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VOL. LIA, No,. 28
Warns of Red
Danger to
Weak Nations
Acheson Urges
Arms for Europe
WASHINGTON-UP) -Secretary
of State Acheson opened the arms-
for-Europe battle in Congress yes-
terday with a warning that failure
to bolster non-Communist coun-
tries may invite a military thrust
by Russia.
Acheson declared that the Ad-
ministration's proposed $1,450,-
000,000 program is urgent for our
own security and is the minimum
amount "which makes sense."
* * *
CALLING ATTENTION to Rus-
sia's huge forces, Acheson de-
clared we cannot ignore "the pos-
sibilities of direct military aggres-
sion." When a totalitarian regime
fails in political aggression it is
often tempted to try military
means when no effective resistance
is possible, Acheson said.
The Secretary went before the
House Foreign Affairs Commit-
tee with a point-by-point de-
fense of the arms program in
the face of a strong Republican
attack which built up even be-
fore the legislation was pro-
posed.
Acheson bore down heavily on
the principal objection-that the
program should be held to a much
smaller figure until North At-
lantic Treaty nations have a
chance to outline their own de-
fense strategy.
* * *
IT IS ONLY A one-year pro-
gram, the secretary said; "A pro-
gram in future years will be de-
rived from recommendations"
made by the defense organization
set up under the treaty.
"The amount requested is ur-
gently necessary in the interest
of our national security," he
said. "It is the minimum Amount
required to enable the recipient
nations adequately to guard
against internal subversion and
to begin to undertake" their
roles in a coordinated defense.
Committee members questioned
whether the ' European nations
which would be given the arms
would cooperate. Acheson replied
that nations of the Western Un-
ion had been working for a year on
a program of mutual cooperation.
These nations are Britain, France,
Belgium, The Netherlands and
Luxembourg-all Atlantic Treaty
members.
Acheson said this would lead to
a strategic plan for common de-
fense.
* * *
REP. RICHARDS (Dem., S.C.)
questioned the amount involved
"when we have no definite assur-
ance these nations will take con-
certed action."
Acheson said that when the
treaty is a reality within a few
days committees will be set up
to go to work on a strategic
plan for mutual help.
"The forces of these nations
are not sufficiently equipped and
unless they are equipped the stra-
tegic plan will be just a plan,"
Acheson said.
OF THE $1,450,000,000, Atlantic
Treaty members would receive
about $1,100,000,000 assistance
Acheson said. Other funds would
go to Greece, Turkey, Korea, the
Philippines and other nations
which the Administration might
deem of strategic importance in
the fight to beat back Communist
aggression.
The Administration would be
given a free hand in allocating
arms to individual nations on
the basis of putting it where it
is most needed. This power has
drawn considerable criticism
against the plan.
Acheson told the committee:
"Every bullet, every bit of radar
equipment is planned because
there is a practical' need for it
somewhere and we will know ex-
actly where it is going."
The committee will receive in
private session a breakdown of the
planned shipment of arms and
equipment, together with the
amount of aid intended for each
nation.
"A country does not go Com-
munist by conviction," he said, "it
goes Communist by force of an
army either directly in the coun-
try or across its border."
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JULY 29, 1949
PRIC E1VIe C
i t .- _
i %., jr, IN 1 p
w
Minority Groups
Survey Studies Inter-Group Dating
(EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second of seven articles on the Survey
Research minority group report. Clip them-they will serve as the basis
for student and administrative action in the fall.)
By CRAIG WILSON
(Co-Managing Editor)
The second section of the University Survey Research Center's
report on "Campus Attitudes Toward Minority Groups," deals with
inter-group dating.
"Inter-group dating" was not specifically defined, and probably
meant different degrees of social contact to the different students
interviewed, Prof. Angus Campbell, director of the Center, explained.
* * * *
"STUDENTS ARE SOMEWHAT less favorably inclined toward
dating members of minority groups than towards rooming with
them or living in the same house with them."
What is your attitude toward dating a Negro, Jew, Oriental,
Latin-American, white non-Jew?
(Answers of members of one group towards dating within their
own group have been omitted.)
Latin White
Negro Jew American Oriental Non-Jew
Would like to ........ 3% 14% 6% 23% 50%
Would be willing to ...11 53 30 49 29
Would rather not ....35 25 40 19 13
Would refuse to ......48 5 20 6 4
"When men and women are studied separately, no difference is
found in their willingness. to date members of other racial and relig-
ious groups than their own."
* * * *
"A MAJORITY OF STUDENTS report that they have dated
members of other religious groups.
"Inter-racial dating is much less common."
Data was compiled on the basis of having dated members
of other religious groups. There were not enough in the racial
minority groups to form a stable base for analysis.
I have dated: Jew Catholic Protestant
Jew ................................- . 66% 53%
Catholic .............................74 - 94
Protestant ...........................83 93
Negro ............................... 7 15 3
Oriental .... .... ...................11 25 16
Latin American ......................35 44 30
The figures indicate whether or not the individual had dated
members of other groups but did not determine how often.
"It is likely that many students, while dating members of other
groups occasionally, have the bulk of their social contacts with mem-
bers of their own group."
NEXT: The attitude toward different minority groups on
the part of other groups is studied in "Campus Attitudes Towards
Minority Groups."
EDUCATION ISSUE:
Catholic Congressman
Defends Mrs. Roosevelt
WASHINGTON-(I)-A Roman Catholic member of Congress,
Rep. Andrews Jacobs (Dem., Ind.), last night defended Mrs. Franklin
D. Roosevelt who has been denounced by Francis Cardinal Spellman,
Catholic Archbishop, of New York for her stand on federal aid tt
education.
The issue, whether federal money for helping public schools
should also go to parochial andp rivate schools, has created a bitter
controversy.
CARDINAL SPELLMAN said Mrs. Roosevelt, who opposed use of
tax funds for private and parochial schools, had a "record of anti-
-Catholicism . . . unworthy of an
Steel Unioni
Asks 12 Cent
Pay Rise
Other Demands
Increase Total
NEW YORK - (P) - President
Philip Murray of the CIO Steel-
workers yesterday presented to the
presidential fact-finders in the
steel industry dispute a demand
for a 30 cents an hour package.
The demand includes a 12%
cents an hour fourth round wage
boost.
* M
BESIDES THE fourth round
wage increase, Murray asked 11.23
cents an hour for pensions and
6.27 cents for social insurance.
Murray said the steel industry
was amassing profits of about a
billion dollars a year and should
grant the Union's demand in
the national interest.
He led off testimony before the
three-man board which the Presi-
dent named to avert an imminent
strike by the 900,000 steel workers
last July 16.
THE BOARD must make its
recommendations, which aren't
binding on either side, to Mr. Tru-
man by Sept. 1-15 days before
the Union's new strike deadline.
The Union has eight days and the
64 steel companies an equal per-
iod to present their case.
Earlier, the fact-finders
agreed to hear the Union's pen-
sion demands although the steel
companies contend that the re-
opening clause in their union
contracts does not permit pen-
sions to e brought up.
Chairman Carroll R. Daugher-
ty said, however, that no recom-
mendation would be made on the
pension question if the board finds
it cannot properly be raised at this
time.
HE SAID steel workers' wages
increased from an average of 84.5
cents an hour in 1939 to only 96.6
cents this year, in terms of 1939
prices, although the productivity
of the average worker rose nearly
50 per cent in that period.
Under the newly - proposed
pension plan each worker would
get $125 a month after retire-
ment at the age of 65.
The Union's demands also
would provide group life insur-
ance equivalent to a year's pay;
a $1,250 death benefit policy;
$31.50 a week in sick or accident
benefits; and hospitalization for
workers and their families.
Eugene G. Grace, chairman of
Bethlehem Steel Company, said
the Union demand for a 30-cents-
an-hour package increase would
add $10 to $12 a ton to his com-
pany's cost of producing steel.
He commented on the Union de-
mand while announcing the sec-
ond quarter operations of the na-
tion's number two steel producer.
Great Lakes
Freighter Safe
MUSKEGON -(P)- The Great
Lakes coal freighter Norman J.
Kopmeier, grounded in Lake Mus-
kegon here, no longer is in danger
of capsizing.
Chief boatswains mate Elmer
Richter of the Coast Guard maid
late yesterday that pump crews
had saved the 510-foot ship, load-F
ed with 8,400 tons of coal, from
rolling over.-.
Divers also are checking over
the 25 feet of bow resting on the
bottom in an effort to locate the
damage.
The ship was enroute to Mus-
kegon from South Chicago when
it struck an underwater obstruc-
tion and was damaged. It man-
aged to proceed five miles through
Muskegon Lake before being
beached.
Pump crews from a marine con-
tractor and the Muskegon Coast
Guard Station worked desperately
during the morning and afternoon,
seeking to keep the ship fromt
taking in any more water.
Clark Appointed
To
Fill
Vacancy
Cabinet Post
Awarded
'
-Daily-George Lee
MIWABEAU'S RIVALS-Mirabeau has nothing on these cats, owned by Sylvia Miller of Algonac,
Michigan. But Mirabeau's real distinction is being the only "official" "M" mastt of the University,
and he plays his part to the hilt.
M' Cat Gets Proposals.
Cornpeotition as Mascot
By PAUL BRENTLINGER
Mirabeau, the local kitten with the 'M' on his forehead, has
received two proposals of marriage.
The proposals came in the form of letters from the proud owners
of other 'M'-bearing kittens. However, the letter writers seemed to
be slightly confused about Mirabeau's sex-both proposals came from
male cats.
* * *
*
"ALLEY OOP," A FOUR-MONTHS old 'alley cat' from Monroe,
was the first kitten
According to
to indicate
his owner,
36 New Polio
Cases Reported
LANSING-()-Reports of 36
new cases of Infantile Paralysis
were received yesterday by the
State Health Department.
The total now is 306, a new
record high for this date. This
compared with 59 cases for the
same date last year.
Dr. William Rottschaefer, Chief
Resident Physician at the Uni-
versity Hospital reported 11 cases
of polio from all over the state
were being treated at the hospital
Wednesday.
He added that the number of
cases in Michigan have almost
reached epidemic proportions.
The state health department
said unofficial reports showed 18
deaths to date. Only eight deaths
were recorded at this time last
year.
Nine of the new cases were from
Wayne County, four of these from
Detroit. Other counties with Polio
reports included: Berrien, 4; Mar-
quette, 3; Monroe, Isabella and
Muskegon, 2 each, and Bay, New-
aygo, Osceola, Macomb and Go-
gebic counties with one each.
American mother."
Jacobs did not mention Card-
inal Spellman by name in a
talk prepared for broadcast, but
said:
"The inflammatory language
used toward her will bring no good
to either my church or my coun-
try. I regret it exceedingly."
' * * *
"I EXPRESSED the same opin-
ion as Mrs. Roosevelt," Jacobs
added. "Such opinion resulted
from careful consideration of fact
and principle.
Chairman Lesinski (Dem.,
Mich.) of the House Labor Com-
mittee said in the meantime that
aid to education legislation "has
no chance" at the present ses-
sion of Congress. A House bill,
providing aid for public edu-
cation only, has been bogged
down because of the controversy
over church schools.
But a showdown may come in
the committee today when both
Reps. Steed (Dem., Okla.) and
Sims (Dem., S.C.) may try to
force a vote to take up an aid bill.
But other committee members did
not regard the prospect as very
hopeful.
In defending Mrs. Roosevelt's
stand, Jacobs said:
"It is distasteful to me to dis-
agree with so high and distin-
guished a prelate of my faith."
world News
.Round-Up
ByTihe Associated Press
WASHINGTON - Veterans will
start receiving cash dividends on
their, wartime insurance premium
payments by Jan. 1, 1950, Rep.
Ford (R-Mich.) said yesterday.
NEW YORK-Federal Judge
Harold R. Medina, who has been
presiding at the Communist
conspiracy trial for more than
six months, wearily told wrangl-
ing attorneys yesterday that he
is "physically and mentally in-
capable of going through much
more." "I must take a recess
now and lie down for a minute,"
he said. He walked off the
bench and was gone for 10 min-
utes.-
HONOLULU - Senate and
House agreed yesterday on terms
of a bill to put Hawaii into the
stevedoring business and try to
reopen the islands' strikebound
ports. The territory would set up
its own stevedoring operation in-
stead of seizing struck firms. This
government entrance into a strike-
bound industry without seizure is
believed without precedent here.
WASHINGTON-The Senate
yesterday accepted the terms of
a compromise bill tightening the
military unification law and set-
ting up a new money-saving
budget system for the armed
services. The measure, approved
by a voice vote, now goes to the
House for the final legislative
step.
*. * *
WASHINGTON - The govern-
ment on Aug. 4 will return to de-
ficit financing for the first time
in more than three years. Deficit
financing means borrowing cash
to meet current bills because out-
go is larger than income.
t matrimonial interest in Mirabeau.
Vrs. Ardith M. Lawrence. "Oops
-? would make a fine husband,
and perhaps some little 'M's'
would ensue.
Mrs. Sam L. Barret of F"lint has
a Persian kitten, one of a family
of four with 'M's' on their heads,
whom she recommends as "a good
match for your Mirabeau."
* * *
THESE LETTERS of proposal
were sent to Prof. William H. Burt
of the University museum, who
once suggested that a strain of
'M'. kittens be bred as mascots
for the University's football play-
ers.
Mirabeau first caught the
public's eye when his picture
decorated The Daily's front
page May 26. ,
Shortly afterward, Mirabeau ap-
peared in a Detroit paper and Life
Magazine. This publicity set off
a barrage of letters to Prof. Burt
and The Daily, most of them from
owners of other 'M' kittens.
THESE LETTERS plus more ob-
servation of cats by Daily editors
indicate that cats with block 'M's'
on their foreheads are not so
rare as experts thought at the
time of the Mirabeau discovery.
In a letter to a Detroit paper,
Dr. A. B. Snow of Saginaw went
so far as to declare that "every
tiger cat has" an M' on the
forehead.
The Encyclopedia Brittanica
seems to support Dr. Snow. Its
pictures of the striped manx cat,
the tabby cat and the red tabby
Persian cat show faint traces of
'M's' on the feline foreheads.
* * *
ALSO, MIRABEAU'S mother
Farnaby has just given birth to
two more kittens who wear rusty
red 'M's' on their foreheads, ac-
cording to Mrs. John J. Dreher,
the kitten's owner.
"Mirabeau himself is thriving,"
she said. "He realizes that he is
THE Michigan-Minded Mouser,
and he acts accordingly."
More People
No Threat to
US* Living
Populous Prosperity
Predicted by Expert
WASHINNGTON - (P) - The
President of the Brookings Insti-
tution said yesterday the United
States has the ability to support
a doubled population, 100 years
from now, on a plane of living
eight times as high as that of
the present.
Dr. Harold G. Moulton, widely-
known economist, is the author of
a 387-page report issued by the
non-profit, privately endowed re-
search organization.
** *
DR. MOULTON rejected con-
tentions that our minerals and
fuels are inadequate, that the
country is approaching a "static"
condition, or that the government
must set up a "controlled econ-
omy." He argued that after a cen-
tury of phenomenal progress the
economic promise of American life
remains undiminished.
Dr. Moulton placed emphasis on
things like this for a great eco-
nomic expansion.:
Electronics, plastics, scientific
agriculture, soil-less foodl pro-
duction, new metals, new meth-
ods of exploring for minerals,
synthetic production of oil, de-
velopment of low-grade iron ore.
He estimated that on the basis
of past spending habits and pres-
ent income distribution, a rise in
the population to 300,000,000 and
an eightfold rise in living stand-
ards would multiply the nation's
dollar spending as follows:
* 4 *
FOR FOOD AND nutrition,
about 8 times; for shelter and
home maintenanceabout 16
times; for attire and personal
care, about 20 times; for health
and education, about 30 times;
and for recreation and travel,
about 33 times
There are several "ifs" in Dr.
Moulton's picture. For example,
he said the vast expansion
owuld require:
1. A continuing increase in pro-
ductivity. This in turn would re-
quire constant scientific and tech-
nological development, new tools,
replacement of obsolete plants,
better management methods in-
cluding personnel practices, a pro-
gressive increase in the efficiency
of workmen, adequate incentives
for labor and management and in-
vestors, and "at least a fair de-
gree of assurance with respect to
the perpetuity of the private en-
terprise system."
2. A progressive expansion of
mass purchasing power. Dr. Moul-
ton said "'the unfulfilled desires
of the masses constitute the great
potential markets of the future."
Tnw to ehiev ab hroarddistrih-
To McGrath
Dean, Chairnian
To' Think It Over'
WASHINGTON-R?) -President
Truman announced yesterday tije
selection of Attorney General Tom
C. Clark for the Supreme Court
and Senator J. Howard McGrath
of Rhode Island for Clarke's eab
inet post.
He told a news conference he
offered both men theappoint-
ments at a private interview this
morning and his guess is that both
will accept.
CLARK INDICATED he would
take the new post; McGrath said
he wanted the week-end to think
it over.
If McGrath accepts he will
have to resign from the Senate.
He also most likely will have
to give up the chairmanship of
the Democratic National Com-
mittee.
William M. Boyle, Jr., of Kan-
sas City, Mo., paid executive Vice
chairman of the National Commit-
tee since April 21, probably will
be a main contender for the chair-
manship in that event. Republi-
cans will pick a new chairman
here Aug. 4.
The President announced the
appointments in a most casual
manner and in response to a ques-
tion near the end of his news con-
Terence.
Earlier in the conference he fiad
read a formal statement about
recent secret- meetings on atomic
energy. The statement appeared
to be a pledge that he will not give
the British the latest-atom bomb
know-how without the consent of
Congress.
The President said present
agreements between the United
States, Britain and Canada pro-
viding for cooperation in exchang-
ing atomic information and on
raw material supplies are "limited
in scope and duration."
* * *
"WE, THEREFORE, intend to
explore with the United Kingdom
and Canada some of the basic
questions underlying any deter-
mination' of long-range policy in
this field," he said.
He said these questions requir-
ed further consultations with Con-
gress after the exploratory con-
versations. These conversations do
not involve making agreements
with or commitments to the Brit-
ish and Canadians, he said.
In these consultations with the
Congress," he added, "we shall
have to decide together what
course of action it is wisest to
take."
Truman said Clark and Mc-
Grath were so surprised that
they didn't answer, but promised
to do so in a few days. He said
Clark was very much surprised.
Since Justice Murphy was a
Catholic, speculation had been
that a Catholic probably would be
named as his successor. When
asked about this Mr. Truman said
religious faith had nothing to do
with the appointment of Clark,
who is a Presbyterian.
He said he picked Clark be-
cause of his qualifications and
that's the only thing he consid-
ered. He added he doesn't care
whether a man is a Jew, Catholic,
or Baptist, as long as he is qual-
ified. Mr. Truman is a Baptist.
Gothic Society To
Organize Today
The proposed Michigan Gothic
Film Society will limit its mem-
bership to all graduate students
and faculty members.
The Society will organize at 7
p.m., today, in the East Confer-
ence Rm., Rackham Building.
i
LEFT BEREFT BY DEFT THEFT:
Vandenberg GetsJ
1,
Amateui
CHICAGO - (R) - Inside job
°amntrs, .rp rctn- T T..% _ m
9 Thieves Meddle in Company Funds
two years and, from present indi-I
ing losses due to employe dishon-
responsibility, coupled with
ier to do so again and in time he