Sixty-Seventh Year
EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
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Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all reprints.
IRDAY, JULY 13, 1957
NIGHT EDITOR: VERNON NAHRGANG
Dearborn Center Plans
May Solve Problems
LHE AMBITIOUS planning for the Dearborn.
Center of the University indicates that
hie new two-year school may be the solution
o a number of problems.
As pointed out at yesterday's Regents meet-
ng, the school will, in addition to nearby
[enry Ford Community College, provide a
ouch-needed, competent and economical four-
ear college program for the growing Dearborn
rea.
Easily reached in short time from Dearborn
nd many parts of Detroit, and at the same
ime in a rather secluded area deep in the
rounds of Fair Lane, the Center will certainly
e a convenient and inspiring locale for study
nd research.
Economically, the men and women living in
Ie area unable to afford the costs of living
n Ann Arbor will find a new breaking down
f their barrier to higher education.
University will be held back a little - for at
least a short time.
Students with interests in special fields and
those finding it more convenient to live some
place other than Ann Arbor will turn to the
Dearborn Center for their studies.
EVEN MORE intriguing about the plans for
Dearborn Center is the concept of building
additional facilities as the funds are made
available - by other grants similar to last
December's $6,500,000 Ford Motor Company-
Ford Motor Fund gift to the University.
This, at any rate, was the hope expressed
yesterday.
But it seems to be a very logical and honor-
able hope, for where else is a state university to
turn for its building funds when a state legis-
lature does not meet its budget requests and
a student body is already paying an increased
tuition?
Industry can certainly be the answer.
--VERNON NAHRGANG
Editor
At the same time, as the Regents also made
ote of, the tide of rising enrollments at the
Inf lationl
[HE SERIES of events coming in the wake of
the recent pay raise to steel workers provides
n excellent example of inflation in action.
Following the wage increase, the steel in-
ustry announced that added labor costs would
wrce it to up prices at least six dollars per ton.
utomobile manufacturers are now claiming the
eel price will force them to charge from $25 to
100 more for their products next year.
,But what is the real process involved? The
act of the mattet is that United States Steel
ould easily have absorbed higher production
osts. Even a cursory glance at their own re-
ords and prospectus discloses that they could
ave had profits for the coming year greatly
xceeding any in the history of the company.
Much the same situation prevails throughout
he- industry. Yet the producers saw in the
igher wages an excuse to pick up an additional
iorsel of profit. In other words, it's a simple
ase of grabbing while you think your con-
umers will stand for it.
Even this, however, does not clearly explain
he fact that six dollars each, on at the most
wo tons of steel, means a $25 to $100 increase
n automobile prices. Nor is it likely that next'
in Action
year's models will be using from four to seven-
teen tons of steel.
WHAT ACTUALLY happens is a phenomenon
known as a. "compounding effect." This
happens when steel prices are raised, say by
5 per cent, the supplier of auto parts will like-
wise up his prices by 5 per cent (or as much as
the market will take) even though steel supplies
may be as little as 30 per cent of his costs.
Passed through several suppliers, the effect
begins to take on astronomical dimensions. It
goes without saying, moreover, that the auto-
mobile manufacturer himself also gets in a lick.
Yet to hear the businessman talk, inflation is
all a result of greedy labor unions. And perhaps
the most interesting twist in the whole plot
of the story is that the Eisenhower Administra-
tion has decided that the way to control this
inflation is tighter credit. This will make it
harder for the public to borrow the difference
between the increase in wages and the increase
in prices,, thus slowing up buying and con-
trolling inflation.
- We must, as Ike said, avoid such "odious"
nMeasures as price controls; they are, after all,
"restrictive of free enterprise."
--JOHN WOODRUFF
Today
and
Tomorrow
By WALTER LIPPMANN
ONCE AGAIN, as with the budg-
et, the President has let it be
kpown that he is not sure he is
fully in favor of a major measure
which has been put forward by
his administration. Indeed, in the
case of the civil rights bill, it ap-
pears that he has had a quite mis-
leading impression of what is in
it.
Thus, at his press conference on
July 3, he said in reply to a ques-
tion that while he is not a lawyer
and did not "participate in draw-
ing up the exact language of the
proposals," he did know "what the
objective was that I was seeking."
It was "to prevent anybody ille-
gally from interfering with any
individual's right to work if that
individu'al were qualified under the
proper laws o his state"
Protecting the right. of Negroes
to vte in elections for Federal of-
ficials is, in tact, the objective of
part IV of the bill but the objec-
tive of part III is to strengthen the
Federal power to enforce all the
civil rights laws, including the law
which calls for integration in the
public schools.
The President has certainly been
misled, in fact it is hard to see how
he can have read the bill, if he
thinks that it is directed solely,
or predominately, at securing and
protecting the right to vote.
For, as the text shows clearly,
the bill is a comprehensive meas-
ure for the better enforcement of
all these civil rights, which exist
in the laws but are in fact denied
or nullified in various parts of the
country.
THE PRESIDENT'S lack of un-
derstanding -of the bill enabled
Sen. Russell of Georgia to score
heavily when he charged tht the
gill was an "example of cunning
draughtsmanship," and that it
was promoted by a "campaign of
deception."
It certainly is puzzling to find
the President so inadequately in-
formed about the objectives of the
bill. But whatever the reason for
his misunderstanding, there has
been no cunning deception. The
text of the bill makes it quite ob-
vious that much more than the
right to vote is involved.
The Attorney General, Mr.
Brownell, during the hearings in
the House committee and in a
memorandum, dated April 9, 1956,
specifically included integration in
the public schools among the fed-
eral activities to be promoted by
the bill.
THERE IS no doubt, therefore,
that the objectives of the bill are
much wider than to secure and
protect the right to vote. This
raises great questions of principle
and of national policy.
For while the right of qualified
adults to vote and the right to
nave their children attend unseg-
regated schools are both civil
rights, there are important differ-
ences between the two kinds of
rights.
Sen. Russell himself recognized
this in his sr"ech of July 2 when
he said that "the American people
generally are opposed to any de-
nial of the right of ballot to any
qualified citizen" but that even
"outside the South there are ml-
llor~s of people who would not ap-
prove" of the use of force to com-
pel integration.
In principle, it is the duty of the
Federal government to use its le-
gal powers to secure and protect
the right to vote. But to promote
integration it is its duty to use
persuasion in order to win consent.
The two objectives-voting and
integration - ought not to be
lumped together, and the wise
thing to do now would be to ac-
cept an amendment to the bill
which separates them.
NO DOUBT there would still be
a die-hard opposition in the deep
South. But 'a bill which did only
what the President thinks that this
bill does, would be much harder
to defeat. It would be hard to fili-
buster against it for any long time.
For there are indeed millions cf
Americans outside the South who
think that it is high time that the
right to vote was respected.
They do not think, however,
that integration in the public
schools can be or should be en-
forced more rapidly than local
sentiment will accept it.
Insofar as the right of South-
ern Negroes to vote can be se-
cured and protected, they will ac-
quire powerful means for estab-
lishing all their rights. I am not
sure whether Sen. Russell's re-
marks, which are quoted above,
really mean that Southerners of
his eminence are now prepared to
concede the right to vote.
But if they do mean that, they
mark a very great advance for the
cause of civil rights.
A disfranchised minority is po-
litically helpless. Let it acquire
the right to vote, and it will be
"It's Not That We Like You Less -"
- ~*'-
4/
S, /
CONTEMPT TRIALS:
History of a Witness
Washington
Merry-
47o-
Bounda
A Weather Note
WEDNESDAY afternoon we had planned to
go to Silver Lake. Through Monday and
Tuesday we looked forward with enthusiasm to
what we hoped would be a relaxing afternoon
at' the beach.
To make sure all was okay weather-wise, we
turned on a Detroit station sometime around
midnight Tuesday. Wednesday afternoon, we
were promised, would be sunny and mild. Fine,
we thought, just right for the beach.
Having some studying to do, we burned good
ole electric watts and also kept the radio playing
softly in the background. Handles of the clock
approached 2 a.m. and soon it was time for "a
comprehensive report on early morning news."
This, our announcer said, would include the
weather and ball scores.
As there was only one ballgame the previous
afternoon, we weren't too concerned with the
sports news, especially since the game was in
that other league. And, we figured that we
knew the weather..
Imagine our amazement when in a soft, com-
forting voice the'announcer said, "There's been
a change in predictions for this afternoon..
Thunderstorms are forecast.
Thoroughly disappointed, we retired.
WHEN WE woke up, however, the sun was
shining and only a few of those tradi-
tionally lazy clouds were traditionally wafting
across the traditionally blue skies. to, because
we had believed the second weather report and
changed the setting on our clock-radio, we
missed the afternoon at the beach. .
Now an afternoon at the beach isn't tre-
mendously important. But other things planned
around weather conditions are. Thus we won-
dered why the thunderstorms predicted for
Wednesday afternoon and those predicted for
yesterday afternoon never came.
We wondered, too, whether those 'claims of
85% accuracy in all predictions by the weather
bureau are realistic. They certainly don't seem
so.
-RENE GNAM
By EDMOND LEBRETON
WASHINGTON UP) - There has
been talk, inspired by a recent
Supreme Court decision, of resum-
ing trials by the House or Senate
of witnesses who balk at questions
from investigating committees.
But if Congress ever seriously
considers taking over this job-in
recent years left to the courts-
some member with a long memory
is sure to remind it of the roar of
laughter that swept the country in
1934.
That year saw the last trial for
contempt at the bar of the Senate.
But first the American public,
sated with reading of depression at
home and Hitler abroad, whooped
with delight at the spectacle of a
nimble lawyer and a swallowtail-
coated Senate sergeant - at -,arms
pursuing each other through the
capital's better-known landmarks.
After the Senate won its point
and ordered two prominent citizens
to jail for 10 days each, the Su-
preme Court declined to interfere.
Ironically, it is another decision
of the Supreme Court-on some-
what different grounds-that now
has some senators and House
members talking of resuming trials
with the aggrieved 1 a w m a k e r s
themselves as judge and jury.
* * *
IT WAS the great air mail con-
tract controversy of 1934 that led
to the Senate's extraordinary pro-
cedure.
The Senate set up a special com-
mittee to investigate.
Among those told to come with
all pertinent papers were several
air line executives and their attor-
nye, William P. MacCracken Jr.
Between Jan. 31, when Mac-
Cracken got his subpoena, and
Feb. 6, when he first appeared, la-
den with papers and marshalled
by a sergeant-at-arms, Chesley W.
Jurney, some of the documents
were taken out of the attorney's
files.
MacCracken contended through-
out he complied as, fully as he
could with the Senate's orders. He
said if any air mail documents
pertinent to the inquiry were taken
out it was by inadvertence.
* * *
ULT SENATORS spoke darkly of
files .stripped and burned. Mac-
Cracken and three clients were
cited for contempt of the Senate.
The duty of arresting Mac-
Cracken fell to Jurney, who wore
a working uniform of swallowtail
coat, striped trousers, 10-gallon
hat, red carnation in buttonhole
and silver-headed cane in hand.
For several days he hunted Mac-
Cracken . with a Senate warrant.
Then abruptly the roles were re-
versed.
MacCracken decided it would be
best to be arrested by the Senate,
then have a court take him out of
Senate custody yith a writ of ha-
beas corpus.
MacCracken tried to persuade
Jurney to arrest him in the clerk's
office at the District of Columbia
courthouse, described afterwards as
"a comfortable public office where
any gentleman could be arrested
with dignity."
J u r n e y, understandably con-
fused, consulted his Senate super-
iors, who apparently smelled a rat.
So he declined to arrest Mac-
Cracken.
* * *
BUT MacCRACKEN was persist-
ent. He showed up at Jurney's
home on Saturday, Feb. 10, de-
manding to be arrested.
Jurney said no, and MacCracken
said he was moving lift Jurney
hospitably set up a cot in the living
room and MacCracken's attorney
sent in a pair of sky blue pajamas,
a tooth brush and other necessities.
The District of Columbia court
meanwhile issued a writ and law-
yers began wrangling as to wheth-
er MacCracken was or wasn't un-
der arrest.
Jurney and his prisoner-or-guest
took a walk together the next day
and Jurney gave MacCracken the
slip, leaving hat, coat and silver-
headed cane behind to throw the
attorney off the track.
This action was described by
MacCracken's lawyer as "establish-
ing the first legal precedent of a
prisoner released by the flight of
an arresting officer."
* * *
BUT CONGRESS could not let
such divertissements go on forever.
Jurney on Monday was author-
ized to arrest MacCracken, who
finally was haled before the bar of
a dead serious Senate.
It heard the case and deliberated
5% hours before voting, 64-20, that.
MacCracken was guilty of con-
tempt.,
Meanwhile, three of the attor-
ney's clients also had been tried
by the Senate for contempt, but
only one, L. H. Brittin, former
vice-president of Northwest Air-
ways, was convicted.
MacCracken and Brittin were
sentenced to 10 days in jail each.
Brittin, saying he was too broke
to fight any longer, did his time
immediately. MacCracken appeal-
ed, but the Supreme Court even-
tually upheld the Senate's right to
try him.
* * *
MacCRACKEN served his sen-
tence in 1935, leaving behind hif
at the District of Columbia jail a
reputation as a superior bridge
player.
Throughout the proceedings, he
had remained on personally
friendly terms not only with Jur-
ney, but with the head of the spe-
cial Senate investigating commit-
tee, the man who made the motion
for his arrest, Sen. Hugo L. Black
of Alabama.
MacCracken is still 'a practicing
attorney in Washington. Black is
now Justice Black of the Supreme
Court-a member of the majority
which rendered the decision last
month decelaring witnesses before
congressional committees must be
told plainly how the questions put
to them are legislatively pertinent.
By DREW PEARSON
W ASHINGTON - President Ei-
senhower blinked when Bill
Knowland of California, Senate
GOP leader, reported at the last
White House strategy meeting:
"The filibuster against civil rights,
conceivably could keep Congress in
session until October. Those south.
erners are awfully smart parlia-
mentarians. They know every de-
laying tactic in the book."
Knowland strongly indicated,
however, that he would be ready to
discuss a "compromise" to prevent
a prolonged filibuster which would
tie up appropriation bills and oth-
er important legislation.
"But the only compromise I
would accept," he added, "would
be an assurance from the Demo-
cratic leadership that the Civil
Rights measure would be put on
the Senate calendar for debate
on a specific date next January."
"In the event of a long filibus-
ter," inquired the President, "what
happens to the rest of our pro-
gram-the school bill, the OTO
(extension of reciprocal trade),
the postal rate - increase and so
on?"
"I guess it would have to be put
on the shelf until the next session
of Congress," replied Knowland.
Eisenhower said he hoped this
wouldln't happen. Once again he
stressed his hope for action on the
school construction bill. Republi-
can leaders nodded without com-
ment. They consider the school
bill virtually a dead duck, not be-
cause of the civil rights filibuster,
but because of the U.S. Chamber
of Commerce.
NOT LONG ago when the House
passed the Civil Rights Bill, the
President heartily congratulated
House GOP leaders Joe Martin
and Charlie Halleck. He said it
was an excellent measure. But at
this week's White House meeting,
he seemed to be getting cold feet.
"I'm a little concerned about
Section 3 of the bill," he told Re-
publican leaders. "Senator Russell
of Georgia has objected that it
may open the door to the use of
troops. Nobody wants that. I'm
sure I don't. I hope the Senate
will carefully look over this section
and make any changes that may
be necessary."
There was a chuckle when Sen-
ator Knowland suggested that the
President should not let the Sen-
ate filibuster interfere with his
"vacation plans."
"I'm giving the House some
time off during the filibuster," re-
ported the Californian. "Its mem-
bers will be taking a recess while
we are working in the Senate."
"In that case," interposed ex-
speaker Joe Martin, "why don't
you come along with us, Mr. Pres-
ident? While the Senate talks, you
might as well be 'carrying on the
routine business of the White
House in Newport!"
The President happily agreed.
* * *k
EX-SENATOR Bill Benton of
Connecticut was surprised, while
attending the Truman Library
dedication, to see a. letter of his
framed as one of the library's ex-
hibits.
It was a letter he had written,
as a senator, to President Trurman
stating that his hearings on Civil
Rights had convinced him that the
President of the United States had
the power to enforce fair employ-
ment practices on all government
contracts immediately and with-
out the passage of a law by Con-
gress.
Under his now framed letter,
Benton noticed a note scribbled in
Truman's own handwriting, ad-
dressed to Charles Murphy, the
White House counsel, which said:
"Please prepare an order to carry
this out. HST."
Next to the letter was an ex-
planatory note. by the Truman. li-
brarian explaining that this i1-
lustrated the manner in which",
presidential orders sometimes, or-
iginated.
It was the first time Senator
Benton had known that he origi-
nated enforcement of fair employ-
ment practices on government
contracts.
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc,)
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily Official Bulletin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michi-
gan Daily assumes no editorial re-
sponsibility. Notices should be sent
in TYPEWRITTEN form to ROOM
3519 Administration Building, be-
fore 2p. the day preceding'
publiation. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1957
VOL. LXVIII, NO. 14
General Notices
Exhibition of Art by French children
V
I.
,
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
The Russian Creed
{
NEW DETECTIVE BOOKS:
'True Tales' Drawn from Life
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press News Analyst
N IKITA KHRUSHCHEV'S appeal to "let us
stop considering each other as enemies and
try and get on" sounds fine - except for Rus-
sia's addiction to the theory of world revolu-
tion.
Khrushchev is still trying to make every-
body believe that Russia is prepared to con-
fine herself to nonbelligerent competition for
the minds of men.
Yet Russia continues to violate, throughout
tge world, the principle embodied in the Ameri-
can diplomatic recognition treaty of 1932 -
that she should not interfere in the internal
affairs of other countries.
And she continues to live by a creed which
Editorial Staff
VERNON NAHRGANG, Editor
JOHN HILLYER .. *.,.....Sports Editor
RENE GNAM.... .........,..........Night Editor
Busies S f
holds-that revolution must be imposed by force.
Even while talking of coexistence and peace-
ful competition between systems, Khrushchev .
threatens to break the bones of any satellite
whose people act as Hungary's people acted
last fall.
As long as Russia threatens free peoples with
force, as long as she keeps small nations' in
jail, she will be considered an enemy by all
subscribers to the principle of liberty.
As for some of his other sayings in Czecho-
slovakia, Khrushchev assumes the guise of a
lout rather than a barbarian.
When he talks about the possibilities of a
loveless marriage between Russia and the West.
he displays a profound ignorance of American
sensibilities. Loveless marriages are a product
of the old world.
They violate American sentiment. Especially
when they take place for the purpose of en-
hancing the power of some ruling family, such
as the Kremlin hierarchy.
New ooks cit the Library
Carmichael, Leonard. Basic Psychology: A
Study of the Modern Healthy Mind. N.Y., Ran-
4ram Hiap 19r57
True Tales From the Annals of
Crime and Rascality, by St. Clair
McKelway. Random House.
With detective literature, as
with other genres, something new
is always something notable. St.
Clair McKelway's paperbacked
collection of "True Tales from the
Annals of Crime and Rascality"
is a case in point: something a
little iiffurent and, in this in-
-.*or.ce, hi'o', y entertaining. "True
Tales" (which really are true
tales) have been selected from the
imaginatively handled "sketches
of rascality" which the author has
been contributing to the "New
Yorker" magazine ever since 1933.
There are an even dozen of these
colorful narratives included in the
present collection, and they sport
intriguing titles like "The Wily
Wilby" (wily indeed!), about an
embezzler extraordinaire; "Place
and Leave With". an account of
orities tried in vain to trace down
the source of the old man's incre-
dibly unartistic one dollar bills-
legal tender which bore the like-
ness of one of our presidents with
the caption "Wahsington" etched
below.
To attempt to describe the de-
lightful style of St. Clair McKel-
way would be to set out to enu-
merate the charms of plum pud-
ding. The proof's in the reading-
and only the timid need further
enticement.
Give the Devil His Due, by Peter
Graaf. Mill-Morrow.
This novel introduces a new de-
tective and a new writer, both fol-
lowers in good standing of the
"hard-boiled" tradition. What is
fresh and interesting, however, in
the author's approach is that his
detective Joe Dust is a Brooklyn-
ite who's settled down in England
to onerate his nwn nrivate detec-
just after they meet turns a rou-
tine lost person assignment into
a fast-paced adventure in and
around London.
Peter Graaf has a good first
novel with more of the feel and
the philosophy of the hard-boiled
genre than many of the old pros
get into their stories. Joe Dust's
first adventure is a real success.
This reviewer, for one, hopes he's
not kept idle in the little west end
London office of the Medea Bu-
reau of Missing Persons.
Tall, Dark .and Deadly, by Har-
old Q. Masur. Simon & Schuster.
In this novel, author Masur
writes a semi-hard-boiled type
story strictly by the book. In this
new Scott Jordan exploit treating
the fraudulent divorce racket, Ma-
sur has lip service paid to a num-
ber of the conventions of the hard-
boiled school of detection (the de-
licious dish and the colorful cyni-
icI a m, ii t ,. Prminf +a tem
,.
.ill