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VOL. L-VIII, No. 191 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN FRIDAY, JULY 23, 1948
PRICE FIVE CENTS
Third Party
Will Meet in
Phily Today
Unworried About
Communist Vote
By The Associated Press
PHILADELPHIA, July 22-(A)-
Henry Wallace's Third Party Con-
vention gets going tomorrow with
vice presidential hopeful Glen
Taylor already accepting any
votes the Communists want to
offer the ticket.
In fact, the issue of Commu-
nism in one form or another stalks
through nearly all the prelimina-
ries to the formal founding of the
"New Party."
It comes up in platform making,
committee meetings and news
conferences.
Taylor and other convention
figures say they aren't worried
about all the talk of Communist
'nfiltration into the party, be-
cause the party isn't Commu-
nist and isn't being run by Com-
munists.
When party founder Henry A.
Wallace comes to town tomorrow
he is expected to say plenty more
along the same line.
The pattern for this convention
has been all worked out ahead of
time. Wallace, former Vice Presi-
dent, will be the presidential
nominee.
Taylor gets second place on the
slate.
The platform was hammered
together ahead of time. It is
against the Truman doctrine
and Marshall Plan for European
recovery. It is for cooperation
with Russia to obtain world
peace.
Dr. Rexford Guy Tugwell, Chi-
cago University professor who was
an original New Deal brain trus-
ter, is running the platform com-
mittee.
Tugwell announced the plat-
form recommends that anyone 18
years old be' allowed to vote, that
laws be passed against lynchings,
poll taxes and racial discrimina-
tion, that the House Un-Ameri-
can Activities Committee be abol-
is hed.
And at hearings on the plat-
form, 81-year-old Dr. F. E.
Townsend said the new party
would get "millions of votes" if
it would go for his plan for $100-.
a-month pensions for the old
and needy.
Both Wallace and Taylor have
said they don't like Communism
but expect to get some votes from
Communists.
* * *
}Wallace Party
Placed on Ohio
Election Ballot
COLUMBUS', O., July 22-(")-
The Ohio Supreme Court ruled to-
day that the Henry A. Wallace
Third Party ticket could go on the
state's election ballots next No-
vember.
Secretary of state Edward J.
Hummel had declined to put the
Third Party ticket on the presi-
dential ballot in Ohio on two
grounds:
1. That Ohio election laws con-
tained no provision for the nomi-
nation of independent candidates
for President and vice-president,
and,
2. That Wallace supporters had
failed to submit a suitable loyalty
affidavit, as required by a 1941
law barring from the ticket "par-
ties or groups, engaged in un-
American activities."
In hearings before the Supreme
Court, Hummel had contended
that several Wallace adherents in
Ohio were Communists.
The court issued a writ ordering
Hummel to place a slate of Wal-
lace presidential electors on the
ballot, and then overruled the see-
retary of state on his loyalty affi-
davit contention.
Wallace supporters had sought
to enter a slate of 25 presiden-
tial electors, but Hummel refused
to accept nominating negotiations.
No Dog Quarantine
Seen by Engelke
US, British Spain Policy
Called 'Pro-Communist'
Says Franco Support Helps Spanish CP
To Develop Underground Movement
By CRAIG WILSON
The present U.S. and British policy in Franco Spain is Pro-Com-
munist, David Nussbaum, former Life and PM correspondent, charged
last night.
The Spanish Communist Party )s growing rapidly under the
Franco regime-and it is the only underground party that "stands to
gain" if the Generalissimo stays in power, Nussbaum-tld members at-
tending an AVC meeting.
His "Eyewitness Report from Underground Franco Spain," was
based on three and one-half months recent direct contact with all po-
i
Noted Jurists
Address Law
MeetingHere
Rheinstein, Burke,
Fahy Give Lectures
Continuing the forum on "Cur-
rett Problems in International
Law" yesterday, Charles M. Fahy,
attorney, said that the institution
of peace and democracy in Ger-
many, as called for in the Pots-
dam agreement, is being inter-
preted differently in the East and
in the West.
Speaking on the relevancy of
the Hague Conventions of 1907 to
the occupation, Mr. Fahy recog-
nized that though there is argu-
ment, he believes in the present
American policy, that the Hague
conventions had as their purpose
the regulation of combat activi-
ties only, and were inapplicable to
post-war occupation of a subju-
gated nation.
The second speaker of the day,
Max Rheinstein, Professor of
Comparative Law at the Univer-
sity of Chicago, said that it is
"recogized under international
law that fiduciary duties devolve
upon the occupiers," though it is
not easy "to reconcile other inter-
ests with the fiduciary duties."
The sending of food and medicine
is no more than the fulfillment of
our international obligation, h
added.
Speaking of the Nuremberg
Trials, Prof. Rheinstein said that
if they are to make sense it must
be realized that for the first time
in international law, individuals
have become the direct subjects of
international law. Because they
have been shown to have owed di-
rect duties to international law,
he said, it follows that they have
rights which they get from inter-
national law directly.
The third lecture was given by
George Burke, recently a judge in
the war crimes tribunal in Ger-
many, in charge of trying those
responsible for the killing of
hostages in countries occupied by
the Germans.
Supporting his thesis that all
convictions were made on the
basis of international laws that
were in existence at the time the
offenses were committed, he
showed that the defendants were
granted every defense they would
have' been entitled to under Amer-
ican standards of justice.
Their defense of "superior or-
ders" was invalidated on the
grounds that they had no duty to
carry out orders which were ini-
tially illegal under the terms of
the Hague Convention of 1907, he
said.
In response to a question by
Prof. Rheinstein as to the consid-
eration which motivated the court
in granting term sentences when
it would appear on the face that
the nature of their crimes called
for either. death or acquittal,
Burke declined to answer on the
grounds that he had not the au-
thority "to search the moral con-
science" of the judges.
-litical shades of the underground
working for the collapse of the
present Spanish government.
Encircle Europe
"By taking Spain, the Commu-
nists could encircle Europe," he
warned.
However, the fall of Franco,
which he said is "pending," would
not put Communists in power be-
cause, as an underground unit
they are still a small minority. If
Franco maintains his dictatorship
with the apparent support of
Britain and the U. S., the Commu-
nists could grow much larger, he
indicated.
"Collapse of the Franco gov-
ernment will come any time now
simply because it is the most inept
dictatorship-or for that matter,
government-the world has ever
known."
A 'Good Thing'
"They are just making a 'good
thing' of running the nation based
on the national black market," he
commented.
A 'break' now would result in a
popular front government with a
strong left wing element, he ex-
plained. There are differences to
be settled between the undier-
ground National Alliance of
Democratic Forces, which repre-
sents the former Spanish Republic
and the Monarchist but there is
"no squabbling or rancor."
The outcome will be a political
"deal" which may include some
Franco - supporting Falange
"gangsters" hoping to "save their
skins," Nussbaum commented.
The Problem
The Monarchists hope to re-
store pretender Don Juan on a
monarchy similar to Great Brit-
ain, and the Alliance is commit-
ted to support the Republic which
it considers still the "official" gov-
ernment of Spain, he said. (To
them Franco is "unofficial.")
The Alliance is made up of the
Republicans, Socialist-controlled
UGT and the Spanish AFL-CIO
groups, he explained.
The Basques, controlling four
provinces of northern Spain will
go along with the re-formation of
the Republic as one step towards
gaining full independence for
themselves, according to Nuss-
baum.
Law Forum
ClosesToday
Prof. Brierly To Talk
On LegalCodification
The second half of the Forum
on Current Problems in Interna-
tional Law, entitled "International
Law and Public Rights," will hold
concluding sessions today in Rm.
120 Hutchins Hall.
" Codification of International
Law" will be the subject dealt with
by James L. Brierly, Professor
Emeritus of International aw
at Oxford University. He will
speak at 2:30 p.m.
At 4 p.m., William Bishop, Jr.,
University Professor of Interna-
tional Law, will discuss "Peace
Treaties of World War II." The
concluding lecture will be delivered
at 8 p.m. by Hersch Lauterpacht,
Whewell Professor of Interna-
tional Law at Cambridge, who will
talk on "International Law and
Human Rights."
A question and discussion period
will follow each lecture.
Plane Drops
Bomb on UN
Headquarter
No Damage Done;
Search for Pilot
LAKE SUCCESS, July 22-(!P)-
A small plane buzzed United Na-
tions headquarters today and
dropped a long object which police
said might have been a home-
made bomb.
It exploded 400 feet from the
main UN building housing the of-
fihes of Tryyve Lie, secretary pen-
eral.
Emmet Rogers, a UN guard on
duty near the scene, reported
pains in his stomach from the
concussion but declined medical
attention.
No buildings were damaged.
UN secretaries and other work-
ers who heard the explosion rushed
to windows to see what was hap-
pening. Later theythrongedto
the scene and speculated excitedly
whether it really was a bomb scare
or a practical joke.
Gun Wadding
John Cosgrove, UN Security
Chief, said police found gun
wadding and several fragments of
adhesive i tape which smelled of
gun powder.
Detective Edward C. Horning of
the Nassau 'County police said he
thought the object was a home-
made bomb or, possibly, a mail
drop.
A few hours after the incident,
New York police threw a guard
around a small yellow and orange
plane which landed at La Guardia
Field at 1:41 p.m. (CST). In the
plane officers said they found a
map of the Lake Success area
with several UN buildings marked
with crosses.
The pilot had walked away after
landing and borrowing 40 cents,
saying he wanted to buy some gas,
airport workers said. The pilot
was quoted as saying he would re-
turn by 6 p.m. (CST). However,
he was not reported seen again
up to 5:30 p.m. (CST).
Records of the port authority,
which operates La Guardia, listed
the pilot's name as S. J. Supina,
the plane's number as NC-3690E
and the craft's owner as Allied
Aviation, Willimantic, Conn.
The-police report to headquar-
ters said the plane had flown from
Connecticut without proper clear-
ance and landed similarly at La-
Guardia.
Police said their investigation
showed S. J. Supina was a student
pilot in Willimantic:
Cosgrove was on his way from
Lake Success to inspect the plane
and an official from the Connecti-
cut company also was said to be
en route.
Ray Ives, secretary of Allied Av-
iation; said later in Willimantic
that Supina was a student in a
GI flying course. He said he was
about 36 years old and lived in
Willington, Conn.
Ives further identified Supina as
a former "flight engineer and top
turret gunner" in the Air Force
during the war; that he had been
stationed in England, and that he
had been "very much concerned"
over the current European situa-
tion.
* * *
UN Workers
Hit at Cha rges
LAKE SUCCESS, July 22-(A)--
The United Nations Secretariat
declared today minor State De-
partment officials had slandered
UN workers and damaged their
morale.
This was the UN answer to
charges before a congressional
subcommittee by officials of the
State Department's visa section
that the UN is being used as a
screen for subversive agents.
The answer was given by Victor
Hoo, acting secretary-general, at
a news conference. Hoo said UN
employes had received the charges
with a "great shock" and are
"most indignant."
Hoo said prestige of the UN has
been injured by the charges, even
though they have been disavowed
by Secretary Marshall.
He added it is only natural that
they would affect the morale and
efficiency of the Secretariat.
The staff committee of the
United Nations, representing the
workers, unanimously approved aI
Truman Believes
Chances for World
Peace Are Good
President Receives Report from Clay
On Conditions Prevailing in Berlin
By The Associated Press
WASHINGTON, July 22-President Truman expressed belief
today that prospects for peace are excellent.
He threw his full support behind efforts to work out a peaceful
settlement of the Berlin crisis.
Then, in a meeting of the National Security Council, he received
a first hand report from Gen. Lucius D. Clay on conditions in the
Soviet blockaded German capital.
At a news conference the President not only endorsed the pro-
gram of Secretary of State Marshall for exhaustive use of diplomatic
negotiations and other measures to try to break the deadlock over
Berlin but also indicated the be- * * *
lief that they had a good chance R
of success. BriLtish ep
WOULD FORM NEW FRENCH GOVERNMENT-Andre Marie
(center), 50 year old Radical Socialist, talks with reporters in
Paris after leaving Elysee Palace following a visit with French
President Vincent Auriol. Marie said he has been asked to form a
new cabinet and declared he would seek a government of repub-
licans, excluding Communists and DeGaullists.
EAGER BEAVERS:
Enlistees Meet Marine Quota,
Won't Need Draftees in 1949
4
WASHINGTON, July 22----()--
The Marine Corps said today en-
listments have been so high that
no draftees will be needed for that
branch of service in 1949.
The 1949 Marine quota is 36,-
000 men plus 6,000 18-year-olds.
Officials said after a conference'
today that volunteers this month
already have passed the 4,000
mark, and that the Marines will
need no draftees to fill their ranks.
They did not estimate how many
Lewis, NLRB
Embroiled in
Legal. Battle
WASHINGTON, July 22-IP)--
A hot legal battle began today on
a government charge that John L.
Lewis violated the. Taft-Hartley
law in negotiating his next soft
coal agreement.
Attorneys for Lewis argued at
the outset that if the agreement's
contested union shop clause runs
afoul of the labor law then coal
mine owners who agreed to it are
equally guilty.
The charges, being aired at a
National Labor Relations hearing,
are that Lewis illegally insisted on
the clause in a contract signed
June 31 with "captive" coal mines
-that is, mines owned by the steel
industry.
The Taft-Hartley act says a
union shop cannot be established
unless the workers vote for it in
an election conducted by the
NLRB, but Lewis was prevented
from obtaining an election because
access to NLRB's facilities is
available only to unions whose of-
fices sign a non-Communist aff1-
davit. Lewis refuses to sign one
"as a matter of principle."
Lewis argued a motion filed by
his attorneys that the miners
demonstrated, by their refusal to
work the captive mines during the
week of July 6, that they wanted
the union shop. Such a provision
has been in past coal agreements
since 1941.
The "captives" work stoppage
ended when they agreed withl
Lewis-in an out of court settle-
ment arranged with Federal
Judge T. Alan Goldsborough's
help--to put the union shop into
effect temporarily pending the
outcome of the NLRB case on the
election requirement.
18-year-olds had enlisted yester-
day, when recruiting of these
youths began.
Eighteen -year - olds continued
to swamp recruiting offices of all
branches of service today, but of-
ficials said it would be two or
three days before they knew
whether they would have to hang
out the no admittance sign.
Only 161,000 youtss of this age
bracket may enlist for one year
in the Army, Navy or Air Force,
thus avoiding the 21-month draft
when they become 19.
Enlistments yesterday when re-
cruiting of 18-year-olds opened
was so heavy it was feared they
would top the 161,000 limit, set
for two reasons:
1. Congress had approved only
$500,000,000 for the one - year
training program.
2, The Army said if a larger
number were admitted, it would
require more regulars to train
them, weakening the Army's com-
bat strength. Officials also point-
ed out that the teen-agers can
not be sent outside the continental
United States.
It is estimated there are about
1,200,000 youths of 18, and offi-
cials said after yesterday's enlist-?
ments that far more than 161,000
of them would like to sign up for
the short-term training program.
Will Give To
Plays oT~ard' s
Two Shakespearian plays, "Mac-
beth" and "The Taming of the
Shrew," will be presented by the
Festival Players of Ohio Wesleyan
University at 8 p.m. today in
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre.
Both plays have been condensed
for one hour presentations by the
group. In addition, the produc-
tions will feature two new tech-
nquers in stagecraft - modern
adaptations of Shakespeare's'
chorus and modified Elizabethan
settings.
Prof. R. C. Hunter, of Ohio
Wesleyan University, will direct
both productions. He will deliver a
lecture on "Theatre" at 3 p.m. to-
day in the Rackham Amphithea-
tre.
The Festival Players are ap
pearing on campus under the aus-
pices of the Speech Department,
which will present another in its
series of summer plays next week.
In response to a question, Mr.
Truman said that he thinks the
chances for world peace are
good-in fact excellent. He
said he was in complete agree-
ment with the statement Mar-
shall made on the subject yes-
terday. Marshall had said that
the United States would exhaust
every effort of diplomacy to find
a peaceful way out of the crisis
but that it would not be coerced
or intimidated.
After the Security Council
meeting, White House press secre-
tary Charles Ross told newsmen:
"Gen. Clay simply talked to the
group about the situation in Ber-
lin."
"No conclusions can be drawn
from it,", he continued. "The
Council simply listened to Gen.
Clay. Gen. Clay himself is going
to hold a press conference to-
morrow.
When Clay left the White
House, he told reporters that he
had reported on the German sit-
uation and that he would take
off by plane to return to Berlin
tomorrow night.
While the influence which Clay
fitgy have on American policy
thinking about the Berlin situa-
tion is not yet known, it seems cer-
tain that his ideas will be carefully
considered by Secretary Marshall
in working out with Britain and
France the draft of a new note
which the Western Powers are ex-
pected to send to the Soviet gov-
ernment within a few days.
French Film
To Be Shown
At Hill Tonight
Local audiences will have an op-
portunity to see the sequel to the
popular French film, "Marius,"
when the Art Cinema League pre-
sents "Fanny" tonight and tomor-
row at 8 p.m. in Hill Auditorium.
Starring members of the "Mar-
lus" cast, the comedy by Marcel
Pagnol was uniformly well re-
ceived by critics when it was pre-
sented in New York early in the
year.
"The story is a thoroughly
charming blend of humor and
pathos, and gives a wide range
to the French talent for making
dramatic capital of very ordinary
episodes and people," according
to one critic.
Another reviewer has described
the film as "a heartening tale that
never makes the mistake of under-
estimating the attractiveness and
importance of human beings."
The cast includes the late
French comedian, Raimu, in the
role of Cesar, father of the way-
ward Marius. Maris is played by
Pierre Fresnay. Orane Demazis
is cast as his lover, Fanny, and
Charpin as Panisse, the wealthy
widower who desires to marry her.
Pagnol adapted the movie from
a part of one of his celebrated
plays. He also produced and di-
rected the film.
Tickets for the comedy will be
on sale at the Hill Auditorium
bos office from 3 to 8:30 -p.m.
Soviet Planes
In Corridor
Charge Yak Fighters
Hold Target Practice
BERLIN, July 22-(IP)-Three
Russian Yak fighter planes en-
gaged in a target practice maneu-
ver today in the British air cor-
ridor, British authorities said to-
night.
The air lane is used by the
Royal Air Force to supply Soviet-
blockaded western Berlin.
A four-engine York transport
sighted the three fighters trailing
a sleeve - towing' aircraft - a
common type of target practice
-in the Berlin-Bueckeburg cor-
ridor this morning.
Shooting?
"There is no evidence that the
three were shooting at the sleeve
while the York was nearby," a
British official said, "but they
probably were shooting."
The Soviet planes entered the
British airway as American planes
roared into-Berlin with a new rec
ord haul of food and fuel.
The British military government
issued a statement saying the Rus-
sians committed two other
breaches of flight rules today in
the same corridor.
100 Yards
Another York crew saw two
Yaks "climbing up in front of him
about 100 yards away," the state-
ment said. "The rule is that air-
craft shall not approach other
aircraft nearer than 150 meters
(about 165 yards)."
In the third incident, a York
crew saw "a formation of Yaks
flying in and out of clouds."
Strong Protest
Two days ago the British hand-
ed the Russians a "very strong
protest" over a flight of Yaks
which flew over Gatow Airport in
Berlin Monday.
Meanwhile, the British military
government rejected tonight a
Russian offer to supply electric
power to a factory in western
Berlin.
Clarifies Rules
On Absentee
Student Ballots
Ann Arbor city clerk Frederick
C. Perry yesterday clarified state
rulings that would allow students
living in Michigan to vote by ab-
sentee ballot,
The requirements are no differ-
ent than those of regular voting,
clerk Perry said, outlining the pro-
cedure for obtaining absentee bal-
lots.
"Students must have previous-
ly fulfilled the requirements of
voting registration (all new voters
and those that haven't voted since
November 1946 must register). All
they need to do is send their name
and present address to their city,
village or township clerk request-
ing the ballot," he said.
Plenty of Time
Clerk Perry suggested that stu-
dents mail their requests in twen-
ty days before the election they
hope to vote in and return the
ballot at least five days ahead of
time. (The primary will be held
Sept. 14; the Presidential election
Nov. 2)
World News At A Glance
By The Associated Press
NEW YORK, July 22-The ninth of 12 indicted Communist Party
leaders surrendered today to Federal authorities.
He was Irving Potash, manager of the CIO Furriers Joint Council
in New York.
CHICAGO, July 22-Heavy overnight rains brought flood
conditions today to Southeastern Kansas and an area in Central
CLA IR WILCOX LECTURE:
ITOMay Halt Word Economic arf are
4>--
An end to economic "warfare"
for ratification before Congress in
tices of international combines and