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EDITED AND MANAGED BY STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
UNDER AUTHORITY OF BOARD IN CONTROL OF STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS BLDG. * ANN ARBOR, MICH. * Phone NO 2-3241
"When Optnions Are totee
Truth wU Prevaul
Editorials printed in The Michigan Daily express the individual opinions of staff writers or
the editors. This must be noted in all refprints.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 26, 1957 NIGHT EDITOR: RENE GNAM
Concern With Atomic Tests
Merely Seasonal Activity
W ITH THE seasonal series of atomic weapons that there can never be a solution to it with-
tests has come an equally seasonal flurry out a violent reappraisal and reorganization
of activity directed to improving, regulating of beliefs on the part of today's hostile nations.
and halting those tests. There is not even the real cooperation and
Now that last November's political manoeu- trust today to make the United Nations a truly
vers have been at least temporarily subdued, effective organization-although, to be sure,
politicians in both corners can be more sincere it accomplishes many important things.
with the public and slightly less tied down to
the opposite of what their opponent said first. UNFORTUNATELY, all this conflict is re-
Scientists, too, are now able to make more flected within our own borders. For some
sincere efforts toward solving the radiation time, scientists found it embarrassing to favor
problems with which the world is most con- anti-atom-weapons-tests ideas simply because
cerned. Moreover, these scientists are making Stevenson proposed a halt to tests and Eisen-
achievements, both in improving atomic and hower did not.
hydrogen weapons for tactical warfare, and Yet everyone may feel comfort in remember-
more important, in solving some of the radia- ing that the present activity is only seasonal;
tion problems.ithtothe end thery"ol prob,
At the same time, statesmen are engaged it will soon fade behind other "world prob-
in the usual fruitless negotiating over ways lems" as the schedule of atom tests thins out
and means of halting the very tests on which for the season.
their countries are working so hard. Then talk of humanitarian considerations
will also be shoved aside for another year, left
THERE CAN BE little real doubt about what to gather dust while statesmen and politicians
the world actually wants: an end to atomic turn to more weighty problems and scientists
and hydrogen tests and weapons, an end to begin work in new testing laboratories.
the endless arms races that keep some nations Indeed, the attitudes of scientists and poli-
constantly fearful of their closest neighbors. ticians within the country are just like those
The problem, of course, is how to accomplish of statesmen between countries. A greater
this peacefully and orderly and permanently attempt at cooperation would prove much more
in a world worn with mistrust and violently rewarding.
conflicting ideologies. -VERNON NAHRGANG
But the very nature of this problem is such Editor
Security Recommendations Poor
T ORDER TO HALT "leaks" of secret infor- to federal projects such as the Tennessee Valley
mation, the 12-man Commission on Govern. Authority, emergency relief funds, budgetary
ment Security has recommended that Congress problems, policy decisions. In all these areas,
make it a crime for newsmen and other private as in most other areas, the public has a right
citizens to disclose such information even if to know what's going on, and this knowledge
they had no intent to harm the national cannot be conceived of as endangering national
interest. security.
The Commission further recommended that
a maximum penalty of five years imprisonment RIGHT OF PRIVACY is another American
and a $10,000 fine be imposed on individuals doctrine which the Commission would re-
publishing or passing such information. In duce to a meaningless term. The Commission
addition, the report hinted that newsmen had suggests that legalizing wiretap evidence in
been "stealing" secret information, cases involving national security would be good
Two areas of major importance and concern for the country, but it seems to overlook the
are involved in the Commission's recommenda- fact that once such a recommendation be-
tions: the public's right to know and right of comes law, the police, government officials,
privacy, or any citizen would have the legal right to
wiretap any conversation. There would be no
T E FIRST Amendment to the Constitution privacy on the telephone.
says no laws shall be passed by Congress As for the implications of stolen informa-
restricting freedom of the press. This refutes tion, the Commission should first determine
the Commisson's recommendations. The how such information is received. A reporter
Amendment was passed in recognition that does not break windows or break locks on safes
people of a democracy must be informed of to get his information. The usual procedure
government proceedings, everyday occurrences, followed by capitol newsmen when they need
news events, and other happenings of national restricted information is to contact a Congress-
concern. man or two with whom they have established
This is. a necessity if the people, who ideally considerable confidence and rapport.
are the ultimate authority, are to make intelli- Often these Congressmen are only too happy
gent, well-founded decisions at the polls and to provide the needed information, and, on
if they are to have sound opinions on and occasion, it is the Congressmen who contact
understanding of government. The Commission the newsmen and offer information. Yes, these
on Government Security would restrict and/or are 'leaks," but it is seldom that such "leaks"
abolish this right, provide newsmen with information deemed of
There are, to be sure, special instances when primaroy concern to national security, and were
it would not be 'safe" for the public to have such information "leaked" it is the rare news-
certain information. Such an instance involves paperman who would submit it for publication.
data on military matters. But this does not Ike's Commission on Government Security
appear to be the major concern of the Com- has issued a blanket indictment of the Ameri-
mission. can press. This could conceivably result in legis-
All indications are that Ike's Commission is lation which might blot out access to even
worried about publication of information re- non-sensitive information.
garding the almost innumerable Congressional The Commission's recommendations should
committees having "secret" files. Contents of be discarded.
these files? Dates, names, and events pertaining -RENE GNAM
INTERPRETING THE NEWS:
I Ike and the Governors
Today
and
Tomorrow '
By WALTER LIPPMANN
AT THE TWO ends of the Com-
munist world, in Poland and in
China, the same question has now
been posed. Is it right or is it
wrong, is it wise or is it unwise,
to open up intercourse through
the Iron Curtain? With Poland we
have decided to open It up, and
have gone so far as to negotiate
an agreement to furnish economic
aid. In China, our policy is still
one of non-intercourse, and for
our part to maintain an embargo
and a boycott.
But in this we are now alone
among the leading powers of the
world. In fact, the President has
said that personally, though not
yet as President, he was in favor
of at least some freedom of trade
with China.
There are in all this two main
schools of thought. The one holds
that rather than open up we
should close down, that the best
way to deal with Communist
states is, as nearly as it is possible
to do so, to put them in quaran-
tine.
The less contact with Com-
mfunist regimes, the better. Inso-
far as there is trade, it is the Com-
munists who benefit. Insofar as
there is diplomatic and cultural
intercourse, it is the Communists
who will seduce and subvert the
non-Communists.
THE OTHER school holds that
Russia and China, instead of being
weakened, grow stronger in the
long run insofar as they are
quarantined. The real effect of the
trade restrictions and the em-
bargoes has been equivalent to
erecting around them an enor-
mously high tariff wall which
compels them to develop their own
industries and to make themselves
self-sufficient.
This is costly. But once the
price has been paid, the quaran-
tined country is in a very strong
position.
We contend also that while an
embargo on the China trade does
slow up somewhat the industriali-
zation of China, it does not slow
it up very much. On the other
hand, whatever good that slowing
up does, it is more than offset by
leaving China with no alternative
except to lean wholly upon the
Soviet Union.
It is important to say, I think,
that neither policy, that of re-
striction or of openness, will have
quick or dramatic results. Re-
strictions and embargoes may
have troubled the Russians and
the Chinese. But the Communist
power in the world continues to
grow. It has not declined.
On the other hand, we must not
expect that opening up trade and
cultural exchanges will have the
kind of spectacular results which
the Vice-president, in his other-
wise excellent speech on Polish
aid, seemed to mean when he
spoke of "the explosive power of
freedom."
What we might hope for is an
attrition through exposure to
freedom, a gradual wearing down
of the totalitarian character of
the Polish regime, and the heal-
ing effects of more light and more
air.
1957 New York Herald Tribune Inc.
I
"Anybody Tihiiik Tlhis Road Is Too Steep?"
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WashEington
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By DREW PEARSON
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AT THE MICHIGAN:
'Young Strangr Poses ema
ORR0 TOR''T OBS02 7G
disbe-
WASHINGTON -- A Colorado
W official who waited two
months without an answer from
Sen. Dennis Chavez (D., N.M.) has
finally learned why Chavez didn't
answer his letter. It's probably the
greatcst postal merry-go-round In
Summerfiel htstory.
The state cificial, Ival V. Gos-
lin, of the Upper Colorado River
Commission, had written March
12, asking permission to testify be-
fore Chavez .ublic wo s om-
imuee on a bill to create a federal
outdoor recreation commission.
Two months later, Goslin's bad-
ly battered letter finally turned
up on the desk of Sen. James E.
Merray (D,, Mont.) one m.nute
after Murray had convened the
hearing.
Here's what had happened to
Goslin's two-month-old letter:
1 - It arrived in Chavez' office
on March 19, was then forwarded
tia the Senate post office to Mur-
ray. whose interior committee had
been assigned the bill.
2 - By mistake, the Senate
post office sent the letter to for-
mer Illinois congressman James
C. Murray in Chicago.
3 - Realizing the error, the ex-
congressman marked the envelope
fo. return to Senator Jm'cs E.
Murray of Montana at the U S.
Capitol in Washington. But in
some mysterious way it wound up
in the Montana state capitol in
Helena.
4 - The state capitol read-
dressed it to the U.S. Capitol in
Washington, but by error wrote
-congressman' James E. Murray
instead of "senator."
5 - For the second time, the
senate post office in Washington
sent the letter to ex-Illinois con-
gressman Murray in Chicago.
6 - Ex-congressman Murray
again readdressed the envelope to
Senator Murray in Washington,
But for the third time the senate
post office returned it to ex-con-
gressman Murray in Chicago.
7 - Finally ex-congressman
Murray made sure that the let-
ter would get to the senator. He
placed the letter in a new envelope
and addressed it to Senator James
E. Murray, Room 111, Senate Of-
fice Building, Washington, D.C.
Senator Murray finally got It
on May 15 - two months after it
was written, and just one minute
after the hearing at which noslin
wanted to testify had begun,
REPUBLICAN senators aren't
advertising it, but before they de-
cided to reprove Sen. Wayne
Morse of Oregon for comparing
President Eisenhower with Dave
Beck, they hld a policy commit-
tee meeting. The White House had
phoned to ask that Morse be an-
swered, and leading GOP senators
met to decide what to do.
Among others, they queried
Sen. Alexander Wiley of Wiscon-
sin, stanch supporter of Ike's for-
eign policy.
"Do you think I'm crazy?" re-
plied Wiley, when it was suggested
that he make a speech. "You're a
bunch of jackasses. You're ust
giving Morse an opening. He'll
hang this right around your
neck."
True to Wiley's prediction,
Morse has now scheduled one full-
dress senate speech a week on
"The Morality of the Eisenhower
Administration."
(Copyright 1957 by Bell Syndicate Inc)
#<
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JUVENILE delinquency, its
causes and its effects, has in
recent years provided ample sub-
ject material for several powerf it
motion pictures. Such films as
"Rebel Without a Cause" and
"Blackboard Jungle" seem to ex-
pose a pitiful weakness in the
highly praised ;et of sociological
principles that we call tne Ameri-
can Way of Life.
"The Young Stranger," the
movie eurrently playing at the
Michigan, successfully contributes
its two cents to the rich fund of
popular theoies about the "teen-
age probl, +m."
Who kfluws how delinquency
arises ) Some claim society at
large is the culprit, some prefer
to blame the school system or the
church. "The Young Stranger," in
its turn, seems to imply that the
basic lack or fault in the matter
may be found instead within the
family and the home. The hypo-
thesis is u r one, bit it is,
neverthelt ss, refreshingy treated
here and finally made pj.iy fully
plausible.
* $ *
THE STORY concerns, of
course, a boy, his family, and the
police. The boy (James MacAr-
thur) hits a pompous theater op-
erator as he is being thrown out
of a show foramaking uncalled for
remarks to a gentleman in the
row ahead of him. Angered, and
tletrmined to make ani example
out, of young MacArthur, the
manager decides to press assault
and battery charges against the
boy and galls the police.
MacArthur pleads self defense,
but no one believes him. Treated
s a h~OtL: an. he decides to act
like one, thereby incur ro the
animosity of iflN everyone con-
cerned.
His father, an eminently suc-
cessful movie producer, refuses
even to lI". to his son's side
of the story and punishes h ft fr
telling i truth
The charges are dropped; the
father has too much money, too
much presic to allow his son
to be punished by the law. It
take- a family crisis, seeral out-
bursts of temper, and eventually
another black eye to clear the boy
and to sl-ow" the father ve weak-
nsses in his own perspective.
TE 1OVIF is a good one.
Competent acting is evident in-
stead of merely present. James
MacArtiur, the son of actress
HelenHayes, does a especially
notable job a nd aes to have
ineirited sen of l mother's
inimitable abjihy to crtare the
sympathies of the a. ,cnce,.
His performancei 1 almost al-
ways convincing a the usual
gap between . crecn aColescents
and the more or 's aolescenc
occupants of the theater seats is
rarrower than one 1-i texpect.
Only in the last iew rmn ttes does
emotion become cloyinrgand in a
movie concerned with family as
wvell as sociacl r,'laticraslups, n
is perhaps forva.Ie
It ishard frar os everyone
to realize honesty rray ,ometimes
be pounished whi le cshopesty
pronises a reward. Euc., the boy
is the movie., tries to pi his no-
tions of right .d rng against
the world imd is r, er for his
,rouble only i u:t and
lief.
, , I
His relationship Il his father
hinges on his honesty but the
man, too busy to kr ew his son,
merely counters the boy's plea for
belief with an act oi* dishonesty
on his own part: the iranipulation
of the law.
A teenager can hardly be held
responsible for the mistakes of
is parents. Parents in their turn,
however, can conceivably be
caught in a web of social values
that is not their own creation.
-Jean Willoughby
DAILY
OFFICIAL
BULLETIN
The Daily official &illetin is an
official publication of the University
of Michigan for which the Michi-
gan Daily assumes no editorial re-
sponsibility. Notices should be sent
in TYPEWRITTEN form to Room
3519 Administration Building, be-
fore 2 p.m. the day preceding
publication. Notices for Sunday
Daily due at 2:00 p.m. Friday.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 26, 1957
VOL. LXVII, NO. 2
General Notices
Ia'gistration of Social Events:
Social events sponsored by student
organizations at which both men and
women are to be{ present must be ap-
proved by the Office of Student Af-
fairs. Application forms and a copy of
regulations governing these events may
be secured in the Office of Student Af-
fairs, 2011 Student Activities Building.
(Continued on Page 4)
4
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ASKS RESEARCH ON 'OKINAWAN SITUATION':
Editor Urges Change in U.S.-Ja pan Security Agreement
By J. M. ROBERTS
Associated Press, News Analyst
EVER SINCE he has been in office President
Eisenhower has been nibbling at the idea of
decentralization of government.
Now he wants the states and the federal
government to- cooperate in a study of ways to
divide responsibility and authority to eliminate
expensive dual activities.
The President thinks the states should re-
sume full handling of some services in which
the federal government now shares, and so
eliminate some of the double overhead involved.
Toward this end, he would have Congress
relinquish to the states certain fields of taxa-
tion.
The Governors' Conference at which the
President broached the subject Monday ex-
pressed little immediate enthusiasm.
Editorial Staff
VERNON NAHRGANG, Editor
JOHN HILLYER ..... .. ..Sports Editor
R~ENE ONAM ..................... Night Editor
The states, in the last 25 years, have become
accustomed to calling on Washington for al-
most anything they want. They help set up
"mathing" programs, under which both stte
and federal government raise money and estab-
lish bureaus for handling it.
Everybody pays, and in the long run it is
some relatively small pressure group which
gets most of the benefits.
President Eisenhower thinks federal over-
head on such programs could be cut more than
state taxes would have to be raised if dupli-
cation of effort could be eliminated.
He thinks it would enhance the chances of
reduced federal taxes.
He also put it into the field of a return to
the exercise of states rights.
After thinking it over, the governors put
aside some of their original coolness. Recogniz-
ing the popular appeal of such an approach,
they gave signs of going along, at least to the
point of cooperating in the suggested study.
It's going to be a very interesting thing,
however, to watch a state-federal task force
trying to get Congress to relinquish any tax
field into which it has entered.
New Books at the Library
Editor's Note: The following article
is a plea for further research into
what its author calls the "Okinawan
situation." Tatsuro Kuinugi is editor
of the Tokyo University News, the
leading Jap anese student-faculty
weekly newspaper. He will study next
year in America tinder the Foreign
student Leadership Project.)
By TATSURO KUNUGI
Editor, Tokyo University News
OKYO -- Recently many criti-
cisms urging revision of the
United States-Japan Security
Agreement have been seen in vari-
ous newspapers and magazines. A
nationwide movement for a revi-
sion has gradually been formed.
As to jurisdiction on Okinawa,
most critics or citizens of Japan
insist there are some disputable
and ambiguous points in the Peace
Treaty as well as in the Agree-
ment and that, in the light of'
such confusion, jurisdiction should
be returned to the Japanese gov-
ernment.
How ever, from the tenor of argu-
ments heard in Japan, the Ryu-
kyuans' desire concerning a re-
turn of jurisdiction and eventu-
ally a return of Okinawa itself, to
Japan seems to us auite different
in character. Their desire is a seri-
ous one.
Very often we have the opper -
tunity to meet Ryukyu University
graduates and students who visited
Although about 95 per cent of
the school budget is accounted for
by the educational branch of the
Ryukyu government - as a part
of the national budget-the school
administration is actually con-
trolled by the American Civil Gov-
ernment through the defense de-
partment.
The Civil Government dominates
the University Board of Directors,
which is responsible for school
administration.
A study of the Second Ryukyu
University Event of last year shows
how American Civil Government
controls the school.
The only reason given for the
expulsion of students at that time
-that a July 27 student demon-
stration and an Aug. 8 student
conference both had anti-Ameri-
can atmospheres -- was neither
valid nor adequate.
What is most important is the
method by which students were
expelled.
On Aug. 10, by a Board of
Directors decision, several students
were put on good behavior. After
this announcement was made
known, it was announced that six
students were to be expelled and
one put on good behavior - be-
cause the Deputy Governor did not
approve of the lighter punish-
ment.
We emphasize this point because
we are afraid that a partial return
cannot be the first effective step
for the total return. It would
check any national movement for
total return by giving the people
the impression of a "best possible"
conciliation for the time being.
* * *
RECENTLY Professor Michitaka
Kaino proposed a study movement
to learn the provisions of the
Agreement and Treaty.
We propose a national move-
ment to study the real situation
in Okinawa. We should study and
judge ourselves whether the Ryu-
kyuans enjoy "more freedom than
we may imaginc."
In proposing this, we have no
intention of <_itating anti-Ameri-
can feeling. It is our desire only
to obtain sincere and objective re-
search cf ti-. real situation, there-
by brining it to the attention of
other nations and caus'ne the
American c:v rnment to change
its Okinawan r-clicy.
The Okinawan Problems Re-
search Preparatory Committee has
been established in America chief-
ly by virtue of work done by the
YMCA, YWCA, Civil Liberties
Union and USNSA.
However, the movement in the
United States does not seem to be
STUDENTS DEMONSTRATE-Nearly 20,000 participated in this
recent demonstration protest against Christmas Island H-bomb
tests. Japan's university and college students number about 560,000.
r
been withdrawn. Consequently,
student government and club ac-
tivities are all illcal: but nowa-
days the school authority has been
tacitly permitting the sparse stu-
dent activities.
Other suppression saw the Ry-
dai Bungaku Ryukyu Literature),
Ryukyu's ony literary magazine,
virtually barmd twice for non-
sensic;I reasons
As Prof Ichiro Kato of Tokyo
which aggravate the eonomic situ-
ation and direct and indirect con-
trol of freedom actually exist, the
situation would never be funda-
mentally improved: We cannot
hope for more academic freedom.
We rrongly urge Prime Minister
'(hi ta visitor to America) to
nE gotiate for total return of all
Ohnaw an afm ristrative rights
to the Japanese.
We census e recent compromising
i