Slir
Sixty-Seven Years of Editorial Freedom
:4ai i44
CLOUDY, WARM
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JULY 24, 1958
FIVE CENTS
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FOUR, PAGI
FIVE CENTS FOUR PAG
Khrushchev
Accepts
Plai
For Conference at Summi
Industrialism,
Most Sought
Soviet Goal
By GENNY LELAND
"Industrialization is the obses-
sion of the pre-moderns," Prof.
George Fischer of Brandeis and
Harvard Universities declared yes-
terday.
Speaking on "The Role of In-
dustrialization in Soviet Politics"
in the fourth of a summer lecture
series, Prof. Fischer defined in-
dustrialization as a shorthand ex-
pression for a group of economic,
sociological and psychological fac-
tors.
He pointed out. that countries
such as India and Lebanon are
pre-moderns because these na-
tions have not reached advanced
stages in industrialization.
Beginning of Power
Pre-modern countries look to
industrialization as a beginning
of national power, prestige and a
good life free from superstition,
poverty and oppressive ruling
classes.
This has become an all impor-
tant single goal for these coun-
tries, the professor said.
"Industrialization produces, onj
a cause and effect basis, a new
type of society." The society con-
tinues to increase in the complex-
ity of its structure. It produces ur-
COMBATS 'FOOLISH SEEDLING DISEASE':
'U' Rice Research Brings Success
Millions of Asians may find relief
for aching backs and even enjoy
longer lives through results of
basic research on rice at the Uni-
versity.
University scientists, led by Prof.
Peter B. Kaufman of the botany
department, have found a way to
increase the height of rice stems
nearly two-fbld--from about two
feet to four feet-without dimin-
ishing quality or yield.
For centuries, Asian farmers
have toiled and bent their backs
over the Orient's oldest and most
important staple-an aquatic grass
known as rice. They may not have
to spend their lives stooping over
much longer.
Result of Research
The accomplishment of stem
elongation is the result of basic
research in rice physiology and of
Prof. Kaufman's intense interest
in the plant, which spans nearly a
decade. He has directed the Uni-
versity study, backed this year by
$4,300 from a Horace H. Rackhamr
faculty research grant, since com-
ing here two years ago.
Ironically, the answer to in-
creasing stem height is directly
linked to a fungus that normally
attacks rice, causing what Japa-
nese scientists call "the foolish
seedling disease," Prof. Kaufman
says. The results are often disas-
trous-the plant grows too fast, its
leaves grow out of proportion, and
its stems become weak, often top-
pling into irrigation waters.
Can Control Growth
The Japanese have found, how-
ever, that gibberellic acid that
comes from the fungus can be used
to control growth in various plants
and much interest has been stirred
up among botanists.
Prof. Kaufman's is the first
large-scale attempt at using the
acid on rice in the United States,
however. To his knowledge the
University is the only institution
actively engaged in basic research
on rice physiology and hormones.
How did Prof. Kaufman get on
the trail to a successful means of
stem elongation? During 1954-56,
while serving with the Army, the
young scientist helped devise a
method of determining successive
stages of development in rice.
He also experimented with ir-
radiated rice, testing it for hard-
ness, size, and effect of radiation.
Both of these studies were to prove
valuable to him at the University,
U.S. Unveils
New Bomber
WICHITA, Kan. (P)-What the
Air Force describes as its first
truly world-range nuclear bomber
rolled off the production.line yes-
terday without much fanfare.
The plane is known as the B-
52-G. 'Yesterday's showing was
conducted for news and camera-
men at Boeing Airplane Co.'s as-
sembly plant.
Without being too specific, the
Air Force says the B-52-G will
fly higher, farther and faster and
carry a more lethal punch than
the earlier model B-52s.
RAISES RICE-Prof. Peter B. Kaufman of the botany department,
director of the University project through which a way has been
found to increase the height of rice stems without impairing
quality or yield, is shown with some of the rice plants grown at
the Botanical Gardens. This is perhaps the first rice ever growne
in Michigan.
PROF. GEORGE FISCHER
... industrialization an obsession
banization and standardization
and specialization. Because of
changes and innovations in all
aspects of life, human institutions
and individuals in the society ad-
just themselves, Prof. Fischer ex-
plained.
Describes U.S. Image
Our image of industrialization
is the development of industry in
England, which came to America
gradually, so that laissez-faire had
a chance to develop. We see this
development in the pale, dim past
and as the ideal development, he
said.
"In recent years we, the United
States, have watched Germany
and Japan industrialize. It was
abrupt, violent and incomplete.
The change took place under di-
rect government policy because
large parts of the population were
not prepared, socially, psychologi-
cally and religiously for the ma-
chine age "Thus follows extreme
dictators," Prof. Fischer said.
Need Central Control
The economic, political and cul-
tural jumps could only be handled
with a central control, he ex-
plained. "The Soviet development
can be explained more plausibly
with these aspects in mind."
Prof. Fischer declared that the
Russian Revolution succeeded be-
cause the revolutionary leaders
offered the quickest way to indus-
trialization.
"In effect this has' produced a
harsh, poor, unconfident society.
with a focus on the one single
goal of production, the professor
said.
WUOM To Air
UylA u-n. .
To study rice, however, one must
grow some in the research area.
This was simple when Prof. Kauf-
man worked with rice in the Sac-
ramento Valley as a doctoral stu-
dent at the University of Califor-
nia.But rice doesn't especially care
for Michigan's climate; so here
was Prof. Kaufman's first prob-
lem.
It was during the winter of 1956
that he and Prof. A. G. Norman,
director of the University botani-
cal Gardens, tried to grow rice in
the heated greenhouses at the
gardens. They obtained seed for
the experiment from Beaumont
Rice Experiment Station, Texas.
Rice Grows in Michigan
Nitrate fertilizers were tried
without success. Ammonium ferti-
lizers worked better and soon the
seeds germinated and began to
sprout and rice was grown in
Michigan perhaps for the first
time. Now .Dr. Kaufman's work
in growth development was ready
for a test.
He sprayed gibberellic acid-the
substance causing rice to grow too
rapidly-on the rice leaves at iari-
ous stages of development. Some
plants remained normal (short),
depending on when sprayed, and
others shot up with no apparent
loss of quality and yield. The an-
swer to adding height to rice stems
had been discovered.
It is now up to governmental
and agricultural 'agencies to put
the ideas to work. Already interest
has run high.
OVER PROTESTS:
Ask Study
On Loants
WASHINGTON () - The Sen-
ate called on the administration
yesterday for prompt study of a
U:roposed new international loan
agency to make long-term, low-
interest development loans re-
payable in "soft' currencies.
It adopted, 62-25, over the pro-
tests of Sens. Homer E. Cape-
bart (R-Ind.) and John W. Brick-
er (R-Ohio), a resolution recog-
nizing "the de.Irability of promot-
in; a greater degree of interna-'
tional development by means of
multilateral"'loans."
It calls on the United States
National Advisory Council to
study the feasibility of establish-
ing an International Development
Association as an affiliate of the
World Bank, which is limited to
making bankable loans repayable
in dollars.
The passage came after Cape-
hart assailed Eugene R. Black,
American president of the World
Bank, for endorsing the proposed
study in a letter to Sen. Prescott
Bush (R-Conn.), although he re-
fused to testify before a Senate
Interstate Commerce subcommit-
tee hearing on the proposal.
Agreement
To UN Talks
Conditional
Demands Invitation
of India, Arab Bloc
MOSCOW W) - Nikita Krsh-
chev last night snapped up the
Western proposal for a summit
conference on the Mideast within
the United Nations Security
Council.
He offered conditionally to at-
tend such a session in New York
and suggested that it start next
Monday.
This would be his first trip to
the Western Hemisphere.
The Soviet Premier - Commu-
nisms foremost traveling sales-
man - specified that his personal
participation depended on two
things:
Makes Conditions
1) Invitation of India's Prime
Minister Nehru and governments
of the Arab countries concerned
to take part in the discussion with
the 11 nations on the Security
Council.
2) Attendance by President
Dwight D.- Eisenhower, Britain's
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan
and France's Premier Charles de
Gaulle - the Western Big Three
whose approach to the Macmil-
lan-sponsored idea of a UN sum-
mit meeting lacks the unanimity
they usually show in dealings with
Russia.
Urges Quick Action
Urging speedy action, Khrush-
chev said, "We cannot afford to
belittle the danger of this dispute
because there are certain forces
which wish to widen the area of
aggression and which are plan-
ning a military attack on Iraq."
A revolution toppled Iraq's roy-
al pro-Western government July
14. Subsequently, American forces
landed in Lebanon and British
forces in Jordan at the request of
the Lebanon and Jordan govern-
ments.
Responds Rapidly
Khrushchev's response came
less than 24 hours after Macmil-
Ian, and Eisenhower - somewhat
less enthusiastically - proposed
the extraordinary Security Coun-
cil session in the big glass-walled
house overlooking New York's
East River.
Khrushchev's willingness to un-
dertake a history-making flight to
New York was announced in sep-
arate communications to Presi-
dent Eisenhower and Prime Min-
isters Macmillan of Britain, de
Gaulle of France and Nehru of
India.
Ike Refuses
To Conunent
On Conditions
WASHINGTON (JP) -President
Eisenhower held back any coi-
ment last night on Premier Nikita
Khrushchev's conditions for sum-
mit talks at the United Nations.
Many diplomatic officials were
convinced such talks would take
place.
A number, however,'voiced
strong doubts that any such par-
ley as Khrushchev proposed - to
begin Monday at UN headquarters
in New York City-could be ar-
ranged as quickly as that.
Ike Delays
Eisenhower deliberately delayed
any reaction overnight until Sec-
retary of State John Foster Dulles
and diplomatic officials put
Khrushchev's words under the
microscope - figuratively reading
the fine print for gimmicks.
The White House press secre-
tary, James C. Hagerty, gave no
indication when the United State's
reply to Khrushchev might be ex-
pected. He said he would be in his
office early today (7:30 a.m., EDT),
but gave no hint that a reply
might be made public at that time.
Forecast Jockeying
Some diplomatic sources forecast'
.
te-harngo te -roosl
If Khrushchev Visited U.S.
0@900
WASHINGTON (M) - Suppose a
summit conference was set up to
be held at the United Nations in
New York.
And suppose Nikita Khrushchev
did attend.
What kind of a reception would
he get from the United States
public? This is not an academic
question.
Thinking About Problem
Even though the chances for
holding such a conference in this
country appear to be slim, those
who would have the job of making
sure that Khrushchev would be
unharmed have been thinking
about their potential problem.
Their appraisal seems to be
reasonable: It would be the tough-
est task they have ever tackled.
other individuals, who may feel
they have a personal score to set-
tle with the Soviets. When you add
in the crackpots and the down-
right crazy, whose dreams of glory
often seem to include assassina-
tion, the protection job looks
formidable.
Formidable, but not impossible,
say those who would have to do it.
It's not usually understood how
much preparation must be made
for the visit of any distinguished
guest. Weeks of planning, charting,
and timing every move, dry runs,
fretting over traffic control, wor-
rying over what someone in a
large crowd might do, checks and
double checks.
Other Precautions
All this, and more, would be!
done if Khrushchev were to come
to this country.
A couple of things that might
be done to add to his protection:
Have him land at a military
airbase rather than at a commer-
cial airport. where crowds might
:" ::,