and Britain
yesterday drove for an Aug. 12
Middle East summit conference in
the United Nations.
France would not say yes, but
diplomats in Moscow, predicted
Soviet, acceptance.
Britain put in a formal request
for a high-level Security Council
meeting in just 11 days, and sug-
gested Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold aid in consulta-
tions among Council members on
arrangements.
Acts Immediately
He acted immediately, calling in
representatives of the big powers
on the 11-nation Council for indi-
vidual consultations. He said he
would see the other Council mem-
bers today.
But despite the speed at which
the diplomatic wheels were turn-
ing here, considerable doubt ex-
isted that the meeting could actu-
ally open on the target date Bri-
tain proposed. United Nations
diplomats said Aug. 15 seemed
more likely, and a delay until Aug.
18 was not ruled out.
Ike Suggests Aug. 12
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
suggested on or about Aug. 12 in
his letter sent yesterday to Soviet
Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Eisen-
hower lined up with Britain and
committed himself definitely for
the first time to attend a high-
level Council meeting. ,
The Council members talked
with Hammarskjold about the
site for the summit meeting, the
nations outside the Council to be
invited, and how broad a range
Middle East discussion will cover..
UN diplomats expected that a
meeting of the Council attended
by the representatives now here
will be held by the middle of next
week to formalize the preliminary
arrangements.
Predict Soviet Acceptance
In Moscow, diplomats from
Western and neutral nations pre-
dicted Khrushchev would accept
United States and British insis-
tence that the summit meeting be
held under Council procedure.
They saw Geneva as the most
probable site.
Hammarskjold favors New York,'
but informed sources said political
pressures might result in selecting
Geneva despite admittedly better
physical facilities existing at UN+
headquarters in New York.+
Rises;
Troops
Haiti Clais
U.S. Harbors
'Brigands'
PORT-AU-Prince (-) - Haiti's
President Francois Duvalier yes-
terday accused the United States
of permitting Haitian exiles to plot
on United States soil against the
Haitian government.
He also announced at a news
conference in the presidential pal-
ace that Haiti is demanding extra-
diction from New York of ex-
President Paul E. Magloire and ex-
Sen. Louis Dejoie, a defeated pres-
idential candidate.
Rules by Decree
Duvalier Thursday won from the
National Assembly the right to
rule Haiti by decree for six months
in an effort to protect the Carib-
bean Negro republic from plotters.
Duvalier said the latest coup
attempt - crushed Tuesday with
the killing of three Haitian ex-
army officers and five Americans-
was international brigandage.
Were Deputy Sheriffsg
He said four Americans in the
plot were former deputy sheriffs
of Dade County, Florida. They
have been identified as.Arthur
Payne, Danny E. Jones, Robert
Hickey and Joseph Walker, all of
Miami.
Court Gets
Criank Mail
ST. LOUIS OP)-Crank mail is
pouring in on the 8th Circuit Court
of Appeals, which will hear an
appeal in the Little Rock school
integration case Monday.
Every day brings more letters,
mainly from the South. Robert C.
Tucker, clerk of the appellate
court, says they are bitter and
frequently vicious.
The judges are reluctant to dis-
cuss the crank mail. Some won't
even admit they read it.
INSTITUTE SPEAKER REMARKS:
Law Said Important in Bargaining
Laws of the ship can no longer
be considered separate from laws
of the land, Prof. Archibald Cox
of Harvard University law school
said yesterday.
Addressing a University law
school institute on collective bar-
gaining, Prof. Cox indicated that
"The time has passed when we
could simply erect a 'no-trespass-
ing' sign and separate industrial
relations from the law."
"The law has moved into the-
sphere of grievance adjustment
and contract administration," he
said. "The law of contracts often
embodies these ideals. It may also
embody lessons of experience en-
tirely aplicable to collective bar-
gaining agreements."
"Conversely," he continued, "the
law can satisfy the needs of the
industrial world only if there is a
strong infusion of many of the
ideas and convictions .,..which
have gained acceptance in the
world of labor relations."
Collective bargaining, Prof. Cox
Enforce Agreements
ByArbitrion-.hGrgod'
Arbitration should be the principal means of enforcing collective
bargaining agreements, Prof. Charles 0. Gregory, of the University of
Virginia Law School told the University Law Institute yesterday.
He suggested that Congress amend existing laws to make arbitra-
tion an essential part of all collective bargaining agreements.
His proposal indicated that labor and management would have
to agree to submit all disputes arising under their contracts to
a mutually chosen, impartial "um-
pire,."
dustrial Laundry Co. A blonde i
a summery white dress, she said
she had been threatened with dis-
figurement or worse if she testi-
fled.
Before she talked with com-
mittee investigators this summer,
she said, Lehr invited her to a
restaurant for a cup of coffee,
accused her of squealing, and in
response to her denials warned
her: "Soonor or later I'll find out,
and when I do you'll get a letter."
Mafia Symbol
Mrs. Dawson said she took this
as childish talk until she was told
the expression "getting a letter"
refers to the fact "it was quitea
common to send a picture of a
hand in an envelope-that's sup-
posed to indicate that's it."a
There have been previous refer-
ences to the Mafia, the Sicilian
Black Hand society, in the Senate
probe,
Consent Decree
Ends Wolfson
Stock Probe
Anti- hamoun
Sentiment
Reinforced
No Report
Submitted
By Gold fine
WASHINGTON (R') - An official
of the Securities and Exchange
Commission said yesterday Ber-
nard Goldfine's East Boston Co.
failed to file an annual report due
last Tuesday.
He said East Boston has been
notified the commission will act
against it.
The official said failure of the
company to file & report on its
operations in the 12 months ended
March 31 violates, federal law and
also a federal court- order issued
when the SEC acted three, years
aoagainst East Boston for failure
to file regular reports.
During the earlier proceedings
against East Boston, presidential
assistant Sherman Adams made
inquiries to the SEC about the
case.
SEC officials denied in testimony
during the House investigation of
relations between Goldfine and
Adams that the commission had
gone easy on East Boston.
Arbitrators Should Decide
Maintaining that courts should
give arbitrators a free hand in
settling disputes, Prof. Gregory
said that "by leaving virtually all
decisions to the arbitrators them-
selves, contract interpretation and
application will be left to develop
freely and properly."
"At present, the Supreme Court
has enabled federal judges to do
exactly that, he reported.
Can Be Trusted
"Arbitrators . . . can be trusted
to make sense in applying fairly
broad principles to a host of de-
tailed situations which could
neither be explicitly anticipated
nor covered in the agreement,"
Prof. Gregory continued.
"I would not trust a busy federal
judge with handling, this sort of
thing, any more than I would trust
even skilled arbitrators with a
district judge's job," he said.
Prohibit Legal Actions
He indicated that where collec-
tive bargaining agreements are in
force, individual employees should
not be allowed to start legal ac-
tions against their employee about
the terms and conditions of their
employment.
"Where there is no arbitration
clause, the union should be allowed
to decide whether or not (legal)
action should be brought on behalf
of one or more employees," he in-
sisted.
"If so, the union should be left
to maintain and finance the ac-
tion, with complete control of
litigation," Prof. Gregory added.
DOOR OPENED:
Steel Price
Rise Seen
PITTSBURGH W) - Republic
Steel Corp. yesterday opened the
door for the steel industry to in-
crease prices on another big seg-
ment of its products.
Several other firms quickly en-
dorsed the action.
Earlier this week, the industry
increased the prices on flat rolled
products. That action caused the
Senate Antitrust subcommittee to
vote yesterday to hold hearings on
the steel price raises.
30 Per Cent Increase
Republic, the nation's third
largest producer, announced it
would increase by approximately
three per cent prices on its prin-
cipal carbon and alloy steel prod-
ucts.
Republic and the other com-
panies said they would put the
price increase into effect Monday
on such items as bars, rods, wire
and pipe.
Becomes Prices Leader
In making the announcement,
Republic stepped into the role of
price leader very much like Armco
Steel Corp., did last Tuesday when
it increased prices on flat rolledl
products.I
noted; does not give management
and labor the same "freedom to
disagree" which characterizes
typical contracts between business
firms or individuals.
Need Creative Interpretation
"This means that interpretation
of collective bargaining agree-
ments must assume a more cre-
ative role than in most commer-
cial or property litigation," he
said.
Prof. Cox cited changes in union
representation as an area where
traditional contract theory is not
well suited to industrial relations.
Once employees decide to
change the union which serves as
their bargaining representative,
termination of their contract with
management becomes a "practi-
cal necessity," no matter how long
the contract may still have to run,
Prof. Cox declared.
Gives Reasons
"Employees frequently change
representatives because they are
dissatisfied with existing condi-
tions of employment, and not
merely with the manner in which
their previous representative ad-
ministered the agreement," he
said.
"As a matter of practical poli-
tics, the new union must show
that it can render better service,"
Prof. Cox maintained. "This re-
quires making some changes, re-
gardless of whether they benefit
or merely seem to benefit the em-
ployees."
Principles Applied
On the other hand, he con-
tinued, there are areas in which
contract principles may be fruit-
fully applied in industrial rela-
tions. As an example, they can be
used in deciding whether or not
strikes under a "no strike" clause
are justified.
Similarly, the concept of "good
faith and fair dealing" developed
in contract law can help deter-
mine whether or not employers
are justified in subcontracting
work outside their plants, Prof.
Cox said.
"In collective bargaining, the
contract can hardly be the exclu-
sive source of rights, remedies and
duties.
Conference
Can t Resolve
Differences
WASHINGTON (A') - Senate-
House efforts failed for the time
being yesterday to resolve differ-
ences over extension of the recip-
rocal trade program.
After an all -day session, con-
ferees suspended their negotia-
tions until next Monday.
"A lot of little things,' was the
description given by Rep. Aime J.
Forand (D-R.I.) of the stumbling
blocks in the way of a compromise.
The House version, patterned
after President Eisenhower's re-
quests, would extend the Trade
Act five years and give the presi-
dent authority to cut tariffs 25 per
cent in negotiating mutual trade
concessions.
The Senate version would limit
the time to three years and hold
down the amount of the presiden-
tial tariff-cutting authority to 15
per cent with not more than five
per cent to be used in any one
year.
Plan for Mall
To Be Offered
State street merchants will be
formally presented with the mall
idea being formulated for that
business district at 10 a.m. Tues-
day in the basement of Ann Arbor
Federal, according to John Paup,,
chairman of the traffic committee
nf the Ann ArborC hamber nfl
Cabinet Split
As Finance
Chief Quits
Attempt To Persuade
Embittered Premier
To Remain in Office
BEIRUT (W) -- Political pres-
sures mounted yesterday against
the lame duck government of
President Camille C h a m o u n,
whose term ends Sept. 23.
More American troops arrived
meanwhile by ship from Germany.
Finance Minister Pierre Edda
quit his Job - the first open break
in the Lebanese Cabinet since
CAMILLE CHAMOUN
... faces rising pressure
FOR LIGHT PLANES:
Boling Sets New Non-Stop
Transatlantic Flight Record
PENDLETON, Ore. (M)-What he called his last "eyedropper full
of gas" carried veteran flier Marion (Pat) Boling to a safe landing
here yesterday, a new nonstop record for light planes.
Boling brought in his brilliant orange Beechcraft Bonanza at
2:52 p.m., after warning the airport control tower his tanks were dry
and he could not circle for an approach.
He said afterward he used the overflow from the main tank in
landing. This was the happy ending to an epic endurance flight which
- began in Manila 45 hours 42 min-
NEW YORK ()-Louis E. Wolf-
son, multimillionaire industrialist,
consented yesterday to a perman-
ent injunction enjoining him from
alleged manipulation of American
Motors Corp. common stock.
The consent decree, applying
also to anyone acting in concert
with Wolfson, was filed in United
State District Court and signed
by Dist. Judge John M. Cashin.
The court last month issued
a temporary . restraining order
against Wolfson on complaint of
the Securities & Exchange Com-
mission that he "or his agents"
had engaged in stock manipula-
tion. Wolfson denied the charges.
Filing of the decree terminated
action on the complaint.
Atty. Leo Gottlieb, representing
Wolfson, said Wolfson consented
to the decree, despite his denial of
the charges, on the ground that it
simply restates the law and pro-
hibits Wolfson from doingthings
"he has not intention or desire of
doing."
Marines Leave
Cuban Village
WASHINGTON M)--The United
States late yesterday withdrew a
detachment of United States
Marines from a Cuban village
where their presence had produced
a touchy diplomatic situation.
The Marines had been sent to+
Yateras. a villwzj iust nutieA +the
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
Solutions to Atom
Problems Sought
By JOHN A. BARBOUR
Associated Press Science Reporter
NEW YORK (A') - Can the United States, safely and effective-
ly, fight nuclear fire with nuclear fire?
That seems to be the question that erupted yesterday high in the
Pacific sky, 700 miles southwest of Hawaii.
Why fire off an atomic weapon at that height?
The answer lies in the original AEC announcement that certain
defensive missiles with nuclear warheads would be tested in ,the
Johnston Island area.
Missiles with nuclear warheads - How might such dangerous
missiles protect against enemy nuclear attack?
Perhaps 15 Minutes Warning
The United States stands Just across the Arctic Circle from Rus-
sia. A Russian missile carrying a nuclear warhead that could smash
half a city could cover the distance in about half an hour.
- The longest advance warning would be perhaps 15 minutes. That
is 15 minutes to stop a missile approaching at about 15,000 miles an
hour.
Perhaps the nuclear explosion over Johnston Island is one answer.
The AEC's experiment could be aimed at determining if the fire-
ball and shock waves of a nuclear blast might destroy or otherwise
block an enemy missile from imve , i+ .r ,, f ,,,,a, a ir
utes, 6,979 miles and 401 gallons of
gasoline earlier.
The old nonstop, unrefueled
record of 4,957.24 miles for single
engine planes had been set in 1949
by the late Capt. Bill Odom in
another Bonanza.
Boling was wrapped in his wife's
tight embrace the moment his feet
touched the ground.
His proud son, Kevin, 9 years
old, stood by, waiting his turn. The
other two Boling children re-
mained at their Palo Alto, Calif.,
home.
Boling's pretty wife, Joyce, said
all she wanted was for Pat to get
plenty of rest then return home.
She said she had never been con-
cerned for his safety, and Kevin
felt the same way "because daddy
has never crashed yet."
Segregationist
Weins Release
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP)-John
Kasper was reunited yesterday
with some of his radical segrega-
tionist supporters and pledged he
would continue his fight against
race mixing.
The lean white-supremacy lead-
World News Roundup
By The Associated Press-
BAGHDAD, Iraq-The United States Embassy demanded yester-
day the release of two American Marines seized here Wednesday by
Iraqi military police near a blazing oil storage tank.
The Marines, members of the embassy guard, were picked up along
with about 40 Iraqis found in the vicinity of the fire, an Iraqi govern-
ment spokesmjan said.
* ,,
CARACAS, Venezuela-Five men in an automobile fired five shots
Thursday night into the home of Edgard Sanabria, member of Vene-
zuela's ruling junta, in an assassination attempt.
Police captured two of the men, one of whom was wounded. One
of Sanbria's guards was wounded in the attack on the home.
LONDON-Moscow Radio reported last night the Soviet Union
has protested to Italy against use of Italian ports and airfields in the
passage of American forces sent to Lebanon.
A note delivered to the Italian ambassador in Moscow warned the
Rome government "to take effective measures so that Italian territory
may no longer be used for purposes of aggression."
* * *
PARIS-Premier de Gaulle went on a nationwide radio-TV net-
work last night to warn Frenchmen of further belt-tightening needed
to put the nation's economy in order.
Frenchmen had already been hit with about 100 million dollars
in new taxes effective Thursday.
S* * *
INDIANAPOLIS- A pretty divorcee traced a handsome drug
Pf _ _ . _.11f O nn t m._ fm i . at _ .rst_ .nv, ?e n . _«.« ,_ . . .i , 1,.
army commander Fuad Shehab
was named president-elect by Par-
liament Thursday.
Persuasion .Tried
Ministers loyal to President
Chamoun worked to persuade Pre-
mier Sami Solh to remain in office
until Chamoun's term expires,
Solh was said to be embittered
by the election of Shehab, a long-
time political foe, and there have
been rumors that Solh's resigna-
tion is imminent.
Reliable informants said Edde,
a member of the midroad National
Bloc, resigned because he felt She-
hab should be given some authori-
ty immediately although he is not
scheduled to take office until Sept.
24.
The Cabinet, at a meeting yes-
terday, refused to take such a
step.
Resignation Postponed
Informants said pro-Chamoun
Cabinet ministers had talked Solh
into postponing any resignation
and perhaps staying in office un-
til Chamoun's term ends.
If Solh should resign, it would
leave Chamoun in an increasingly
difficult spot. He would find it
almost impossible to get anyone
else to form a Cabinet for the few
weeks remaining until Sept. 23.
And if Chamoun should be left
without a Cabinet, the pressure
would be increased for him to re-
sign before his term ends.
GI Deserter
Given 10-Year
Prison Term
VERDUN, France () - A GI
wartime deserter who hid out for
14 years with his French girlfriend,
was sentenced yesterday to 10
years imprisonment by an Army
court-martial.
But bald, 37-year-old Wayne
Powers, a native of Chillicothe,
Mo., had high hope for early
release.
Pleads Guilty
Powers, father of five children
by Yvette Beleuse, who shielded
him for 14 years, pleaded guilty
to the desertion charge during the
half-hour trial. He offered no de-
fense.