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DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
I
I
I i
Egypt --Metamorphosis of Government
By WARREN BENNETT
AP Newsfeatures Staff Writer
Egypt, the world's newest re-
public, is a fabulous land that was
the earliest empire of the ancient
world.
Its Nile valley is one of the cra-
dles of western civilization but few
counrties have suffered more, reck-
oned in terms of human life, from
misgovernment. In modern times,
Egypt has been notable for the
vast disparity between the riches
of its rulers and the poverty of its
people.
The first president of the new
Republic of Egypt is Premier Maj.
Gen. Mohammed Naguib, "strong
man" of the army revolt a year
ago this month which forced Fa-
rouk to abdicate. On June 18, Nag-
uib ended the regency for Farouk's
infant son Fuad II with the proc-
lamation of the republic.
EGYPT'S politcal history began
about 3,400 BC with consolidation
of the whole Nile valley by King
Menes who made his capital at
Memphis in Lower Egypt. This an-
cient city vanished and through
the ages Egypt has had a number
of other capitals: Thebes, Alexan-
dria and now Cairo.
The story of Egypt is largely
the story of the Nile, second
longest river in the world. It is
surpassed only by the Mississip-
pi-Missouri in the United States.
In the fantastically fertile Nile
valley, fertilized each year by
the overflowing river, clustered
the ancient cities, temples and
pyramids of the Egyptian dynas-
ties. The desert's dry air has
kept most of these ancient relics
in a remarkable state of preser-
vation.
To fully appreciate the import-
ance of the Nile, examine the ac-
companying inset map. The Nileis
the only break in the vast Sahara
Desert which lays waste to most of
the northern half of the Afircan
continent.
Modern Egypt comprises 386,000
square miles-half again the size
of Texas-but 14/15ths of this is
desert. Only about 12,000 square
miles is cultivable. Most of this
is in the long, narrow Nile valley
and here live most of Egypt's pop-
ulation of 20,729,000.
* * *
FROM 2,400 to 2,000 B.C.,
Egypt was ruled by a line of phar-
aohs who made their capital at
Thebes. Invaders from Arabia took
over in 2,000 and ruled as the
Shepherd Kings. It was they who
reputedly introduced the horse to
the western civilized world. The
Jews came to Egypt in this period
after a series of famine in Syria.
The Arabian invaders were
driven out in 1,600 B.C. by the
pharaohs of Thebes who estab-
lished a strong military state for
about 500 years. Rameses II,
greatest pharaoh of this period,
made Thebes the most magnifi-
ce4~ city of the age. The rem-
nants of Thebes statuary and
temples still are among the fin-
est in the world.
Egypt's power declined steadily
after this and the Jews made good
their escape from bondage in
Egypt by fleeing with Moses across
the Red Sea.
Egyptians have not been a war-
like race in recent times. Alexan-
der the Great conquered Egypt in
332 B.C. and founded the city of
Alexandria as his new Greek cap-
ital. Alexandria succeeded Athens
as the seat of Grecian culture.
WHEN Roman legions under Au-
gustus Caesar conquered Egypt in
30 B.C., Cleopatra was the reign-
ing glamor girl.
The Saracens took Egypt in
640 and the Crusaders swept
over it in the 12th and 13th cen-
turies. Napolion's forces held it
briefly but the French were
driven out by the British in 1801.
The next invaders were Turks
tnder Mohammed Ali, founder of
the dynasty overthrown a fort-
night ago by Gen. Naguib. Under
Mohammed Ali's successors, the
Suez Canal was built as a private
commercial venture.
The extravagances of Egypt's
rulers during the late 19th cen-
tury show how the welfare of the
people and the nation suffered
from misrule. When the canal was
built in 1869, the Egyptian govern-
ment had, in return for a 99-year
concession, a guarantee of 15 per
cent of the profits and 40 per cent
of the canal stock.
BUT THE CANALkwas not an
immediate money-maker. The lav-
ish living of Ismail "the Magnifi-
cent" gave Britain an opportunity
to buy the stock. In 1875, the as-
tute Disraeli borrowed four mil-
lion pounds from the House of
Rothschild overnight - without
Parliament's approval - and
bought Egypt's entire block of 40
per cent of the shares. Ismail also
sold the profit guarantee to a
French private investment trust.
Disraeli made the Suez a vital
link in the lifeline of empire
and British ships helped make it
the busiest salt water canal in
the world. Thus when the canal
returned huge profits, Egypt
had bartered away its share in
the project for a pittance.
The canal shares-still held by
Britain-usually pay annual divi-
dends equal to 20 per cent of the
purchase price. The canal conces-
sion will expire in 19868 when the
property reverts to Egypt.
Location of such a strategic wa-
terway within her borders forced
Egypt to the center of the interna-
tional stage. In World Wars I and
II, Britain moved promptly to pro-
tect the canal against attacks by
the Turks and the Nazis.
IN 1922, Britain formally recog-
nized Egypt as an independent sov-
ereign state and agreed to con-
tinue with Egypt joint administra-
tion of the Sudan, first begun in
1899.
In a 20-year alliance, signed
in 1936, Egypt agreed to permit
the stationing of 10,000 British
troops and 400 planes in the ca-
nal zone for protection. The
treaty also allowed Britain use
of Alexandria and Port Said as
naval bases.
The presence of British troops,
now only in the Canal Zone, has
been a thorn in Egypt's side. In
World War II, Egypt did not de-
clare war on the Axis until Feb-
ruary,1945.
Immediately after the war,
Egypt renewed its demands for
revision of the 1936 treaty, in-
cluding recognition of Egypt's
sovereignty over the Sudan and
ouster of British troops from the
canal area. Riots against the
British took place and last July
an Egyptian army coup led by
Naguib forced Farouk off the
throne.
EVENTS TODAY
The School of Musio Choral
Demonstrations will be concluded
at 10:00 a.m. in Aud. A, Angell
Hall.
Conducting the audience choir
will, be Prof. Marlowe Smith of the
Eastman School of Music.
* *I *
The final performance of the
speech department's musical com-
edy "Knickerbocker Holiday" will
be given at 8 p.m. in the Lydia
Mendelssohn Theater.
* * *
EVENTS TOMORROW
Neil J. Weller, chairman of the
Unitarian Student Group yester-
day invited campus liberals to a
picnic at 2 p.m. at a local lake.
Transportation will leave
the League at 2 p.m. from the
south entrance.
EVENTS MONDAY
At 4:15 p.m., Alfred Boyington,
Grad, will present a violin recital
in Rackham Assembly Hall.
The program will include the
Sonata in E major of Handel, So-
nata by Copland, and the Con-
certo in D major of Brahms. Co-
lette Jablonski will be the accom-
panist. Admission is open to the
public without charge.
'* *
An evening of Dostoevsky has
been planned for a meeting of
the Russian Circle at 8 p.m. in
the international Center.
Refreshments will be served.
All students taking a Russian
course have been invited to at-
tend.
* * *
The Radiation Biology Symposi-
um will hear A. H. Doermann of
the Oak Ridge National Labora-
tory discuss "Contributions of
Radiation Experiments to an Un-
derstanding< of Bacteriophage," at
8 p.m. at 1300 Chemistry Bldg.
* * *
Prof. Walter Baade of the Mt.
Wilson and Palomar Observatories
will discuss "Galaxies: Their Com-
position and Structure" before the
Astrophysics Symposium at 2 p.m.
in 1400 Chemistry Bldg.
The same group will hear G.
K. Batchelorof the University
of Cambridge, England lecture
on "General Ideas about Turb-
ulence and Statistical Hydrody-
namics" at 3:30 p.m. in 1400
Chemistry Bldg.
P. P. Ewald of the Brooklyn
Polytechnic Institute will address
the Symposium on X-Ray Diffrac-
tion at 9 a.m. in 1400 Chemistry
Bldg. on "Fourier Transformation
and X-Ray Diffraction by Crys-
tals." One hour later the group
will hear W. N. Liscomb of the
University of Minnesota discuss
"Experimental Studies of Crystal
Structures: Application to Struc-
ture determination of HF and
HCN from Prints of the Diffrac-
tion Photographs."
We All Crave
Royalty Says
'U'nProfessor
(Continued from Page 1)
I
-Daily-Lon Qui
MUSICAL PAIR-Prof. Robert Courte (left) and his wife Lydia
will play a viola-piano concert at 8:30 p.m. Monday in the Rack-
ham lecture hall. They will play Marais, laydn, Wilson, Keller,
and Mozart.
:
Courte Duo To Give Sonata
[Recital Monday at Raekham
(Continued from page 2)
Keisey Museum of Archaeology. Gill-
man Collection of Antiques of Palestine.
Museums Building, rotunda exhibit.
Steps in the preparation of ethnolo-
gical dioramas.
Michigan Historical Collections. Mi-
chigan, year-round vacation land.
clements Library. The good, the bad,
the popular.
Law Library. Elizabeth II and her em-
pire.
Architecture Building. Michigan Chil-
dren's Art Exhibition.
Events Today
Lydia Mendelssohn Box Office is open
from 10 a.m. until 8 p.m. today. Tickets
for individual performances of the De-
partment of Speech summer play se-
ries are available: Knickerbocker Holi-
day and The Tales of Hoffman, $1.50-
$1.20-90c; The country Girl and Pyg-
malion, $1.20-90c-60c.
Knickerbocker Holiday, the hilarious
musical comedy by Maxwell Anderson
and Kurt Weill, plays tonight in the
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre at 8 p.m.
Choreography is created by Miss Es-
ther Scholz of the Detroit public schools
and guest instructor in the Women's
Physical Education Department. Or-
chestra and chorus are under the di-
rection of Paul Miller,,Grad., Music.
The entire production is under the di-
rection of Professor. William P. Hal-
stead of the Department of Speech.
The undergraduate women of Alice
Lloyd Hall invite the undergraduate
men students to a party to be held this
evening, at Alice Lloyd Hall, from 8
until 12 o'clock p.m. There will be danc-
ing, games, and refreshments.
Dance this evening. Al Townsend's
orchestra will be playing in the League
ballroom from 9 p.m. until midnight.
Michigan Christian Fellowship. Scav-
enger Hunt this evening at 7:00 p.m.
Lane Hall. Refreshments. Everyone in-
vited.
SL Cinema Guild Summer Program:
Saturday-Sunday. Alec Guinness in "A
Run for Your Money." Cartoon: Dis-
ney's "Bone Trouble." showings, Sat-
urday at 7 and 9 p.m. Sunday at 8-p.m.
Congregational Disciples Guild will
meet at 2:00 p.m. at the Guild House,
438 Maynard St., today to go for a pic-
nic and swimming party.
6:00 p.m. Sunday: Supper at the Con-
gregational Church.
7:00 p.m. Sunday: Godwill Fiawoo
from the Gold Coast will lead a discus-
sion on "Africa Today" in the Mayflow-
er Room of the Congregational Church.
All students welcome.
Coming Events
Lakesiders of First Methodist Church
invite single, young adults to Sunday
picnics. Meet at back of Church, 2:30
p.m.
Michigan Christian Fellowship Sunday
afternoon 4 o'clock, Lane Hall. Rever-
end Bennett will speak on "Personal
Evangelism."
Presbyterian Summer Student Fel-
lowship will meet at the Church
at 5:30 p.m. Sunday for a pic-
nic supper. Professor Howard McClus-
ky will discuss "The Christian Impera-
tive in Family Life." Presbyterian stu-
dents, their friends, and others inter-
ested are cordially invited to attend.
Lutheran Student Association (Na-
tional Lutheran Council) cornet of Hill
& Forest Ave. Sunday: 9:30 a.m. Bible
Study; 10:30 a.m. Worship Service; 7:00
p.m. "Public Education and Religion,"
Dr. Gerhard Lenski of the Sociology
Department.
The Unitarian Student Group invites
all local young liberals to a picnic Sun-
day afternoon, July 12, at Kensington
Recreation Area. Bring your own sand-
wiches and desert. Lemonade and po-
tato salad will be provided. Point of
departure: Lane Hall at 1:30 p.m. Res-
ervations would be appreciated: call
20085. Additional transportation would
be welcomed.
Sunday, July 12, at 8:00 p.m. The
Unitarian Student Group, in coopera-
tion with the Adult Discussion Group,
is presenting the second in a series of
six discussions on the Bible. These
discussions are being led by Leroy Wa-
terman, Professor Emeritus of Semit-
ics, who was on the Editorial Board of
the Revised Standard Version. This
Sunday's discussion will continue with
the Book of Amos. Place: The Uni-
tarian Church, 1917 Washteriaw. For
transportation from the Campus area,
be at Lane Hall by 7:45. Refreshments
.will be served.
La p'tite causette meets Monday, July
13, from 3:30 to 5 p.m. in the wing of
the north room of the Michigan Union
cafeteria. All students interesting in
speaking or learning to speak French
informally and Faculty members in-
terested are cordially invited.
Popular Arts Films. The Eariy Talkies:
"Morocco." 7:30 p.m. Monday, Auditor-
ium A, Angell Hall.
The Russian Circle will meet in the
International Center on Monday, July
13, at 8:00 in the evening. A talk will be
given by Mr. Bergess on Soviet Opin-
ions of Dostoevsky. Discussion, Games,
and Refreshments will follow. All those
interested in Russian are cordially in-
vited to attend.
Sociedad Hispanica. Every Tuesday
and Thursday, under the auspices of
the Sociedad Hispanica, a group of stu-
dents and faculty members interested
in speaking and hearing the Spanish
language meets from 2 to 3:30 p.m. in
the wing of the North Room, Tap Room,
Michigan Union. All those interested in
practicing the spoken language are
cordially invited.
Popular Arts in America will present
four versions of Katherine Brush's
Night Club in the Lydia Mendelssohn
Theatre at 8:00 p.m., Wednesday, July
15. Professor Claribel Baird will read
a cut version of the short story. Play
Production will stage the one act play
version. The Radio Department will
present it as a radio drama. The Tele-
vision Department will demoVstrate
the techniques necessary in the 'tele-
vision version. Seats are reserved, but
no admission will be charged. Two re-
served seats per person can be obtained
at the Lydia Mendelssohn box office,
10 a.m.-8 p.m.
By DONALD HARRIS C
When Prof. Robert Courte andc
his wife Lydia emerge from the
concealed panel opening out ontoE
the stage of Rackham Lecture
Hall at 8:30 Monday evening, the
repose and congeniality of thel
faces in the audience will probablyl
be the first thing noted by thist
gifted pair, though maybe a bitt
apprehensively.t
Though they are going to play
what would today be a normal so-
nata recital, consisting of two
eighteenth century divertimenti,
by Mozart and Haydn, two con-
temporary sonatas, by George Wil-
son and Homer Keller, and a suite
Annual Meet <
Of Educatorsj
Here Monday
"Adjusting the Curriculum to the3
Needs of Children and Youtlf' is
the theme of the 24th annual Sum-?
mer Education Conference sched-
uled to begin Monday.,
Approximately 1,000 educators'
will attend the five day meeting
which will explore various practical
problems connected with public
school art, music, secondary and
elementary education as well as
special and vocational education.
The event will begin at 10 a.m.
Monday in Schorling Auditorium,!
University High School when Johnj
J. Brooks will speak on the theme I
topic. Brooks is director of NewI
Lincoln School, New York City.
Prof. G. Max Wingo of the con-
ference committee will act as
chairman of Monday's program
and lead a group of professors
from the School of Education in a
panel discussion at 11 a.m.
Highlighting the afternoon pro-
gram will be three special sessions:
"The Curriculum and Human
Values" with Prof. W. C. Trow as
chairman; a question-and-answer
music conference; and "Reports toI
Parents" with Lawrence Vredevoe,
director of the Bureau of School
Services, as chairman.
All sessions of the conference
are open to the public.
League Dance
Set for Today
I
of French dances by Marais, they
would have been greeted by hisses
and boos if they had performed a
similar program 25 years ago.
* * *
PROF. and Mrs. Courte were just
beginning their careers during the
height of the great artistic battles
that rocked Europe during the late
teens and the twenties of this cen-
tury.
Intimately acquainted with
such famous contemporary com-
posers as Milaud, Honegger, and
Villa-Lobos, Prof. Courte was
often on the stage when the
music of these men was being
hissed, jeered, and shouted at.
At that time he taught at the
Conservatory in Brussels and,
played first viola in the National
Symphony Orchestra and Opera
Company. Recalling that Brussels
then was just as important an ar-
tistic center as Paris, Prof. Courte
went on to describe the typical re-
ception given contemporary mu-
sic in those days.
* *
"DURING a performance of
some pieces of Villa-Lobos, the au-
dience was divided into two groups,
one for and one against. It was the
custom to put your fingers in your
mouth and whistle as loud as you
could if you didn't like the music.
"Consequently you could bare-
ly hear the music with one fac-
tion constantly whistling and the
other constantly applauding. At
the end of the performance Vil-
la-Lobos stepped to the front of
the stage, and very politely said
'thank you'."
But it wasn't just contemporary
music that received this type of re-
action. Prof. Courte also recalled
how at an orchestral performance
of the Blue Danube Waltz, there
was a group of hecklers continual-
ly screaming "commercial jam."
Reminiscing still further, the
medium height violist told how
he played viola at the first per-
formance of Ravel's Bolero, with
the composer conducting. This
work, too, he described as being in
those days "controversial."
"THE RIOTS in those days were
exciting," he went on to add. "It
produced satisfaction; you are only
satisfied when you have to fight."
However "twenty five years ago
people would fight. Now we are
used to contemporary music,"
Mrs. Courte continued. But both
would agree that though the pres-
ent day condition is not so provoc-
ative, in the long run it is healthier
since we have come to accept this
music on its own terms.
READ
DAILY
AND USE
CLASSIFlEDS
LOOK and LISTEN
With DONALD HARRIS
Music lovers who have appreci-
ated the fine job CBS Radio has
done in presenting "World Music
Festivals" are in for more of the
same when James Fasset, modera-
tor of the programs, takes his
trans-Atlantic broadcasting equip-
ment to the Holland Festival to-
morrow and next Sunday.
These broadcasts in the Ann
Arbor vicinity can b'e heard over
WJR from 2:30-4:00 p.m. Opening
tomorrow's program will be the
Netherlands Bach Society singing
the chorus from the sixth Chan-
dos Anthem of Handel. Following
this Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau,
German bariftone, will sing selec-
Serum Curbs
Polio Outbreak
MONTGOMERY, Ala. - (A) -
Weary doctors and worried par-
ents uncrossed their fingers and
rejoiced yesterday over an official
announcement that gamma glo-
bulin has curbed the polio outbreak
in Montgomery.
State Health Officer, D. G. Gill
and the Montgomery County
health officer, Dr. A. H. Graham,
returned their verdict a week after
more than 31,000 children were in-
oculated with the polio-fighting
serum.
tions from Schumann's song cycle,
"Die Winterreise," and soprano
Victoria de los Angeles will be
heard in Salud's-Song from Manuel
de Falla's opera "La Vida Breve."
* * *
THE NETHERLANDS Opera will
present Act 3 of Verdi's opera,
"Otello," with soloists Ramon Vi-
nay, Scipio Colombo, and conduc-
tor Josef Krips. The final work of
this program will be the last move-
ment of the Fifth Symphony of
Anton Bruckner. The choral parts
will be sung by the Toonkunst
Choir of Amsterdam, and the or-
chestra will be the famed Concert-
gebouw Orchestra, conducted by
Eduard van Beinum.
On Sunday, July 19, the Fes-
tival will present the first broad-
cast in America of Alban Berg's
opera "Lulu." Berg, one of the
most expressive and romantic of
the school of atonal composers,
never heard a performance of
this opera as it was not per-
formed until 1937, after his
death.
The opera, based on Frank
Wedekind's tragedy "Erdgeist,"
will be conducted by Gustav Koe-
nig and sung in German. The per-
forming artists will be the Munici-
pal Opera of Essen, Germany.
CBS Radio's "The Music Room"
tolorrow 9:00-9:15 a.m. will fea-
ture duo-pianists Appleton and
Field. Opening the program with
translations of the work have al-
ready been completed and a Ger-
man edition is now underway.
He explains that the object of
the "New Criticism" is a "study of
literature itself rather than the
social life, country or scholar's
writings about an author and
E compared it to the study of a
musical score or of a painting,
rather than assorted anecdotes!
about the artist.
** *
"I STRONGLY attack turning
literature into biographical dis-
course," he said. "An author's
ideas and life should be studied
as implied, embodied and incar-
nated in a work of art."
The professor admits to be-
ing a psychiatrist and theologian
too, but "when I write about an
author from these points of
view, I don't pretend to be a
literary critic," he pointed out.. .
There are still many teachers
hostile to the "new criticism," as
all were in Prof. Warren's student
days. "None of my professors
taught literature as I think prop-
er," he noted.
He hastened to add, however,
that the "New Criticism" is not a
religion "with a series of dogmas."
Its critics are all independent
thinkers with a wide divergence
of political and religious views.
According to Prof. Warren, at
Kenyon College of which he is a
Senior Fellow, a balance is main-
tained between the Catholic, psy-
choanalytical, and Trotskyite new
critics.
l
'
ii
>)
t,
r
i
i
For Worry-free Trips, Use
TRAVELERS CHECKS,
e *
Travelers Checks offer both convenience and
safety for your vacation trips. You can cash
them almost anywhere - Hotels, Restaurants,
and Stores - and because only YOU can cash
them, you can enjoy away-from-home secur-
ity, too.
BUY THEM AT
T ME ANN ARBOR BANK
Main and Huron Streets
r,
State Street at Nickels Arcade
COMPLETE BANKING FA(
1108 South "U"
CILITIES
I
With dance music provided by r
Al Townsend and his orchestra,
the second of this summer's
League dances will be held at 9
p.m. today in the League Ballroom.
Townsend who has played with
the bands of Henry Bussy and
Gene Krupa will be playing his
own arrangements at the League
this summer.
In addition to the regular Sat-
urday night dances and Beach
Ball which will be held on July
25 the League has also planned
several other activities for sum-
mer session students.
Square Dance sessions are held
from 7:30 to 9 p.m. on Monday
nights and Social Dancing lessons
are given at 7 p.m. for beginners
and 8 p.m. for intermediates.
Contract Bridge lessons are giv-
en from 7:30 to 9 p.m. on Tues-.
days and duplicate bridge is played
at 7:30 p.m. on Thursday.
I R~TRA D &
CRISP, FRESHI
Green Print
NYLON DUISTER
Z. , ..>By Saybury
~ Smart Tailored Cut, Suitable
for Many Occasions
r.!9I
I cmunvr_ PnYNm of tlinco
. * * ' INU .JIIN J. 0±Lnese 4.±1L-
.THE ANNOUNCEMENT +
THE ANNOUNCEMENT of the ics, Prof. Warren feels, is that
new republic a fortnight ago lashed they are all closely connected with
out at several monarchs of the Mo- creative writing. "The 'new critic'
hammed Ali dynasty. They in- is himself a writer or a poet as
I